Research on high-efficiency dust control technology with an air-splitting device

LIU Xingle; TIAN Xianghong; SHANGGUAN Liangliang; MENG Xiangbao; ZHANG Quanming; LIANG Yuanjian; LIU Liu

doi:10.11799/ce202602014

Abstract：To address the issue of inadequate dust control in fully mechanized excavation faces using traditional long-pressure short-pumping ventilation systems,a novel long-pressure short-pumping ventilation and dust removal system based on an air-splitting device is proposed.This system utilizes the energy distribution mechanism of the air-splitting device to create a gradient pressure field with positive pressure at the tail end and negative pressure at the heading face,generating a directional advancing airflow.This approach overcomes the limitations of the traditional pressure-to-pumping ratio,enabling efficient dust control under operating conditions with a pressure-to-pumping ratio greater than 1.By constructing a three-dimensional roadway numerical model combined with Fluent software simulation and field measurements,the influence mechanism of the air-splitting device on pressure field distribution and dust transport is systematically analyzed.The gas-solid coupling process is simulated using an Eulerian multiphase flow model with heterogeneous phases and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model.A mathematical model for the splitting ratio incorporating a modified Bernoulli equation is established,and the dust control effectiveness under five pressure-to-pumping ratio conditions is comprehensively evaluated using the entropy weight method.The results show that the new system reduces the dust concentration in the rear section of the roadway from 116.5 mg/m3 to 8.3 mg/m3.Under the condition of a 5∶4 pressure-to-pumping ratio(700 m3/min forced air/560 m3/min exhaust),the dust removal efficiency reaches 96.5%,the dust concentration at the operator's position decreases by 59.81%,and the evaluation weight from the entropy weight method is the highest at 22.2%.Pressure field simulations confirm that this operating condition suppresses dust agglomeration by eliminating vortex and Kármán vortex street phenomena.