Abstract:To clarify the biological characteristics and genetic background of the main cultivated varieties of Pholiota nameko in Northeast China,11 commercial varieties were selected for systematic evaluation of their agronomic and genet-ic traits through mycelial morphology observation,ISSR molecular marker analysis,and agricultural cultivation experi-ments.The results showed that the 11 P.nameko varieties exhibited good overall genetic diversity based on ISSR analysis,with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.74 dividing them into 3 clusters,among which Luo 2023 formed an independent branch.The four varieties,Zaozhuang,Luo 2023,Jihua No.1 and Rihua 199,performed outstandingly in various tests.They had a fast mycelial growth rate(≥0.42 cm.d-1),significant genetic differences,a short bag-full time(≤25 days),an early appearance time of mushroom buds(≤80 days),and a high yield in the first two tides(≥290 g·bag1).Moreover,the fruiting bodies have bright colors and strong resistance.In conclusion,these four varieties combine early-maturing,high-yielding,and environmental adaptability traits,making them suitable as key early-maturing varieties for agricultural cultivation in the low-temperature and cold regions of Northeast China.

Abstract:The substitution of biogas slurry for chemical fertilizers in asparagus production can enhance both yield and quality,while also reducing chemical fertilizers application and promoting the resource utilization of anaerobic digestion byproducts from livestock manure.This plays a crucial role in the integration crop cultivation and livestock farming.In this study,four chemical fertilizer application gradients were set up:Conventional fertilization,reduction of 20％,40％,and 80％.Within each gradient,three treatments were set up:CK,half-diluted biogas slurry application,and full strength biogas slurry application,to investigate the effects of different biogas slurry application methods under different chemical fertilizer substitution ratios on asparagus production.The results showed that the application of biogas slurry could signifi-cantly increase the yield of asparagus under different chemical fertilizer application rates,and the application of biogas slurry diluted with water was more conducive to the increase of the net vegetable rate and net vegetable yield.The applica-tion of biogas slurry could effectively increase the content of soluble sugar,protein,fat,and vitamin C in asparagus,and reduce the cellulose content.The application of biogas slurry was beneficial to alleviate soil acidification and the accumu-lation of base ions,thereby inhibiting soil salinization.The application of biogas slurry could also increase the content of soil organic matter and soil nutrient elements.In asparagus production,the application of biogas slurry diluted with water is a relatively reasonable fertilization method,and the application amount of biogas slurry is preferably 3-4 m3·667 m-2 each time.Under this condition,the application of base chemical fertilizers can be reduced by 20％-40％.

Abstract:This study utilized ginger cultivar Jinfeng No.1 as the experimental material,aiming to address the production problem of low uniformity of robust buds in ginger rhizome block seedling raising.To optimize the germination technolo-gy of cut ginger rhizomes,high-efficiency plant growth regulators in both single-agent and combined formulations were screened.Initially,six plant growth regulators were evaluated individually,those with potential synergistic effects were further formulated into binary or ternary compound combinations,resulting in 16 mixed formulations.A total of 23 treat-ments were established,including the single agents,compound combinations,and water as control,to investigate their ef-fects on germination rate,bud length,bud thickness,germination potential,and germination index of ginger rhizome blocks.The results indicated that both the application of 0.5 mg·L-1 ethephon(ETH)alone and its ternary combination with 2 mg·L-1 indoleacetic acid(IAA)and 0.2 mg·L-1 brassinolide(BR)(ETH+IAA+BR)significantly promoted bud growth.The two treatments achieved bud lengths of 13.66 and 12.68 mm,respectively,with corresponding bud thicknesses reaching 8.25 and 8.27 mm,and both attained 100％germination rate.The binary combination of thiourea and ethephon(TU+ETH)achieved 100％germination potential and a germination index of 2.50,which significantly improved the uni-formity of germination.In contrast,gibberellin(GA3)applied alone or in compound formulations exhibited inhibitory ef-fects on ginger germination,with bud lengths ranging from 3.55 to 5.42 mm and the lowest germination rate being only 66.67％.The multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method further demonstrated that the ETH+IAA+BR treatment(relative closeness coefficient:0.907)and the TU+ETH treatment(relative closeness coefficient:0.869)ranked highest,exhibiting favorable overall sprouting performance,whereas the GA3 treatment yielded a relative closeness coefficient of only 0.108,indicating a pronounced inhibitory effect.In conclusion,ethephon and its compound combinations can serve as efficient germination-promoting schemes for cut ginger rhizomes,providing scientif-ic basis and technical support for improving the rate of robust buds in ginger production.It is recommended that in pro-duction practice,priority should be given to the application of either 0.5 mg·L-1 ethephon alone or the compound combina-tion of 2 g·L-1 thiourea plus 0.5 mg·L-1 ethephon,and the use of GA3-based agents should be avoided.

Abstract:Gansu province,a leading onion-producing region in China,has capitalized on its abundant sunlight and large-scale farming to establish an industrial framework centered on the Hexi Corridor,supported by the coordinated de-velopment of multiple onion varieties.Through field research and analysis of industry data,this paper provides a systemat-ic overview of the current state of Gansu's onion industry,covering aspects such as cultivation scale,regional distribu-tion,industrial chain development,technological innovation,and brand establishment.It further examines core challenges hindering the industry's progress,including rising production costs,water resource limitations,market price volatility,con-straints in germplasm resources,and weaknesses in key segments of the industrial chain.In response,targeted countermea-sures and recommendations are proposed.The conclusion summarizes the research findings,acknowledges limitations,and suggests directions for future study.This research aims to offer theoretical insights and policy recommendations to support the sustainable and high-quality growth of the onion industry in Gansu province.

Abstract:Soil pollution is a serious threat to food security and human survival and health.Microbial remediation of soil pollution is an important manifestation of new productivity,which is the only way to improve soil fertility,maintain sus-tainable agricultural development and ensure food security in China.This paper briefly reviews the sources and hazards of soil pollution,focuses on elucidating the related remediation mechanisms of rhizosphere microbiome for soil continuous cropping obstacle pollution,organic matter pollution,heavy metal pollution,etc.,and classifies rhizosphere microbial re-mediation techniques for contaminated soil.Finally,the remediation of contaminated soil by rhizosphere microbiome was prospected from the perspectives of high-efficiency strain breeding and improvement,microbiome construction and opti-mization,and product safety evaluation,aiming to provide reference for rhizosphere microbiome remediation of contami-nated soil.

Abstract:This study investigated eight edible mushroom species from the Arshan area,analyzing their content of nine organic nutritional components,including crude protein,total sugar,and crude fat,as well as crude ash and six inorganic mineral elements.Principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of these eight mushroom species.The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the 15 nutritional components ranged from 9.45％to 114.37％.Specifically,the coefficients of variation for chlorine and starch content were 114.37％and 100.64％,respectively,indicating significant differences in nutrient content among the eight species.In the PCA,the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components reached 90.955％,representing the majority of the nutritional quality data.The comprehensive scores of the eight mushroom species ranged from-2.407 to 1.741.Among them,Calocybe gambosa achieved the highest score,indicating the best overall nutritional quality.Hypsi-zygus marmoreus,Tricholoma mongolicum,and Stropharia rugosoannulata scored between 0.083 and 1.244,denoting relatively good nutritional quality.In contrast,Pholiota nameko had the lowest score,signifying poorer nutritional quality.Cluster analysis classified the eight mushroom samples into four distinct clusters:Cluster Ⅰ contained two samples,Clus-ter Ⅱ contained four samples,Cluster Ⅲ contained one sample,and Cluster Ⅳ contained one sample.Hypsizygus mar-moreus and Calocybe gambosa were grouped together,primarily characterized by their high content of crude protein,crude fat,total fatty acids,and magnesium,identifying them as high-quality edible mushrooms.In conclusion,the results of PCA and cluster analysis were consistent,with Calocybe gambosa demonstrating the best comprehensive quality.The findings of this study provide a scientific reference for the development and enhancement of the edible mushroom indus-try in the Arshan area.

Abstract:Heat shock protein(Hsp)is a class of molecular chaperones produced by organisms under heat stress or other environmental stimuli and plays important roles in abiotic stress responses.In this study,the Hsp gene family in the Pleu-rotus ostreatus CCMSSCC00389 strain was identified by bioinformatics,and its expression patterns under heat stress were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 27 PoHsps were identified in the P.ostreatus genome and were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes.The analysis results of cis-acting elements in gene promoters show that hormone-re-sponsive cis-acting elements account for the largest proportion.Further investigation revealed that under heat stress at dif-ferent temperatures,the expression patterns of PoHsps could be broadly classified into five categories:PoHsp19 expres-sion gradually decreased with increasing temperature;PoHsp7 and PoHsp24 expression did not significantly change un-der different heat stress conditions;and the expression patterns of PoHsp2,PoHsp4,PoHsp6,and PoHsp15 presented sim-ilar expression patterns,all of which initially decreased but then increased;however,the other PoHsps gradually increased with increasing stress temperature.These findings suggest that PoHsps may have functional differences in response to var-ious stress conditions.This study provides a foundation for further functional characterization of the Hsp gene family in P.ostreatus under abiotic stress.

Abstract:To investigate the effects and ecological implications of applying biogas fertiliser on the cultivation of Amaran-thus mangostanus L.,this expreiment used,no fertilization as the control(CK)and established five biogas fertiliser appli-cation levels:0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30 L·kg-1,resulting in a total of six treatment groups.The study examined the ef-fects of different application rates on the growth,nutrient absorption,soil properties,and heavy metal content of Amaran-thus mangostanus L..The results showed that compared to CK,the biogas fertiliser application rate of 0.25 L·kg-1(BF-T4 group)significantly promoted the growth of Amaranthus mangostanus L..The total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium content in the plants increased by 13.7％,14.0％and 19.8％,respectively,all of which were the highest among the treatment groups.After applying biogas fertilizer,the proportions of soil-available Cr,As and Hg increased,while those of availble Cd and Pb decreased,none of which exceeded the soil safety limits.Biogas fertilizer enhanced the ability of Amaranthus mangostanus L.to accumulate heavy metals,with its bioconcentration factor(BCF)showing a positive cor-relation with the application rate of biogas fertilizer.This led to the total Hg content in the plant exceeding safety stan-dards,posing a safety risk.The results of logistic fitting indicated a significant positive correlation between the biogas fer-tiliser rate and TF-Cr,TF-Cd,TF-Pb,TF-As.The half cumulative effect coefficient EC50 showed that the order of influ-ence of biogas fertiliser on heavy metal absorption in the stems and leaves of Amaranthus mangostanus L.was Pb＞Cd＞Cr＞As ≥ Hg.In conclusion,the biogas fertilizer application rate of 0.25 L·kg-1 can significantly increase the biomass and nutrient content of Amaranthus mangostanus L.,contributing to the resource utilization of biogas fertilizer.However,it al-so indirectly enchances the accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground part of the plants,making it unsuitable to cultivate Amaranthus mangostanus L.in the areas contaiminated with heavy metals of Cd and Hg.

Abstract:To optimize the variety structure of facility-cultivated eggplants in northern Xinjiang and select high-yield,high-quality,and disease-resistant eggplant varieties suitable for local cultivation,this study compared five eggplant vari-eties in terms of phenological stages,growth periods,botanical traits,yield,and fruit nutritional components including solu-ble sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C,vitamin P,relative total phenol content,relative flavonoid content,and relative antho-cyanin content.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method.The results showed that Lüfeng No.1 performed the best in terms of comprehensive yield and quality,with a yield of 9 690.56 kg·667 m-2,representing a 7.98％increase compared to the control.Its in soluble sugar content(33.44 mg·g-1)and pericarp vitamin P content(1.23 mg·g-1)were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and its membership function value was 0.696 8,ranking first.Purple round eggplant had the highest single-fruit mass(377.12 g),and its pericarp relative total phenols content and anthocyanins content were the highest among the five varieties.Green round eggplant exhibited outstanding soluble protein content(3.94 mg·g-1)and pericarp vitamin C content(13.61 mg·100 g-1).Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive relationship between plant height and fruit length as well as yield,while soluble sugar exhibit-ed significant positive relationship with soluble protein content and peel vitamin C content.In conclusion,Lüfeng No.1 combines high yield and nutritional advantages,making it the primary recommended variety for facility cultivation in northern Xinjiang.Purple round eggplant serves as a functional variety to meet market demands,and Green round egg-plant holds potential for development due to its high protein content.

Abstract:In order to select superior thick-skinned melon resources,provide materials for new variety breeding,and pro-mote the sustainable development of the melon industry in Southern Xinjiang,this study conducted a comparative experi-ment on agronomic traits using 13 local cultivated thick-skinned melon resources as experimental materials.We systemati-cally investigated the phenological period,morphological characteristics,yield,and fruit quality,analyzed the differences among germplasms,and performed a comprehensive evaluation of on 18 quantitative traits.The results showed that the No.1(Xikexing)resource exhibited the shortest total growth period(approximately 110 days),and could serve as breed-ing material for early-maturing variety.The No.8(Black eyebrow Mijigan)and No.9(Kuokebairi)resources had the lon-gest total growth period(133-134 days),and are suitable as breeding material for mid-to-late maturing variety.The No.12(Wumuxiake)resource ranked first in comprehensive evaluation(mean value of 0.72),and could be used as parental ma-terial for new high-yield and stable thick-skinned melon variety.The No.6(Kalakukeqi)resource ranked second in the comprehensive evaluation(mean value of 0.64)and is suitable as the parental material for new large-fruit and high-yield thick-skinned melon variety.

Abstract:To investigate the regulatory effects of light conversion film on the temperature and light environment in green-house for late-autumn pepper production in the Dongting-Lake area,as well as its effect on pepper growth and physiology,and to evaluate its applicability during high-temperature seasons,this study used the pepper variety Changla 60 as the experimental material.Two treatments were applied:light conversion film(T)and ordinary PO film(CK).Comparative analyses were conducted on changes in greenhouse temperature and light conditions,pepper agronomic traits,and physio-logical indicators.The results showed that the light conversion film significantly increased the daily maximum tempera-ture inside the greenhouse(peak increase of 6.34 ℃),reduced the daily maximum light intensity by 53 733.7 lx,and de-creased the average daily humidity by 4.80％.However,there was no significant change in the average daily temperature,exhibiting a temperaure and light regulation characteristic of peak-temperature-increase without average-temperature-rise.Coverage with the light conversion film promoted longitudinal fruit development(fruit longitudinal diameter increased by 9.81％),but due to the offsetting effect of high-temperature stress,there was no significant improvement in single fruit mass and yield per plant.In terms of physiologyical mechanisms,light conversion film coverage cuased a dramatic in-crease of 179.07％in leaf malondialdehyde(MDA)content,indicating oxidative damage induced by high-temperature stress,while CAT acitvity did not change significantly,suggesting an inadequate response of the antioxidant defense sys-tem.This study reveals that light conversion films exacerbate heat stress inside the greenhouse during high-temperature seasons,limiting pepper yield formation.Therefore,it is not recommended to directly and solely apply such film that sig-nificantly elevate peak temperatures during high-temperature periods.Their application in high-temperature requires the integration of cooling technologies to mitigate heat damage risks,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the green-house cultivation environment for peppers in the region.

Abstract:In order to screen out the appropriate dosage indicators for reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer in greenhouse squash production in arid and cold regions,the squash variety Jinghu 1 was used as the test material,and field experiments were conducted with 7 treatments to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and yield during squash growth.The results showed that the activity of urease,catalase,alkaline phosphatase,and sucrase in the soil treated with 30％reduction in fertilizer and balanced fertilization combined with 3.0 t·hm-2 bio-organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the other six treatments,and showed a chang-ing pattern of increasing at first and then decreasing at different growth stages;The vine length,vine thickness,maximum leaf area,number of fruits per plant,yield per plant,and equivalent yield of667 m2 of squash treated with T3 were significant-ly higher than those of other treatments,which were 63.25 cm,1.85 cm,738.26 cm2,13.25,3.85 kg,and 6 845.30 kg·667 m-2,respectively.Compared with balanced fertilization,the yield of squash treated with T3 was significantly increased by 15.67％,18.59％,8.81％,24.65％,33.22％,and 33.22％,respectively;Meanwhile,the yield increase and fertilization profit of T3 treatment were the highest,at 10 596.88 Yuan·667 m-2 and 9522 Yuan·667 m-2,respectively.Different treatments can improve the quality of squash fruit and significantly reduce nitrate content with the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the increase of bio-organic fertilizer dosage.In summary,using 30％reduction in chemical fertilizers and balanced fer-tilization with 3.0 t·hm-2 bio-organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil enzyme activity,squash yield,and economic benefit,and can be promoted and applied in greenhouse of arid and cold areas.

Abstract:To clarify the wet-cold tolerance of cucumber,different cultivars from three eco-types were identified by the wet-cold hurt index and wet-cold tolerance value prediction equation method,respectively.The results showed that in the 61 cultivars,the maximum wet-cold hurt index was 0.950 and the minimum wet-cold tolerance value was 0.127,both re-fer to cultivar JD102;the minimum wet-cold hurt index was 0.103 and the maximum wet-cold tolerance value was 1.408,both refer to cultivar MN3.The greater the wet-cold hurt index,the smaller the wet-cold tolerance value,and the poorer the wet-cold tolerance of the cultivar will be.The quantitative results identified by the two methods were highly consis-tent,reflecting the wet-cold tolerance of the cultivars from different perspectives.Based on the quantitative identification results of both wet-cold hurt index and wet-cold tolerance value,all 61 cultivars can be qualitatively classified into four categories:Wet-cold sensitive type,wet-cold weak tolerant type,wet-cold medium tolerant type and wet-cold strong toler-ant type.There were 8,32,14 and 7 cultivars of the corresponding types for wet-cold hurt index classification,and 9,36,10 and 6 cultivars for wet-cold tolerance value classification,respectively.The two qualitative classification was basically consistent.The wet-cold tolerance of cucumber cultivars was related to their eco-types.In both the European greenhouse type and the North China type,there were cultivars with varying degrees of wet-cold tolerance.However,in the former,the proportion of medium tolerant and strong tolerant cultivars were relatively high.In the South China type,all were wet-cold sensitive or weak tolerant.The research results can provide a basis for the cultivar selection in cucumber cultiva-tion and the wet-cold tolerant breeding.

Abstract:Mengwushu No.12 is a new fresh-eating mid-late maturing potato cultivar bred by crossing Zhongshu 18 and Kondor.Its growth period is 92 days,with semi-erect plant type and plant height of approximately 85 cm.The stems are green with partial brownish areas,the leaves are green,and the corolla is purple.The tubers are oval-shaped with light red skin and yellow flesh,featuring shallow eyes.Tuber setting is shallow and concentrated,with an average of 7.80 tubers per plant and average tuber mass of about 187.36 g.The commercial tuber rate reaches over 85％,and the yield can exceed 3500 kg per 667 m2.In terms of quality traits,this cultivar has a dry matter content of 20.80％,protein content of 1.98％,starch content of 13.20％,vitamin C content of 16.30 mg·100 g-1,and reducing sugar content of 0.72％.It shows resistance to potato virus X(PVX)and potato virus Y(PVY).Mengwushu No.12 is suitable for spring sowing in the single-cropping agricultural ecological zone of North China,including Hohhot,Ulanqab,Baotou,Xilingol League in Inner Mongolia,Zhangjiakou in Hebei province,and Datong in Shanxi province.

Abstract:Astringency is an important trait affecting the tasting quality of cucumber.To identify ideal research materials for cucumber astringency,this study employed a sensory evaluation method to systematically analyze and compare the as-tringency intensity,stability of astringency traits,and spatial distribution of astringency intensity across different fruit re-gions in six cucumber cultivars.The results demonstrated significant variations in astringency intensity among cucumber cultivars,with H-1 and H-4 exhibiting higher levels of astringency compared to O-1,which showed relatively lower as-tringency.Furthermore,cucumbers cultivated in the spring season consistently displayed a higher astringency index(the intensity of cucumber astringency)than those grown in autumn,as evidenced by the measured values.The analysis of the range,standard deviation,and coefficient of variation(CV)of the astringency index revealed that the lowest range was 37.5(spring)and 47.5(autumn)among the six cucumber cultivars,with the lowest standard deviation observed at 11.49(spring)and 11.46(autumn).Most cultivars exhibited coefficients of variation exceeding 20％.Among them,H-3 had con-sistently high value for all three variability parameters,suggesting low stability of its astringency trait.In the spring sea-son,except for O-1 and N-1,no significant differences were observed between the mean astringency indices of May and June.In the autumn season,the mean astringency indices of all cultivars also showed no significant differences between October and November.However,single fruits harvested at 3-5 days intervals displayed varying degrees of fluctuation,with H-3 showing particularly pronounced variation.Except for H-4,the calyx segment astringency index of cucumbers was significantly lower than the peduncle segment,and the indices at the two segments were positively correlated.In sum-mary,substantial differences exist among cucumber cultivars in astringency intensity,stability,and variability.Under the conditions of this study,O-1 and N-1 exhibited stable low-astringency characteristics,H-1 and H-4 showed consistently high astringency,while H-3 displayed the highest variability.These findings provide a foundation for evaluating cucum-ber astringency quality and selecting materials for astringency-related breeding.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of different Bacillus strains and their combined microbial agents with water-soluble fertilizer on the growth,yield,and quality of Chinese cabbage,this experiment used the variety Degao CR117 as the test material and adopted a pot experiment method.Eight treatments were established:No fertilizer(CK),water-soluble fertil-izer without bacteria(CF),water-soluble fertilizer with B.sub tilis(A),water-soluble fertilizer with B.licheniformis(B),water-soluble fertilizer with B.amyloliquefaciens(C),water-soluble fertilizer with B.megaterium(D),water-soluble fer-tilizer with B.mucilaginosus(E),and water-soluble fertilizer combined with a mixture of five Bacillus strains(F).The re-sults showed that compared with the water-soluble fertilizer without bacteria,the application of water-soluble fertilizer containing the five-strain compound(F)significantly improved plant growth and yield of Chinese cabbage,with plant height,canopy diameter,root mass,root length,and yield increasing by 9.33％,6.28％,17.54％,19.41％,and 8.57％,re-spectively.In terms of quality,the fertilizer containing the five-strain compound(F)increased the protein and vitamin con-tent by 5.19％and 29.44％,respectively.The water-soluble fertilizer containing B.amyloliquefaciens(C)mcreased the sol-uble sugar content by 185.96％,while the fertilizer with B.gelatini(E)reduced the organic acid content by 40％.Regard-ing soil indicators,the application of water-soluble fertilizer with the five-strain compound(F)increased the bacterial pop-ulation and organic matter content by 8.57％and 17.65％,respectively.The fertilizer containing B.amyloliquefaciens(C)improved soil total nitrogen utilization efficiency by 57.14％,and The ertilizer containing B.licheniformis(B)improved soil available phosphorus and available potassium content by 17.19％and 7.79％,respectively.In conclusion,the wa-ter-soluble fertilizer with the five-strain compound demonstrated significant advantages in promoting Chinese cabbage growth,improving quality,and enhancing soil properties,while different single Bacillus strains inoculants in water-solu-ble fertilizers also exhibited their respective strengths in specific indicators.

Abstract:Jucheng Qingp is a new thin-skinned melon cultivar developed by crossing inbred line KT135 as female parent and KT152 as male parent.The whole growth period is 85 days and the fruit maturity period is 25 days under the management mode of open-field creeping cultivation in spring in Henan province.This cultivar demonstrates excellent early maturity.The plant exhibits vigorous and stable growth,with strong tolerance to low temperature and weak light during the seedling stage.It shows excellent fruit-setting ability.The cultivar has a rod-shaped fruit with light green skin,white flesh and white core.The smooth surface and aesthetically pleasing appearance contribute to high marketability.The single fruit mass is about 1.2 kg and the average yield per 667 m2 is about 3500 kg.There are about 330 seeds per melon,which are small and yellowish-white in color.The central soluble solids content of fruit is 5％,delivering a crisp and refreshing taste.It is suitable for fresh consumption,cold mixing,pickling,and stir-frying.This cultivar is suitable for spring cultivation in Henan province and similar ecological regions.

Abstract:To investigate the physiological regulatory mechanism of salt stress on pumpkin growth and development,two pumpkin lines(360-3 and 20-8)with significantly different salt tolerance were used as experimental materials.A seed-ling-stage salt stress experiment was conducted to systematically analyze their physiological response characteristics.Three NaCl treatment concentrations of 0,200,and 300 mmol·L-1 were applied to examine the effects of salt stress on seedling growth,physiological metabolism,and antioxidant enzyme activity.The results showed that with the increase of NaCl concentration,the seedling height of both lines decreased significantly,with a greater reduction observed in 20-8.The relative water content(RWC)of leaves and dry fresh mass decreased with the increase of salt concentration;However,RWC in the salt-tolerant line 360-3 remained stable and was significantly better than that of 20-8.Salt stress aggravated cell membrane damage,and the relative electrical conductivity of the two pumpkin materials increased significantly with the increase of salt concentration.In the response to antioxidant enzyme activity,under the treatment of 300 mmol·L-1 Na-Cl,the activity of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase in 360-3 were significantly increased by 230.91％,284.72％,and 40.82％,respectively,compared with the control,which were substantially higher than 103.03％,24.96％,and 22.89％of 20-8,respectively.The hydrogen peroxide content of the two materials under 300 mmol·L-1 NaCl in-creased by 37.07％and 39.95％,respectively,indicating that salt-tolerant line 360-3 more effectively alleviates oxidative damage through its antioxidant system.In conclusion,line 360-3 exhibits stronger salt tolerance than 20-8,mainly due to its superior water retention capacity and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress.

Abstract:To investigate the genetic variation in agronomic traits of melon germplasm resources,screen high-quality germplasm,as well as offer a reference basis for gene mining and germplasm innovation,this study systematically evaluat-ed 19 main agronomic traits using 22 cultivated varieties as test materials,and conducted variability,correlation,principal component,and cluster analyses.The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the major agronomic traits of 22 melon varieties ranged from 0.19％to 36.20％,with the highest variation observed in the node of the female flower(36.20％),followed by the node of the male flower(32.63％).Correlations were widely observed among the agronomic traits,with a significant positive correlation between the sugar content of the melon heart and the sugar content of the mel-on flesh,and single fruit mass exhibiting significant positive correlations with fruit diameter,fruit length,flesh thickness,and seed cavity length.Principal component analysis categorized the 19 traits into several components,with the first 3 principal components cumulatively explaining 60.798 81％of the total variation.The first principal component included plant height,male and female node positions,fruit length,and seed cavity length.The second principal component includ-ed fruit diameter,flesh thickness,and single fruit mass.The third principal component included chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen content.Cluster analysis at a genetic distance of 0.005 grouped the 22 materials into three groups.The first group mainly consisted of medium-to-large sized,white skinned,netted melon varieties.The second group inclued large-fruited,yellow-skinned varieties.The third group comprised medium-fruited,green-skinned,yellow-fleshed netted melon varieties.Most of the materials within each group exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics,demonstrating sig-nificant breeding potential.

Abstract:Through the determination of appearance and internal quality indicators of 47 turnip germplasm resources from different provinces,along with correlation analysis and principal component analysis,this research aims to provide a solid reference for the screening,utilization of turnip germplasm resources,and subsequent breeding efforts.The results reveal that there are highly significant differences in internal quality among various turnip germplasm resources,the coefficient of variation ranges from 3.53％to 382.05％,among which the coefficient of variation of anthocyanin content is the largest and that of water content is the smallest.The comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method indicates that W 50 exhibits the best performance,attaining the highest score of 3.87.Following W 50 are W 2,W 52,and W 17.In contrast,W 47,W 25,W 44,and W 34 demonstrate relatively poor comprehensive performance.Regarding turnips with different skin colors of fleshy roots,there are discrepancies in anthocyanin,flavonoid,total phenol,vitamin C,saponin,or-ganic acid,water content,and dry matter content.The comprehensive quality shows the following order:All-purple=all-red＞green-white=green-yellow＞purple-white＞all-white.For turnips with different flesh colors of fleshy roots,differ-ences exist in anthocyanin,flavonoid,total phenol,and saponin content.The comprehensive quality is ranked as:Pur-ple-white flesh＞yellow flesh＞white flesh.The findings of this study establish a fundamental basis for the screening of tur-nip germplasm resources and the breeding of new variety.