Abstract:At present,there is no zoning grasp for water resources protection planning.The protection objectives are mainly based on water function zoning or water environment function zoning.The zoning only delineates a single water quality target for water area protection and fails to fully reflect the protection requirements for water areas,shores,water quantity,and water quality.The safeguarding of water resources' inherent natural properties and societal service functions remains operationally challenging.To this end,this study proposed to construct a water resources protection space zoning system.It comprehensively considered the water area of river and lake water resources protection,the basic spatial range of shores,the quality characteristics of water resources in the watershed,the functional attributes of water bodies,and the regional spatial differences and constructed a comprehensive territorial zoning system based on"geographical division,functional classification,and control classification"and water quantity and water quality coupling.In terms of protection factors,the ecological base flow and the minimum discharge water index and the target of the control section were constructed.The geographical division was divided into the estuary area,river network area,and inland area.The functional classification was refined according to the types of water bodies,such as tidal river network,non-tidal river channel,and lake reservoir.Management and control classification docking integrated existing zoning results,such as water environment function zoning,water function zoning,and shoreline protection and utilization planning.This zoning system can provide a scientific basis for the protection,rational development and utilization of water resources,and also can serve as a valuable reference for water resources protection in other regions.

Abstract:Flood resource utilization serves as a significant approach to realizing simultaneous drought and flood mitigation and enhancing comprehensive water security.Over the past two decades since 2000,China has achieved important progress in theoretical research,technological innovation,and practical exploration in this field.The advancements in fundamental theory are primarily reflected in a renewed understanding of the resource attributes and ecological functions of flood,clarifying the basic concepts of flood resource utilization and establishing an evaluation system for its effectiveness.Key technological breakthroughs have been made in flood forecasting,dynamic control of reservoir flood limit water levels,and joint utilization of surface and groundwater during floods.In terms of practical implementation,flood resource utilization has been incorporated as a fundamental requirement in the flood control planning of China's seven major river basins,with numerous successful cases emerging in major water conservancy projects,basin-wide initiatives,and inter-basin applications.This paper further outlined the main constraints facing flood resource utilization in China and provided an outlook on its future development.Finally,suggestions were proposed to promote the development of flood resource utilization to a higher level,focusing on overcoming institutional barriers,strengthening engineering systems,enhancing information support,and accelerating technological innovation.

Abstract:Under the context of global climate change,extreme precipitation events have become more frequent and intense in China,leading to increasing abruptness,extremity,and uncertainty in flood disasters.The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,along with the persistent contradiction between water supply and demand,remains a prominent issue.The intertwined challenges of"water disasters"and"water utilization"pose severe challenges to traditional flood management approaches.As a comprehensive infrastructure system integrating flood control and disaster reduction,water resource allocation,and ecological protection,the modern water network provides a physical carrier for the coordinated resolution of flood disaster prevention and resource utilization.Based on a tripartite understanding of the hazardous,resource-based,and functional attributes of floods,this paper elucidates the theoretical foundation of"regulation and storage as foundation,equal emphasis on prevention and utilization"within the framework of modern water network engineering.It proposes a system optimization approach structured around the"outline,mesh,and knot"framework.On this basis,an intelligent collaborative regulation system based on the"four pre"(forecasting,early warning,rehearsal,and contingency plan)is constructed,and institutional safeguards,including the improvement of coordination systems and the refinement of regulatory and technical standards,are explored.The study suggests that the modern water network provides an engineering foundation for achieving a leap in flood management capabilities from"control"to"utilization"and further to"shaping".There is an urgent need to systematically advance conceptual renewal,engineering optimization,smart dispatching,and institutional innovation to accelerate the establishment of a modern flood governance paradigm centered on regulation and storage,with synergistic coordination between flood control and resource utilization.This will provide theoretical support and practical pathways for enhancing national water security capabilities.

Abstract:In recent years,under the influence of global climate change,China has faced increased risks of flood disasters,along with amplified overlapping and spillover effects of such disasters.How to balance the relationship between humans and floods,and better adapt to changing environments,has become an urgent question requiring a new answer.Facing new situations,challenges,and problems and building on a deeper understanding of flood patterns,China has further developed a tripartite perception of floods,recognizing their destructiveness,resource potential,and functional roles.This has gradually led to the emergence of a new concept of flood governance and management that integrates flood control,flood utilization,and flood shaping.This concept is the inevitable outcome of historical,theoretical,and practical developments,offering a fresh perspective for addressing flood disaster risks in a changing environment and enhancing water security capabilities.China has actively explored and implemented this new concept of flood governance and management,continuously strengthening flood risk prevention and control while balancing the resource attributes and functional value of floods through scientific utilization.These efforts have promoted harmonious coexistence between humans and water,achieving notable governance results.Flood control,flood utilization,and flood shaping form a deeply interconnected and complex systemic project.Constructing a systematic solution for these elements requires high levels of foresight and precision in regulation.This necessitates coordinating"hard investments"in engineering with"soft development"in management to establish an efficient and robust support system.

Abstract:Against the backdrop of global climate change and rapid economic and social development,China's water security situation has become increasingly complex and severe,with traditional water governance models facing significant challenges in foresight,response speed,and decision-making scientificity.As an advanced paradigm for intelligent interaction between the physical and information worlds,digital twin technology presents a historic opportunity for modernizing the water governance system.This paper systematically reviewed the remarkable progress in China's digital twin water conservancy in areas such as top-level design,data modeling,and typical applications.It conducted an in-depth analysis of four major categories of issues exposed during the advancement of digital twin water conservancy,including management disconnects,technical shortcomings,institutional gaps,and security risks.To address these issues,the paper proposed a systematic countermeasure framework encompassing four dimensions,including management optimization,technological breakthroughs,institutional innovation,and security safeguards,based on the principles of"demand drive,application first,digital intelligence empowerment,and capability enhancement".Numerous practices have shown that it is necessary to follow the laws of water science development and software engineering construction,adhere to business drive,system drive,continuous iteration,and safe controllability,and deeply integrate technological empowerment with the reconstruction of water conservancy governance system,so as to promote the substantial leap of digital twin water conservancy from"having"to"being useful and effective",ensure the stable and far-reaching development of digital twin water conservancy.

Abstract:This paper takes Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province as a typical case study to explore the strategic significance and implementation pathways for the integrated development of the water economy in high-density cities in southern China against the backdrop of the economic model shifting toward domestic demand-driven growth.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that Shenzhen faces the core challenge of extreme scarcity of land resources and constraining effects imposed on urban space by the layouts of traditional water conservancy infrastructure.A"dual water source"guarantee pattern constructed by the Pearl River Delta Water Resources Allocation Project presents a historic opportunity to resolve the water-city spatial conflict,facilitating the functional transformation of local water sources and the release of waterfront spaces.Regarding implementation pathways,this paper proposes four mutually reinforcing core dimensions.The first dimension is strengthening urban ecological foundations by carrying out systematic management and establishing a value accounting system for water ecological products.The second is promoting the diversification and integration of water conservancy infrastructure and space functions by spatial convergence.The third is driving value transformation by innovating market mechanisms and guiding multi-stakeholder participation.The fourth is clarifying government roles and responsibilities to ensure the sound and orderly development of the water economy.It is emphasized that by following the"context-challenge-opportunity-pathway"framework,Shenzhen is expected to provide a"Shenzhen solution"for other high-density cities to achieve sustainable development featuring water-city symbiosis and human-water harmony.

Abstract:Based on a profound understanding of the long-term history of water management and the practices in the new era,China has proposed three flood governance models:flood control,flood utilization,and flood shaping.Against the backdrop of intensified weather system evolution due to global climate change and the increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events in China,enhancing the resource utilization of floods is a crucial aspect of flood management,holding significant importance for alleviating the imbalance between water supply and demand in the country.From the macro perspective of the basic water situation in China and national water network construction,it is necessary and feasible to carry out large-scale spatio-temporal flood resource utilization.To promote the utilization of flood resources based on the national water network,it is first necessary to quantitatively assess flood resource potential for utilization on large spatio-temporal scales,clarifying the baseline.Secondly,it is essential to construct a national water network simulator based on the natural-artificial dualistic water cycle,so as to achieve"forecasting,early-warning,rehearsal,and contingency planning"for flood resource utilization.Finally,it is important to consider multiple objectives,such as flood control and water supply,and fully leverage the comprehensive function of the national water network to balance water resources with population and economic layout and support high-quality economic and social development.

Abstract:As a critical ecological security barrier and key production base in northern China,the agro-pastoral ecotone features a fragile ecological environment and holds a unique strategic position.The evolution and optimal regulation of its ecological pattern are crucial for regional sustainable development.Based on land cover data,meteorological observations,remote sensing retrievals,and socioeconomic data,this study systematically investigated the evolutionary patterns and driving mechanisms of the regional ecological pattern and constructed an optimization system and restoration strategies by integrating methods such as ecosystem distribution pattern analysis and the minimum cumulative resistance model,combined with the natural-artificial dualistic water cycle theory.The results indicate that from 1990 to 2023,the ecological pattern of the northern agro-pastoral ecotone exhibits significant spatiotemporal differentiation.Ecologically improved areas generally shift northeastward towards humid regions and are contracted in the southwestern arid regions.Forests are concentrated in the northeast,while farmland and settlements are distributed in the central-eastern and southern parts,with desert areas concentrated in the mid-west.Ecological quality and function,characterized by NPP and NDVI,show a gradient of low in the northwest and high in the northeast,with an overall improving trend.However,a cycle of"water limitation,low function,and aggravated degradation"persists in the mid-west,and farmland expansion in the east leads to ecological fragmentation,with the core issue being an imbalance in the water cycle.Regarding driving mechanisms,precipitation is the dominant natural factor,showing a significantly higher correlation with ecological function than temperature.Human activities exhibit a dual effect:Ecological engineering promotes an increase in ecological land,while unsustainable development and water resource utilization exacerbate local degradation.Hydraulic engineering and water resource management influence pattern dynamics through both positive and negative coupling effects on the water cycle.Consequently,a multi-level"point,corridor,and network"optimization system is constructed,identifying 31 core ecological sources and 22 ecological corridors and delineating four types of zones.Differentiated strategies are proposed,including natural restoration for the northeast and enhanced artificial intervention with water infrastructure support for the west.Furthermore,promoting water-saving irrigation and ecological water supplementation and establishing an integrated"sky,space,and ground"monitoring network are recommended.This research provides a scientific basis for strengthening the northern ecological security barrier and coordinating ecological protection with economic development.

Abstract:Due to its unique physical geography and climatic conditions,China is one of the countries most severely affected by frequent and intense flood and drought disasters in the world.Against the backdrop of global climate change,flood disasters in China have exhibited new characteristics,becoming more extreme,abrupt,and abnormal.Traditional understandings of flood attributes suffer from limitations,often overemphasizing their hazardous nature while underestimating their role as resources and,even more so,their functional aspects.This perspective is increasingly inadequate for addressing the new circumstances.Concurrently,China faces inherent water resource shortages and a highly uneven spatiotemporal distribution,leading to sharp conflicts between flood control and beneficial utilization,frequent alternations between drought and flood,and escalating pressures from ecological degradation.Conventional governance and management models struggle to balance the multiple objectives of flood disaster prevention,flood resource utilization,and water ecological restoration.This paper adopted a philosophical perspective on human-water relationships to review the history of flood governance and management in China.It analyzed the three-dimensional attributes of floods,namely hazards,resources,and functions and elaborated on the concept and connotation of a new paradigm for flood governance and management,termed the"three floods"approach(namely flood control,flood utilization,and flood shaping).The paper summarized China's practical explorations regarding this new paradigm,proposed a supporting system for it,and discussed its application prospects.The research findings aim to provide a reference for deepening the understanding of flood attributes and accelerating the development of a governance and management system based on the"three floods"concept.

Abstract:Yudiba dams play a significant role in soil conservation and carbon sequestration,reducing erosion and carbon emissions,and enhancing vegetation growth and carbon sequestration capacity.The development of carbon sink projects for Yudiba dams is important for promoting their construction,operation,and maintenance,supporting ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin,and achieving China's"dual carbon"goals.On November 25,2025,the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued the Methodology for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Projects:Carbon Sinks from Yudiba Dams(CCER-14-005-V0),which came into effect on the same date.This development signifies that Yudiba dam projects are now formally included under the carbon sink methodologies issued by the competent authorities.Consequently,the carbon sink volume of Yudiba dam projects can be included in the national Chinese Certified Emission Reduction(CCER)trading mechanism.This paper briefly elaborates on the main elements of the methodology,including applicable conditions,project boundaries,crediting periods,carbon pools,greenhouse gas emission sources,methods for accounting for project emission reductions,monitoring methods,and key points for project validation and verification.This methodology highlights the supporting role of the carbon sink mechanism associated with Yudiba dams,clarifies how Yudiba dam projects can be bundled to establish carbon sink projects,emphasizes the operability and standardization of monitoring methods,and stresses the need for consistency between the timeframes used for emission reduction verification and monitoring.To promote the full implementation of the methodology and actively advance carbon sink trading in soil and water conservation,it is essential to accelerate project planning and design,timely prepare project development guidance documents,to strictly control the quality of project development,monitoring,and accounting,and to effectively collect and analyze feedback.

Abstract:Water control precipitation radar enables refined areal rainfall monitoring.It is a core piece of equipment for upgrading hydrological rainfall observation operations and enhancing the capabilities of forecast,early-warning,rehearsal,and contingency planning.The construction of water control precipitation radar is a crucial task for accelerating the establishment of a modern monitoring and forecasting system for rainfall and water conditions.This study selected the Daqing River basin of the Haihe River basin,a plain region,as the pilot area,and systematically evaluated the application of water control precipitation radar and its quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)products for typical rainfall processes of different intensities monitored during the 2023 and 2024 flood seasons.The research results indicate that the correlation coefficients between the radar QPE products and hourly rainfall from ground-based rain gauge stations were 0.768 and 0.901 for the two typical rainfall processes,respectively.This verifies the high-precision capability of the networked radar and its algorithms in capturing the intensity and location of heavy rainfall.Stratified evaluation based on rainfall intensity showed that the deviation of radar retrieval results tends to increase moderately with higher rainfall intensity.Future efforts require continuous improvement of core algorithms,such as attenuation correction,to further enhance the monitoring accuracy for heavy rainfall.Based on the current construction and application status of water control precipitation radars by various water authorities at different levels,and considering the main advantages and application effectiveness of this technology,recommendations for application planning and construction management are proposed in terms of operational platform development,quality assessment,computing environment,and forecasting models.

Abstract:As an important subject of water conservancy safety production management,safety risk management and control is also a scientific and systematic project,imposing relatively high requirements on professionalism and practicality.In daily practice,risk management and control of water conservancy safety production is generally simplified and modeled;the focus of management and control is not prominent;the management and control measures are unreasonable,which restricts the effectiveness of accident prevention to varying degrees.To improve the risk management and control effectiveness of water conservancy safety production,this paper integrates the"six mechanisms"of risk management and control for water conservancy safety production with the Bowtie analysis model.By centering on the evolution path of"hazard sources,top events,and accident consequences",the Bowtie analysis model of water conservancy safety production risk is built based on the safety barrier theory.Firstly,top events(high-frequency common events)are identified.By taking the top events as the center,the hazard sources that lead to the top events are sorted out item by item forward,and preventive barriers are set.Meanwhile,the accident consequence path is deduced item by item backward,and mitigation barriers are set.Then,an evaluation index system is established for the built model,and the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the management and control effect.Finally,the barrier configuration is optimized according to the evaluation results.By taking the collapse,roof fall,and spalling accident of a trunk canal tunnel group construction project as an example,the model is adopted for verification.The results show that the Bowtie analysis model can significantly improve the systematicness and pertinence of barriers,and promote the implementation of the"six mechanisms"in hazard source early warning,prevention,and disposal.This path offers a systematic and visual risk management tool,which can serve as a reference for risk management and control practices of safety production in various water conservancy production and operation units.

Abstract:Requirements for the integrated development of water network and shipping are proposed in the Guideline on National Water Network Construction,which focuses on promoting the in-depth integration of water network and shipping and enhancing the connection of water network and water transportation passage,thus providing a core principle for the two-network integrated development.To explore the key issues and solutions for the integrated development of the national water network and the inland shipping network,an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the two from both narrow and broad perspectives is conducted based on summarizing the characteristics of the national water network,integrating the current development status of inland shipping and relevant plans.The key issues in two-network integrated development are further discussed,including space synergy layout contradiction,conflict between water resource allocation and shipping demand,difficulty in balancing protection and development,and digital bottleneck of multi-network synergy.The corresponding solutions are initially proposed.The study holds that it is necessary to make systematic technical breakthroughs in four ways.First,the specialized planning should be studied for the integrated development of the national water network and the inland shipping network to lay a solid foundation for the overall layout.Second,the key technologies for water-shipping joint dispatching should be innovated to solve the resource allocation contradiction.Third,the technologies for complex habitat restoration and green shipping development should be broken through to achieve biology-development synergy.Fourth,a pilot project of the water-shipping digital twin should be established to overcome the digital barrier of multi-network synergy.The proposed solutions can lay a foundation and provide practical guidance for the theoretical system of high-quality integrated development of water conservancy and water transportation in the new era.

Abstract:Small reservoirs in China are numerous and widely distributed,serving as critical infrastructure for flood control safety,water supply security,and ecological protection.However,this infrastructure generally faces severe challenges,including extended service life and insufficient maintenance capacity.Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change,traditional maintenance models and their supporting equipment have become significantly outdated,plagued by problems such as low operational efficiency,inadequate monitoring coverage,and slow emergency response,resulting in increasingly prominent risks to safe operation.This paper systematically analyzes the inherent deficiencies of traditional maintenance models.It comprehensively compares the application potential and implementation pathways of new-generation information technologies in water conservancy project management,such as unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),the Internet of Things(IoT),BeiDou satellite communication,distributed energy storage,and intelligent maintenance equipment.Furthermore,it constructs an integrated intelligent maintenance equipment system for small reservoirs,organically combining five subsystems:comprehensive support,intelligent perception,unmanned inspection,geophysical detection,and modern maintenance.Research indicates that this system can achieve all-weather,comprehensive,and precise monitoring of the reservoirs'operational status,significantly enhancing maintenance efficiency and risk early warning capabilities.To facilitate the system's implementation,this paper proposes systematically advancing the modernization transformation of China's small reservoir maintenance systems around five pillars,including standardized top-level design,localized key technologies,integrated information platforms,targeted policy support,and professional talent teams,aiming to enhance the overall resilience and sustainable operational capacity.

Abstract:On the basis of literature research,this paper summarizes the definitions and mechanisms of hazard sources,risks and hidden dangers,and deduces the accident evolution law that"hazard sources have risks,risks must be managed and controlled,hazards evolve into hidden dangers when risk management and control is not in place,and accidents will occur when hidden dangers accumulate to a certain extent".Meanwhile,the fundamental role of hazard sources in the management of"six mechanisms"for risk management and control of water safety production is clarified.Then,by taking the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project as an example,this paper strengthens the construction of search mechanisms and judgment mechanisms from the aspects of comprehensive identification of hazard sources,scientific evaluation of risk levels,and in-depth correlation between investigation and management of hidden dangers and risk degrees of hazard sources.Additionally,the construction of early warning mechanisms and prevention mechanisms is enhanced by employing new quality productive forces from the aspects of intelligent perception,intelligent inspection,and intelligent prediction.Disposal mechanism construction is strengthened from the aspects of establishing emergency rescue teams,allocating emergency supplies,and improving emergency plan systems.Furthermore,practical innovations are made in the construction of responsibility mechanisms from the aspects of strengthening political responsibility of safety production,building grid responsibility systems,and improving the efficiency of information-based supervision to provide a reference for other water conservancy projects to better implement the"six mechanisms"during operation periods.

Abstract:With the advancement of remote sensing technology and the increasing demands for ecological environment protection and management of rivers and lakes,it is necessary to design and apply a river and lake supervision system that meets practical business requirements to fully support the implementation of the river and lake chief system.The system is designed from three dimensions:air,ground,and water.It constructs a river and lake"air-ground-network"supervision system integrating"air observation","ground inspection",and"water monitoring",achieving synergistic coordination among the three dimensions.With remote sensing technology as the core,the system integrates multi-dimensional and multi-source information,including remote sensing images,video surveillance footage,and water quality monitoring data,forming a comprehensive three-dimensional supervision network covering the entire river and lake areas."Air observation"relies on satellite remote sensing technology to achieve macro-level dynamic monitoring of the entire river and lake areas,accurately identifying issues such as shoreline changes and suspected"four disorders"."Ground inspection"utilizes video surveillance networks and visualization technologies to support routine patrol management of the river and lake environment and refined regional verification."Water monitoring"employs equipment such as"water quality sentinels"to capture core indicators of the water environment in real time,constructing a key information monitoring and capture network for the water environment.The integration of these three components enables the monitoring and management of all elements,including river and lake ecology,shoreline control,and water quality safety.The remote sensing-based river and lake air-ground-network supervision system can provide effective solutions to pain-point problems in traditional supervision.It has been implemented in Beijing's river and lake management,providing precise and scientific data support for relevant decision-making and offering strong technical support for river and lake ecological protection and sustainable development.

Abstract:River and lake health assessment constitutes an important component of river and lake management.The indicator system for river and lake health assessment,when deeply integrated with the tasks of the river and lake chief system,provides a crucial foundation for understanding river health status,identifying problems in rivers and lakes,and proposing corresponding governance measures.It serves as a significant reference for river and lake chiefs at all levels in carrying out river and lake protection and governance.Based on a review of the research progress and policy development history of river and lake health assessment,this study summarizes the characteristics and regional differences of river and lake health assessment across different regions in China.It analyzes the current shortcomings in the implementation process of river and lake health assessment in China and proposes corresponding measures and recommendations.Through a systematic investigation of the current status of river and lake health assessment in various regions of China,the study examines the types of indicators,the basis for weight determination,and their application.It identifies the consistency and particularity of indicator settings across different regions and analyzes the regional differences in river and lake health assessment indicator systems.Recommendations for improving the indicator system are proposed,including constructing a differentiated indicator system,establishing a dynamic weight adjustment mechanism based on governance needs,developing an intelligent monitoring system for river and lake health assessment,and establishing and improving cross-regional collaborative assessment mechanisms.These aim to achieve the comprehensive goals of rivers and lakes being"safe,healthy,beautiful,culturally significant,and development-supporting",and to provide a reference for the ecological protection and sustainable development of rivers and lakes in China.

Abstract:As China's first comprehensive watershed legislation,the Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China has become a solid legal cornerstone for driving the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of the Yangtze River basin since its implementation five years ago.Based on the performance practices of river basin management agencies and water administrative departments at all levels,this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the remarkable performance since the law's implementation,covering multiple key areas of river sand mining management,water resource allocation,ecological flow control,planning system improvement,and collaborative governance promotion.Meanwhile,it deeply analyzes the multiple challenges faced by the law's implementation in the critical period of"quality and effectiveness improvement",including increasing pressure on flood and drought disaster prevention,legislative shortcomings in the protection of important water sources,lagging local supporting legislation,and obvious cross-regional law enforcement barriers,as well as insufficient multi-objective coordination,modernization transformation of governance capabilities,and inadequate empowerment by science and technology.All of these put forward new systematic requirements for the law's implementation.On this basis,this paper proposes a targeted countermeasure system,focusing on deepening institutional implementation,bolstering implementation shortcomings,and strengthening systematic governance.Additionally,special legislation improvement,responsibility division refinement,intelligent governance promotion,and coordination mechanism enhancement can help promote the huge transformation of the Yangtze River Protection Law from"institution construction"to"effectiveness release",continuously transform legislative advantages into governance effectiveness,and provide solid legal support for the high-level protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River basin.

Abstract:This study focuses on the regeneration of urban canal systems in the arid regions of Northwest China,taking the central urban area of Yinchuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the case study.Yinchuan is situated within the pilot area for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.Confronted with multiple challenges,including water scarcity,ecological fragility,and the preservation of cultural heritage in the region,this study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and dynamic mechanisms of Yinchuan's canal system over more than two millennia through historical document research and multi-modal field investigations,thereby identifying the core contradictions in the current situation.With the overarching goal of constructing a distinctive canal system for the"Lake City atop the Fortress",the study develops a systematic strategy system encompassing four dimensions:functional composite positioning,coordinated water quantity and quality regulation,activation of landscape context,and a closed-loop implementation guarantee.It focuses on exploring pathways for water quantity regulation that ensure ecological flow through multi-source water supply and internal circulation under a rigid water resource constraint system,as well as collaborative technical solutions for water quality improvement and connectivity restoration.Finally,taking the millennium-old Honghua Canal as an example,this paper elaborates on its comprehensive transformation strategy,encompassing ecological base restoration,culturally segmented narrative,and differentiated implementation demonstration.This study aims to provide a scientific,cultural,and operational reference for the renewal of urban waterfront spaces and the dynamic inheritance of irrigation engineering heritage in similar cities in the arid regions of Northwest China.

Abstract:China has established the world's largest reservoir and dam system,in which reservoirs and dams play irreplaceable roles in flood control,power generation,navigation,and water supply.However,a large number of projects constructed in the early stages feature long service life and insufficient adaptability to changes in operating environments and functional requirements.Floods exceeding design standards increase the risk of earth dam failure,while rapid urbanization poses greater potential risk to the reservoirs and dams described as"a basin of water over cities".Meanwhile,reservoir sedimentation,ecological and environmental influences,and unconventional safety risks pose severe challenges.The concepts of safe dams,ecological dams,and smart dams represent the new development philosophy for addressing the emerging challenges,possessing their inherent historical,theoretical,and practical logic.From a safety perspective,it is necessary to expand from traditional engineering safety to system safety level,and enhance risk prevention and control capacity via functional assessment,resilience improvement,and risk mitigation and reinforcement.From the ecological perspective,both engineering and non-engineering measures are required to minimize the adverse effect of projects on river ecosystems,while proactively giving play to the positive ecological benefits of reservoirs and dams,such as flood control and disaster reduction,and water-sediment regulation.From the intelligence perspective,greater efforts should be made to achieve technological breakthroughs in comprehensive perception,intelligent operation and maintenance,intelligent diagnosis,and autonomous decision-making of reservoirs and dams,and digital twin reservoir-dam systems should be established to enable the digital and intelligent management of reservoirs and dams throughout the entire life cycle.In the future,from the strategic height of ensuring national water security,it is necessary to coordinate the construction,operation,and maintenance of safe,ecological,and smart reservoirs and dams to provide a solid foundation for the construction of basin flood control projects,the development of national water networks,and the restoration of river and lake ecosystems.