Abstract:To address the issue of inadequate dust control in fully mechanized excavation faces using traditional long-pressure short-pumping ventilation systems,a novel long-pressure short-pumping ventilation and dust removal system based on an air-splitting device is proposed.This system utilizes the energy distribution mechanism of the air-splitting device to create a gradient pressure field with positive pressure at the tail end and negative pressure at the heading face,generating a directional advancing airflow.This approach overcomes the limitations of the traditional pressure-to-pumping ratio,enabling efficient dust control under operating conditions with a pressure-to-pumping ratio greater than 1.By constructing a three-dimensional roadway numerical model combined with Fluent software simulation and field measurements,the influence mechanism of the air-splitting device on pressure field distribution and dust transport is systematically analyzed.The gas-solid coupling process is simulated using an Eulerian multiphase flow model with heterogeneous phases and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model.A mathematical model for the splitting ratio incorporating a modified Bernoulli equation is established,and the dust control effectiveness under five pressure-to-pumping ratio conditions is comprehensively evaluated using the entropy weight method.The results show that the new system reduces the dust concentration in the rear section of the roadway from 116.5 mg/m3 to 8.3 mg/m3.Under the condition of a 5∶4 pressure-to-pumping ratio(700 m3/min forced air/560 m3/min exhaust),the dust removal efficiency reaches 96.5%,the dust concentration at the operator's position decreases by 59.81%,and the evaluation weight from the entropy weight method is the highest at 22.2%.Pressure field simulations confirm that this operating condition suppresses dust agglomeration by eliminating vortex and Kármán vortex street phenomena.

Abstract:The haulage roadway of 232206 working face in Meihuajing Coal Mine was near a fault.Under the combined effects of mining-induced stress and fault tectonic stress,the roadway was prone to deformation and failure,with surrounding rock deformation exhibiting significant differences across various stages.To address this issue,UDEC numerical simulation was first employed to investigate the reasonable width of the fault protective coal pillar,revealing the characteristics and patterns of fault activation under different coal pillar widths.When the fault protective coal pillar width is less than 50 m,mining of 232206 working face induces fault activation.As the coal pillar width decreases,the vertical displacement near the fault gradually increases while its range decreases,indicating that the fault activation becomes more pronounced and occurs at a lower position.Compared with a 30 m fault protective coal pillar,the vertical stress at the fault zone is reduced by 34.5%when a 60 m pillar is retained.Subsequently,the cusp catastrophe theory was applied to reveal the relationship between the plastic zone of the fault protective coal pillar and its width.It was found that the reasonable fault protective coal pillar size is achieved when the ratio of pillar width to the unilateral yield zone width reaches 1.5.Based on field data,the calculated reasonable fault protective coal pillar width is 51.66 m.Finally,based on the investigation of roadway deformation patterns under different fault coal pillar widths,a control technical scheme for the haulage roadway of 232206 working face was designed using the pressure-relief and support synergy concept.A controlled experiment was conducted to verify the control technology.Monitoring data from measuring points in both the test section and the control section show that the surrounding rock deformation control effect is remarkable,with an average deformation reduction of 58.55%.

Abstract:To investigate the stability and control technology of surrounding rock in gob-side entry retaining in paste backfilling working faces,we took the CT301 backfilling face in a mine in the Ordos mining area as an engineering case,and employed theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and field industrial tests.Firstly,based on the equivalent mining height theory,the overburden movement characteristics of paste-backfilled gob-side entry retaining were analyzed.A roof mechanical model was established based on the Winkler elastic foundation beam assumption,clarifying that the backfill compaction rate is a key controllable factor affecting roof deflection,and that increasing the compaction rate effectively enhances the support effect of the backfill on the overburden.Secondly,FLAC3D numerical simulation was used to study the surrounding rock deformation and mine pressure behavior in gob-side entry retaining in the paste backfilling face.Finally,a comprehensive control technology system of"bolt-mesh-cable primary support+portal-type support for local coordinated reinforcement"was proposed.In the field application,this technology effectively controlled the roadway surrounding rock deformation,the maximum roof-to-floor and two sides deformation stabilized at approximately 190 mm and 140 mm,respectively,demonstrating significant control effectiveness for the retained entry.

Abstract:During the driving process of deep coal roadways,high in-situ stress conditions readily induce disasters such as coal bursts,roof falls,and rib spalling.Accurate positioning and monitoring serve as the prerequisite and foundation for disaster prevention and control.Taking a deep driving coal roadway in Zhaozhuang Coal Mine as the engineering background,a high-sensitivity,high-frequency microseismic positioning and monitoring system was established.To address the challenge of identifying complex and weak microseismic signals induced by coal roadway driving,a denoising algorithm integrating unsupervised deep learning and an attention mechanism was introduced,achieving adaptive suppression of broadband noise.Based on an improved extreme learning machine(ELM)intelligent algorithm,accurate and efficient identification of weak microseismic signals was realized.Time-frequency characteristics of three typical microseismic waveforms,including low-energy events,stress anomalies,and coal bursts,were analyzed in depth using the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT)time-frequency analysis method.On this basis,source location and microseismic monitoring response patterns for coal burst events induced by stress anomalies were investigated.The coupling relationship between the microseismic monitoring response characteristics of"precursor rise-peak mutation-attenuation stabilization"and the dynamic evolution process of surrounding rock"stress accumulation-coal burst occurrence-stress release"during driving was revealed.

Abstract:To address the challenges posed by the high cost and substantial sludge volume of conventional lime neutralization methods for acid mine water(AMD)with elevated iron content,a synergistic biological-chemical resource treatment process based on immobilized Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was developed.The application of carrier immobilization technology enhanced biological oxidation efficiency,with the Fe2+oxidation rate reaching 250 mg/(L·h)and an oxidation efficiency of 99%under conditions of 30℃,a gas-to-water ratio of 150∶1,and a hydraulic retention time of 3.5 hours,which led to stable and highly efficient oxidation of the influent Fe2+concentration of 797 mg/L.The stepwise precipitation method was then adopted for the selective recovery of iron resources,with the pH level of 3.5～4.0 being regulated by NaOH.The precipitation product was analyzed by XRF,which showed that the quality of Fe2 O3 accounts for 93%of the total.The residual pollutants met the standard after secondary neutralization and precipitation.The integration of biological oxidation and stepwise precipitation technology within this process established a closed-loop system for pollution control and resource recovery,thereby providing a sustainable solution for the efficient recovery and eco-friendly management of iron resources in high iron-containing AMD.

Abstract:The strong dynamic loads generated by the fracture of hard roofs during face mining and the superposition of high stress from great depth are primary triggers for rockbursts.To investigate the effect of backfill mining on controlling these loads at their source,we employed theoretical calculations and field monitoring to examine the evolution of roof fracture height and the distribution characteristics of abutment pressure under varying backfill compaction rates.A classified prevention and control technology for rockbursts specific to backfill mining was proposed and applied at a deep hard roof face in Gucheng Coal Mine,with the prevention effectiveness verified through field microseismic monitoring.The results indicate that an optimal backfill compaction rate exists for backfill mining faces.After reaching this optimal rate,the movement pattern of the hard roof shifts from periodic fracturing to bending subsidence,significantly reducing the dynamic loads from roof fractures.The decrease in roof fracture height also leads to a reduction in the peak abutment pressure.At the 1123 working face of Gucheng Coal Mine,where the optimal compaction rate was not initially achieved,measures including pre-split blasting of the hard roof,roof coal support,high-pressure grouting of thick roof coal,and large-diameter boreholes were implemented.In contrast,at the 1#working face,which reached the optimal compaction rate,roof-cutting blasting for pressure relief was eliminated,retaining only large-diameter boreholes in the coal mass and pressure relief measures in specific areas.After implementing these measures,the compaction rate at the 1123 working face gradually increased from 70%to 90%,and the occurrence of microseismic events in the roof transitioned from"low-frequency,high-energy"to"high-frequency,low-energy".While that in the 1#working face exhibited"low-frequency,low-energy".

Abstract:To reveal the dynamic response characteristics of a roadway roof under mining-induced seismicity,a simplified dynamic response model of the strata-support system under impact disturbance was established to study the dynamic response of rock strata at different positions under various conditions.The influence of impact disturbance,segmented rock layers,and changes in stiffness at different positions on the dynamic response of rock strata under conventional support was analyzed.The variations in rock strata dynamic response when using energy-dissipating support and after changes in damping were also discussed.The results show that the peak displacement of the rock strata response is proportional to the square root of the disturbance energy and linearly related to the initial velocity of the top layer.After subdividing the fine sandstone block above the coal seam into 7 segments,the peak displacement responses of m1 and ms decreased by 32.3%and 34.0%,respectively.Increasing ki to 5 times and ks to 25 times the original values reduced the peak displacements of m1,ms,and m7 by 60.5%,68.4%,and 81.1%,respectively.Using an energy-dissipating support with cs=212.5×105 N/(m·s-1)and increasing ci to 5 times the original value shortened the dynamic response time of the rock strata to 1.35 s.Therefore,reasonably modifying the rock strata structure,increasing support stiffness,and adopting energy-dissipating support can effectively reduce the dynamic response of rock strata induced by mining seismicity and enhance strata stability.

Abstract:Ash content detection of coal slime flotation tailings is a crucial aspect of flotation process intelligence.To enhance the accuracy and stability of ash content detection in flotation tailings and address the susceptibility to failure of ash prediction methods based solely on surface slurry images in complex coal preparation plants,this paper presents the design of a novel image acquisition device inspired by the hand movements of on-site operators.The core of this device is an anthropomorphic motion module driven by dual motors.Its design adheres to the fourth strength theory of material mechanics and employs maximum deflection as the criterion for verifying structural strength and rigidity.Motion optimization is achieved using quintic polynomial S-curve velocity planning to ensure mechanical integrity,operational smoothness,and impact reduction.The device integrates an image acquisition module comprising a CCD camera and a ball screw feed system to capture images of both the slurry surface and settled solids.It also incorporates a conveying pipeline,an oil film removal module,and a sample retention bucket.The oil film removal module exploits the density difference between slurry and oil film for preliminary separation,followed by residual oil film removal via airflow.An experimental platform was constructed for validation,and comparative tests with manual operations were conducted.The experiments demonstrate that the device can stably capture images of the tailings slurry surface and sediments,with a rational structural design and performance superior to manual operations.

Abstract:The transparent working face model serves as a core prerequisite for safe and efficient coal mine production,holding critical significance for achieving precise coal mining and enhancing geological assurance capabilities.Taking the I030903 working face of Qipanjing Coal Mine as the research object,we focus on the transparent working face model construction system and adaptive technologies for intelligent mining.Firstly,the independently developed TIM-3D(Transparent Intelligent Mine-3D)three-dimensional geological modeling system is elaborated.Relying on a true 3D modeling engine,the system integrates core technologies such as multi-source data fusion,Discrete Smooth Interpolation(DSI),and spatial mesh generation,possessing capabilities for rapid modeling of complex geological bodies,cross-platform data interaction,and seamless connection with Geographic Information Systems(GIS).Simultaneously,the TIN-GTP(Triangulated Irregular Network-Generalized Triangular Prism)algorithm and implicit iterative modeling technique are proposed,effectively resolving elevation conflict challenges in the precise modeling of reverse faults.Based on these technologies,the TIM-3D system is utilized to construct the transparent working face model,which clearly visualizes the spatial morphology and distribution patterns of strata,rock layers,coal seams,and structures within a 30-meter range above and below the No.9 coal seam.The model enables bidirectional exchange of information with the shearer,armored face conveyor,and hydraulic supports.Through a deep reinforcement learning algorithm(DQN-NAF),cutting trajectories are generated and dynamically optimized,forming a closed-loop control process for intelligent mining,thereby significantly improving mining efficiency and safety.Future research will deepen focus on real-time IoT monitoring,optimization of machine learning algorithms,and the construction of an intelligent decision-support platform to further advance the intelligence level coal industry.

Abstract:To address the difficulties in fully running screen pipes and the diameter limitations encountered during the drilling of bedding gas extraction boreholes in soft coal seams,a large-diameter back reaming combined with screen pipe installation technology for extraction boreholes in mining faces was proposed,drawing on the technical characteristics of raise boring in underground excavation engineering and considering the operational conditions of bedding drilling in working faces.Based on the technological features of large-diameter back reaming combined with screen pipe installation,a corresponding back reaming bit was developed.Field tests were conducted at the 20603 working face in Jinyan Coal Mine,where two Φ250 mm large-diameter extraction boreholes were successfully constructed,achieving full-length borehole protection with Φ180 mm PVC large-diameter screen pipes in bedding boreholes.Field practice demonstrates that the large-diameter back reaming combined with screen pipe installation technology for extraction boreholes in mining faces can achieve the goals of"large-diameter borehole formation and large-diameter screen pipe borehole protection,"effectively improving the extraction performance of bedding boreholes.This technology provides a new approach for large-diameter gas extraction borehole construction and borehole protection,offering an innovative solution for efficient gas extraction in soft coal seam working faces.

Abstract:To address the technical challenges in steeply inclined coal seam mining,such as complex roadway layout,extensive underground excavation,and low production efficiency,an intensive mining scheme was designed for Baiyanzi Mine in Gansu Province.Based on the coal seam occurrence characteristics and adhering to the principle of site-specific adaptation,an intensive roadway layout system was innovatively proposed.By optimizing the industrial site location,development scheme,and selecting proven fully mechanized mining technology with matching equipment,an efficient and intensive mining system was constructed.The multi-scheme comparison and system integration method was employed to reduce underground excavation volume and construction investment.After commissioning,the mine exhibited modern operational features characterized by"streamlined personnel,outstanding production efficiency,advanced technical equipment,and significant economic benefits".This design provides a technically feasible and economically reasonable engineering model for the safe and efficient mining of steeply inclined coal seams,offering important reference for the large-scale development of similar coal seams.

Abstract:To reveal the synergistic evolution mechanism of deformation,seepage,and electrical response in coal under complex mining conditions,a high-temperature and high-pressure triaxial seepage testing system was employed.Three mining stress paths with axial loading to confining pressure unloading ratios(load-unload ratios)of 2.5∶2,3∶2,and 3.5∶2 were designed.The dynamic evolution of deformation,permeability,and resistivity in bituminous coal and anthracite under these paths was investigated.The results show that:(1)The stress loading-unloading gradient ratio significantly influences the effective stress distribution and fracture propagation behavior of coal.Due to its layered structure and open pore characteristics,the strain increment of bituminous coal reached 41.32%～52.08%in the low confining pressure stage,with the peak strain increasing as the gradient ratio increased.For anthracite,with its dense structure due to high coalification rank,brittle fracture was activated after the critical stress,and the rate of strain surge was 16.24%higher than that of bituminous coal,exhibiting a nonlinear deformation response.(2)The permeability of anthracite was more sensitive to mining disturbance.Under the high load-unload ratio path(3.5∶2),the permeability increase reached 7.4 times,significantly higher than that of bituminous coal,indicating that a high load-unload ratio can significantly improve the seepage capacity of anthracite by intensifying fracture propagation.(3)Resistivity evolution sensitively reflects the damage accumulation process in coal.Under mining conditions,the resistivity of both coal types exhibited an exponential evolution trend.Notably,upon failure,the resistivity surge in anthracite reached 510%,far exceeding the 113%surge in bituminous coal,revealing the mechanism of sudden energy release due to fracture coalescence stemming from its brittle energy storage characteristics.In contrast,the resistivity change in bituminous coal was dominated by pore connectivity,with an increase of 110%under the 3∶2 load-unload ratio path,validating its effectiveness as a precursor information for disasters.The findings elucidate the synergistic mechanism of stress evolution and coal type differences on the seepage-electrical properties of coal under mining conditions,providing a theoretical basis for dynamic disaster warning,gas drainage,and coalbed methane development.

Abstract:Rock slopes in open-pit coal mines are subjected to the long-term synergistic effects of freeze-thaw cycles and cyclic loading-unloading.To further understand the impact of freeze-thaw weathering on sandstone damage from an energy analysis perspective,staged cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens subjected to 0,20,40,and 60 freeze-thaw cycles.The freeze-thaw damage to the specimens was quantified using the wave velocity reduction rate and the porosity growth rate.The energy density per cycle and acoustic emission energy during the cyclic loading-unloading tests were then calculated and analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The damage to the red sandstone intensified with increasing freeze-thaw cycles.After 60 cycles,the wave velocity decreased by 50.83%and the porosity increased by 34.75%.(2)The fatigue stress-strain curves of the red sandstone specimens exhibited a"sparse-dense-sparse"trend.The fatigue strength decreased from 80 MPa for the unfrozen-thawed state to 40 MPa after 60 freeze-thaw cycles.(3)The total energy density and elastic energy density of the red sandstone specimens showed a"step-like"increase with rising cyclic loading-unloading levels.Prior to fatigue failure,the majority of the input energy was converted into elastic energy,while the dissipation energy fluctuated within a relatively small range.(4)The characteristics of the acoustic emission energy time series can effectively characterize the failure process of red sandstone under the synergistic action of freeze-thaw cycles and cyclic loading-unloading.The overall level of acoustic emission energy increased sharply before the instability and failure of the red sandstone occurred.(5)Pre-existing damage induced by freeze-thaw cycles exacerbated microcrack propagation in the red sandstone specimens during the initial stages of cyclic loading-unloading,making damage accumulation more prone to occur.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for assessing and preventing the long-term stability of red sandstone slopes in open-pit coal mines located in cold regions.

Abstract:To address the challenge of balancing detection performance and real-time capability under complex factors in coal mine environments,such as noise,multi-scale targets,and occlusion,we proposed a lightweight and high-precision foreign object detection method for underground conveyor belts based on an improved YOLOv11.Firstly,building upon YOLOv11,a dynamic convolution module integrating multi-path channel attention(DCNv2-Dynamic)was introduced to replace the standard convolutions in the C3k2 blocks of the backbone network,enhancing the capture of critical features in complex scenes.Secondly,a 160×160 detection layer was added to strengthen small object perception,while the redundant 20×20 output layer was removed to reduce computational load.Furthermore,a Separate and Enhance Attention Module(SEAM)was embedded into the detection heads to mitigate the information loss caused by occlusion.Experimental results show that the improved model achieves significant performance gains,achieving a 3.7%improvement in mAP50 and a 10.8%improvement in mAP50:95,alongside a 26.2%reduction in computational cost and a 21.8%reduction in model size,thereby establishing an efficient and reliable solution for foreign object detection in underground coal mine conveyor belts.

Abstract:During the final mining stage of a working face,the advance abutment pressure ahead of a fully mechanized face continuously exerts adverse effects on the adjacent main roadway,leading to stress concentration in the surrounding rock and increasing the risk of instability.Therefore,taking the 22104 working face of Yaping Coal Mine in Shanxi as an engineering case,we first analyzed the roof fracturing distance and the characteristics of the overburden structure based on the key stratum theory.Then,we applied FLAC3D to simulate the deformation and failure process of the surrounding rock in the main roadway under the progressive influence of face mining,enabling a reduction of the protective coal pillar width to approximately 55 m.To provide sufficient safety redundancy,a combined pressure-relief and grouting reinforcement technology was proposed,consisting of"excavating a separate pressure-relief roadway and pre-grouting reinforcement on both sides."This approach simultaneously achieves pressure relief through the excavated roadway and reinforcement of the coal-rock mass for pressure control,thereby improving the stress environment around the main roadway.The deformation and failure of the main roadway under both"pressure-relief only"and"combined pressure-relief and grouting"conditions were simulated.The results show that this reinforcement technology can effectively reduce the risk of instability in the main roadway surrounding rock.The proposed scheme was implemented on-site,which maintained the main roadway stability three months after the working face stopped mining,demonstrating favorable application results.

Abstract:Water hazard accidents are among the major disaster types in coal mine production.Although certain knowledge and technologies have been accumulated for coal mine water hazard prevention,deficiencies remain in deep data mining,systematic application of empirical knowledge,and intelligent decision support.To ensure safe production in coal mines and enhance the informatization and intelligence levels of water hazard prevention,control,and rescue,we systematically review the technical architecture of intelligent early warning systems and decision support systems for coal mine water hazards based on knowledge graphs.The construction of a coal mine water hazard knowledge graph primarily involves two core components:ontology and relationship extraction based on the BiLSTM-CRF model,and the establishment of a graph database.Building upon the graph database,an intelligent question-answering system integrating naive Bayes-based question classification,question parsing,and graph database querying is designed,enabling real-time and efficient retrieval of coal mine water hazard accident cases.Furthermore,a framework for an intelligent early warning platform for coal mine water hazards is constructed,encompassing the physical layer,transmission layer,data processing layer,and application layer.The integration methods of the knowledge graph with text libraries,model libraries,and on-site monitoring data are analyzed in depth.A comprehensive decision support system is formed,covering data acquisition and analysis,decision support solution generation,and real-time generation of emergency response plans.The research findings provide a theoretical reference for further enhancing the informatization and intelligence levels of coal mine water hazard prevention,control,and emergency rescue.

Abstract:To address the reliance of shearer gearbox oil maintenance on manual experience and the difficulty of quantitatively evaluating multi-feature data,a multi-feature data-driven oil maintenance decision system is developed,which extracts 14 characteristic parameters from lubricant temperature,physicochemical indicators,and ferrography data.And three key technologies are proposed:a wear trend recognition method based on Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),which captures temporal dependencies using sliding windows;a wear stage classification method based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(Bi-GRU),which learns bidirectional temporal relationships of features;and a fault analysis and recommendation approach combining three-level quantitative scaling and hierarchical logical reasoning,establishing correlations between degradation parameters and maintenance suggestions.Testing shows that the RNN-based wear trend recognition accuracy reaches 90.7%,and the Bi-GRU-based wear stage classification accuracy is 91.49%.Field validation results align with expert assessments.Additionally,bench tests demonstrate the system's generalization capability.The developed system effectively integrates multi-source heterogeneous data,enabling intelligent identification of wear status,fault analysis,and maintenance recommendations for shearer reducers,significantly reducing reliance on manual experience and enhancing the objectivity and reliability of maintenance decisions.

Abstract:Coal direct liquefaction pitch is a solid product obtained from the hydrogenation liquefaction of coal.Characterized by high aromaticity,high carbon content,and a tendency to undergo polymerization or cross-linking,it is an excellent precursor for preparing various high-value-added carbon materials due to its wide application potential and high economic value.This paper introduces the source,chemical composition,and macromolecular structure characteristics of coal direct liquefaction pitch,compares it with coal tar pitch,and reviews its purification and various modification methods.The research progress in utilizing coal direct liquefaction pitch for the preparation of broad carbon materials is also systematically elaborated,including developments in modified pitch,carbon fibers,needle coke,porous carbon materials,and energy storage materials.Furthermore,key performance indicators and limiting factors in its applications are discussed,and the future prospects for the utilization of coal direct liquefaction pitch are outlined.

Abstract:With the increasing depth of coal resource exploitation in China,the limitations of traditional shaft construction methods in terms of efficiency and safety have become increasingly evident.Focusing on a cutting-type shaft boring machine,we systematically analyzed the influence of the effects of cutting drum rotation speed,traction speed,and milling depth on cutting loads,power,and specific energy consumption using finite element dynamic simulation.Additionally,the rock-breaking characteristics of pick cutters and shell cutters in hard rock with boulder formations were compared.The results indicate that the horizontal and vertical cutting loads decrease with higher rotation speed,while cutting power and specific energy consumption increase significantly.Increasing traction speed leads to linear growth in load and power,but specific energy consumption peaks at a traction speed of 23 mm/s.Deeper milling reduces specific energy consumption but requires balancing the impact of load fluctuations on equipment lifespan.Therefore,appropriately reducing rotation speed,lowering traction speed,and increasing milling depth can significantly optimize specific energy consumption.In hard rock with boulder formations,shell cutters effectively isolate boulders and reduce load impact,while conventional picks are more efficient in pure hard rock.

Abstract:Conventional protection solutions centered on hardware-based detection devices and passive defense mechanisms exhibit significant limitations including high intrusiveness,delayed response,and insufficient traceability,making it difficult to meet the dual security requirements of high real-time performance and high stability in coal mine industrial control systems.To overcome the bottlenecks of traditional protection technologies,this paper explores the application of digital twin technology in the field of coal mine industrial control network security.Firstly,the current security status of coal mine industrial control networks is systematically reviewed,and the applicability and potential advantages of digital twin technology in industrial control network security are analyzed in conjunction with research progress on digital twin models.Secondly,an experimental environment is established based on the OpenPLC platform,and empirical tests are conducted in attack-defense confrontation scenarios targeting security vulnerabilities of the Modbus protocol to validate the actual protective efficacy of digital twin technology.Finally,based on experimental data and actual conditions in coal mine industrial sites,the main challenges faced by digital twin technology in practical deployment are thoroughly discussed,and its future development pathways are identified.This study not only verifies the effectiveness and practical value of digital twin technology in coal mine industrial control network security attack-defense scenarios,but also systematically identifies key issues in on-site deployment of this technology,clarifying core directions for subsequent research and development.Thus,it provides a reference technical path for the engineering application and promotion of digital twin technology in the field of coal mine industrial control network security.