Abstract:To address the demand for backfilling mine goafs and realize the synergistic resource utilization of solid wastes such as iron tailings and construction waste,cemented recycled aggregate backfill(RAFB)was prepared by modifying ce-ment-tailings grout(CTG)with microfines of manufactured sand(MMS).Through uniaxial compression tests and real-time monitoring using acoustic emission(AE)technology,the mechanical properties and damage evolution process of RAFB under different solid mass fractions and water-cement ratios(W/C)were systematically analyzed.The results show that the compressive strength of RAFB mainly depends on the mechanical properties and groutability of CTG.The AE parameters(ring count,energy,b-value,AF value,and RA value)exhibit an obvious time-varying response law to stress development,which can effectively characterize the damage evolution of RAFB.The failure process of RAFB can be di-vided into four stages:compaction,elasticity,plastic yielding,and failure.The evolution of its damage variable presents two-stage characteristics(slow growth and rapid growth)and finally converges to complete failure.Analysis based on AF and RA values indicates that the failure of the backfill is dominated by the tensile mode,and as the W/C increases,the pro-portion of tensile failure increases from 68.3%to 75.6%.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the engineer-ing application and damage early warning of MMS-modified backfill.

Abstract:Rockburst in deep surrounding rock represents one of the key scientific challenges hindering the advancement of deep mine.Its occurrence is intrinsically linked to the stress state and loading path within the rock mass.For the initial stress state prior to excavation,any subsequent stress changes induced by excavation activities constitute dynamic disturb-ances.Consequently,deep surrounding rock fundamentally experiences a"high stress+dynamic disturbance"loading re-gime.Building on this concept,this analysis categorizes and summarizes global laboratory simulations of roadway rock-burst into three paradigms:"high stress+excavation structure+stress adjustment disturbance","high stress+excavation structure+impact disturbance",and"high stress+internal unloading+stress adjustment disturbance"This synthesis traces the evolution of laboratory rockburst simulation systems and elucidates the failure processes and triggering mechan-isms of rockburst.Future research directions are identified as:Developing large-scale,multi-field coupled true triaxial test-ing systems equipped with internal borehole unloading devices;Creating novel intelligent monitoring technolo-gies for real-time,visual capture of key information throughout the rockburst process.Leveraging these technological advance-ments will enable more realistic laboratory simulations that accurately replicate the stress conditions of deep roadways in situ.This will facilitate in-depth exploration of the macro/meso-scale characteristics and evolutionary patterns of surround-ing rock failure during rockburst.Integrating the"Human-Rock-Environment"three-element rockburst mechanism,the research aims to establish quantitative indicators for rockburst initiation in deep roadway surrounding rock,develop prac-tical rockburst failure criteria aligned with field engineering conditions,reveal the fundamental rockburst mechanisms in deep hard rock roadways.

Abstract:The mining industry is one of the key sectors for energy consumption and carbon emissions.Accelerating the exploration of pathways for constructing zero-carbon mines and promoting the transition of mining carbon emissions to-wards low-carbon,zero-carbon,or even negative-carbon represents a crucial approach for achieving the green,low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of China's mining industry.It holds significant strategic importance for con-tributing to the dual carbon goals.The definition and connotation of zero-carbon mines are scientifically defined.It also sorts out the construction process of China's zero-carbon mines from green,low-carbon to zero-carbon,and examines the problems and challenges currently faced in policy standards,technical equipment,economic costs,and other aspects.Zero-carbon mines are an advanced stage of green and low-carbon development for mines under the dual carbon goals,and cur-rently,China's zero-carbon mines are still in the initial stage of development.Based on this analysis,a"three-step"stra-tegic goal for the construction of zero-carbon mines in China has been systematically proposed.Six improvement paths have been established,including increasing the proportion of green energy,improving energy efficiency in production,en-hancing the level of circular utilization,improving carbon sequestration and utilization capabilities,enhancing energy and carbon management efficiency,and improving sustainable development capabilities.Furthermore,it establishes a technic-al system for zero-carbon mine construction covering carbon reduction at source,zero-carbon energy supply,energy con-servation and efficiency enhancement,artificial carbon sinks,and digital energy-carbon management.Finally,policy re-commendations have been put forward to promote the construction of zero-carbon mines in China,including formulating top-level plans for zero-carbon mine construction,establishing and improving standard systems,strengthening scientific and technological innovation support,enhancing financial support and empowerment,constructing key demonstration projects,and taking multiple measures to promote the construction of zero-carbon mines in China.

Abstract:Under the background of the deepening advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the scale of China's overseas mining investment has continued to expand.However,environmental problems caused by the lag in mine ecolo-gical restoration have become a key bottleneck restricting the sustainability of investment.Serbia,a country rich in miner-al resources in Central and Eastern Europe(CEE),is home to the Bor Copper Mine—one of the oldest copper mines in Europe.This mine has accumulated severe ecological and environmental problems through long-term mining operations and stands as a typical case for ecological restoration in the context of Chinese enterprises'overseas mining investments.Taking the Bor Copper Mine as the research object,the research is based on the theories of green mine construction,adapt-ive management,and circular economy.By adopting methods such as literature research,scenario simulation and case analysis,it systematically sorts out Serbia's mining investment environment and ecological restoration policy framework,analyzes the current situation and causes of the ecological environment of the Bor Copper Mine,and focuses on studying the practical paths of ecological restoration after Chinese enterprises invested in the mine,including technical integration schemes,market-oriented operation models,and policy coordination mechanisms.It is shown that due to factors such as extensive historical mining,backward technical equipment,and insufficient environmental protection investment at the Bor Copper Mine,multiple ecological problems have been faced over a period of time,including soil heavy metal pollu-tion,water resource damage,vegetation degradation and solid waste accumulation.To address these issues,Zijin Mining has achieved phased results in ecological restoration such as soil remediation,water resource management and ecological reconstruction,but still faces challenges such as an imperfect legal system,insufficient technical adaptability,high finan-cial pressure and complex cross-cultural collaboration.Based on this,optimization suggestions are put forward from four dimensions:policy alignment,technological innovation,financial guarantee and international cooperation.These include establishing a bilateral coordination mechanism for ecological restoration standards,constructing a differentiated technical integration system,expanding green finance financing channels and strengthening cross-departmental and cross-regional collaboration.The research aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for China's overseas mine ecologic-al restoration,and contribute to the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Abstract:Mine ecological restoration is an essential guarantee for sustainable mineral resource development,and vegeta-tion biomass serves as a key indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration.Traditional biomass estima-tion relies on field survey data,which suffers from limitations such as high time costs and labor intensiveness.Multi-spec-tral and LiDAR sensors mounted on drones,combined with hand-held LiDAR scanning,were used to collect parameters of evergreen and deciduous trees at the Pingshu Coal Mine in Shouyang County,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province.By ap-plying Pearson correlation analysis to select model variables,above-ground biomass models for evergreen and deciduous trees were developed at the individual tree scale using multiple linear stepwise regression and random forest methods.Res-ults show that the random forest-based above-ground biomass model achieved the highest accuracy.Specifically,the ever-green tree model yielded an R2 of 0.78 and an RMSE of 11.043 kg/tree,while the deciduous tree model resulted in an R2 of 0.74 and an RMSE of 33.29 kg/tree.The study also applied the Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC)algorithm to multispectral imagery with feature combinations for tree species identification.Results indicate that incorporating the near-infrared band,red-edge band,and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)significantly improved the accur-acy of tree species identification.Additionally,the random forest-based single-tree above-ground biomass model,com-bined with the watershed segmentation algorithm for canopy area estimation,was used to calculate single-tree biomass density.Subsequently,an above-ground biomass inversion of the study area was performed on a per-pixel basis according to land categories.The study provides a reference for monitoring and analyzing above-ground biomass in mining areas and offers data support for quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of ecological restoration and environmental protection in mining regions.

Abstract:The economic viability of integrating microalgae carbon sequestration with coal mine ecological restoration technologies is investigated.It begins by delineating the current environmental damages caused by mining activities,par-ticularly to water bodies,and outlines the ecological restoration needs in key regions such as Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi Province.Relevant national and local policy frameworks and legal requirements are reviewed.Through an analysis of the technological pathway for microalgae-based carbon sequestration and ecological restoration and a practical case study of the China Energy Group Baorixile Project,in which pit drainage water was employed to culture microalgae for the restora-tion of a 50 000 m2 waste dump,the effectiveness of this technology is verified.The project led to a 42％increase in soil organic matter and a 28％enhancement in vegetation biomass,thereby validating its technical feasibility.A cost-benefit techno-economic assessment model is constructed,evaluating the economics per hectare of restored land.The analysis in-dicates a net annual profit of 24 thousand RMB per hectare,confirming the project's economic viability.Finally,targeted policy recommendations and future prospects are proposed.Suggestions include government support through special sub-sidies,tax incentives,and the establishment of technical standards to foster technology dissemination.The integration of this approach with agriculture and photovoltaic-based desert control is also envisioned.Theoretical underpinnings and de-cision-making references for the broad application and sustainable advancement of microalgae carbon sequestration tech-nology in mine site restoration are aimed to provided.

Abstract:The ecological environment in China's desert regions is fragile,and water resources are scarce,yet the mining intensity is extremely high.Therefore,studying the shallow damage patterns caused by high-intensity coal mining in desert areas is of great significance.Taking the high-intensity mining of Shaanxi Shanmei Coal Caojiatan Mine as a case study,numerical simulation and field testing methods are employed to investigate the subsidence patterns of high-intensity coalmining in desert regions.Based on an understanding of mining-induced damage,soil bulk density and porosity changes in mined subsidence areas were studied through sampling and testing.Results show that field measurements in-dicate a W-shaped profile formed after large-scale multi-working face mining,with significantly greater subsidence near the initially mined working face(maximum subsidence of 3.39 m,compared to a simulated value of 3.40 m).The minim-um subsidence between two working faces was 1.12 m(simulated value:1.26 m),demonstrating consistency between nu-merical simulation and field measurements.Soil bulk density decreased as crack width increased,with notable reductions in areas with 20-40 and 60-100 cm crack widths(decreases of 0.08 and 0.07 g/cm3,respectively,compared to crack-free zones).Soil bulk density gradually decreased with increasing subsidence depth,showing a certain increase at 0-20 cm subsidence depth but no significant difference at 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths.Soil porosity increased progressively with crack width,varying by 0.5%,-1.2%,2.3%,and 1.7%for crack widths of 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-100 cm,respect-ively.Soil porosity also increased with subsidence depth,showing no significant difference at 0-20 cm depths compared to non-subsided areas but increasing by 5.8%and 9.0%at 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths,respectively.The research provides valuable insights for green mining practices in desert regions of the Yellow River Basin.

Abstract:The controllable water conducting channel in coal mines is the core incentive of engineering disasters such as mine water inrush and groundwater resource loss.Accurate blocking of controllable water conducting channel and rein-forcement of fractured rock mass are the key technologies for safe and green mining of coal mine.The research progress of blocking and reinforcement technology of controllable water channel in coal mine is reviewed and analyzed from the aspects of classification of water channel,grouting material,grouting technology,grouting blocking and reinforcement mechanism and grouting engineering application.The results show that the core goal of grouting technology in coal mine water disaster prevention and control and surrounding rock stability control is to realize the efficient sealing of fractures and the systematic repair of mechanical properties of damaged rock mass through grouting.It faces multiple challenges in terms of complexity and uncertainty of geological conditions,limitations of grouting materials,inaccuracy of grouting ef-fect and cost-effectiveness.The research and development of grouting materials focus on performance optimization and environmental protection improvement.The new materials enhance the mechanical properties of grouting stones and the sealing efficiency of complex fracture through multiple compounding.The resource utilization of environmentally friendly geopolymer materials and coal-based solid waste has become an important direction,taking into account engineering effi-ciency and development needs;the grouting process has developed from manual experience to automation and intelli-gence.Through multi-source data fusion monitoring and intelligent control,the slurry diffusion range and fracture rein-forcement effect can be effectively controlled.At the theoretical level,the grouting blocking and reinforcement mechan-ism reveals the synergistic effect of slurry rheological properties,fracture geometry and grouting parameters.The mechan-ism of slurry-rock interface shows that strengthening the bonding performance through the micro-interface transition zone can effectively block the fracture and change the permeability of rock strata.In the engineering practice,combined with ground and underground directional drilling,the grouting modification and reinforcement of strong mining surrounding rock,the grouting blocking of roof and floor water channel and the modification of aquifer are realized.While reducing the risk of mine water disaster and ensuring the safe and efficient mining of resources,the effective protection of ground-water resources is realized.Finally,it is proposed that the future research needs to innovate the whole process of grouting materials,processes and equipment,and integrate with materials science,high-level equipment,artificial intelligence and ecology,so as to provide the core driving force for the intelligence,high efficiency and greening of grouting blocking and reinforcement technology under complex geological conditions and special working conditions,and provide strong tech-nical support for the realization of low damage and sustainable goals of coal mining.

Abstract:With the advancement of global carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the transformation driven by emerging science and technology,green and low-carbon transition alongside intelligent upgrading have become the inevit-able direction for high-quality development in the mining industry.Based on the green and intelligent development trend in the mining industry,the pivotal role of electrification in accelerating the power transformation of mining equipment and promoting the advancement of mining robots and their intelligent control systems has been elucidated.The application and development of disembodied intelligence and embodied intelligence in the field of mining robotics were analyzed.It is concluded that embodied intelligence,through the deep integration of artificial intelligence technology with physical carri-ers,will effectively drive the transformation of mining equipment from traditional mechanized operations toward autonomous intelligent operations.Finally,limitations in the development of embodied intelligent robots for mining envir-onments are examined.Issues and challenges hindering the routine application of mining robots are analyzed,including constraints such as limited capacity of explosion-proof batteries,insufficient data-driven resources for mining scenarios,and limitations in underground autonomous driving technology.

Abstract:As shallow,easily accessible mineral resources are progressively depleted,the extension of mining operations into deep rock masses has become an inevitable trend.Traditional mechanical rock breaking techniques often encounter challenges under deep-seated,high confining pressure,and hard rock conditions,such as reduced drilling efficiency,accel-erated drill bit wear,and environmental impacts.Laser rock breaking technology,leveraging significant advantages such as high energy density,high interaction efficiency,and the capability for remote,contactless fragmentation,holds broad application prospects in deep rock engineering.Taking typical deep-buried hard sandstone from Western China as the re-search object,this study utilizes a self-developed laser-induced fracturing and weakening test apparatus combined with Fi-nite Element Method(FEM)numerical analysis.It systematically investigates the zonal characteristics of the thermal re-sponse and the spatiotemporal evolution of the temperature field on the sandstone surface under laser irradiation.The res-ults indicate that the temperature field on the sandstone's upper surface exhibits a typical Gaussian distribution.With in-creasing laser irradiation time,the overall surface temperature rises and shows a trend towards gradual homogenization.Laser power is a crucial factor influencing the rock's thermal response;an increase in laser power leads to a continuous rise in both the heating rate and the temperature gradient.An increase in spot diameter results in a more uniform distribu-tion of the laser beam energy,leading to an expanded Heat-Affected Zone(HAZ),but weakens the energy concentration effect in the central region.Increased rock thermal conductivity enlarges the laser HAZ but causes an overall decrease in the temperature level.Conversely,an increase in specific heat capacity and a decrease in absorptivity reduce the laser HAZ and lower the overall temperature level.The research findings systematically reveal the zonal characteristics of the thermal response and the evolutionary laws of the temperature field in sandstone under laser irradiation.This provides a reliable basis for the quantitative understanding of the laser fragmentation mechanism in deep hard rock,and offers a reference for theoretical research on deep-rock laser rock breaking and for parameter selection in practical laser rock breaking engineering.

Abstract:With the increase of coal mining depth,more and more mining coal seams are gradually turned into outburst coal seams,which have the characteristics of complex geological structure,no mining protection layer,low permeability,high ground stress,etc.,and it makes the coal seam gas extraction difficult.For example,in Yangquan Mining Area,from the perspective of co-mining of coal and gas,the laws of gas enrichment,pressure relief and migration at various stages before,during and after mining are analysed.The whole life cycle gas resource extraction technology and equipment sys-tem of coal mine is established,which is represented by the technology of ground vertical well fracturing and pre extrac-tion in the complex structural zone of the coal mine planning area,the technology of liquid carbon dioxide phase change and pre splitting blasting and pre extraction in the coal mining development area,the technology of secondary hole sealing and pre pressure relief in the coal mine production area,and the technology of gas surface drilling and extraction in the abandoned goaf.The research results show that the whole life cycle gas resource extraction technology of coal mines with the means of artificial permeability enhancement and mining pressure relief has increased the single-well extraction of ground vertical wells in the coal mine planning area of the Yangquan Mining Area by 7 times.Coal seam gas extraction volume has increased by 5.7 to 8 times,coal mine production area working face advanced pressure relief gas extraction volume has increased by 184%,and the surface drilling gas production in abandoned goafs has reached an average of 3 504 m3/d,which effectively improving deep coal mining.The research results will help coal mine enterprises to conduct scientific gas drainage planning from the perspective of the whole life cycle of the mine,so as to promote the utilization of gas resources and prevent the occurrence of gas disaster accidents.

Abstract:In line with the national deep-earth strategy of"exploring the deep earth for resources,space,and safety",the Yunlong lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering has been established,drawing upon the strengths of China University of Mining and Technology and the innovative resources of local enterprises such as Xuzhou Mining Business Group,XCMG Construction Machinery,Xuzhou Metro,and DaTun Coal electricity company of China Coal Group.The laboratory has developed a research platform system comprising"1 center-1 station-N bases"with a 100 000 m3 large-scale underground research base that features multi-scale,multi-level,and geologically diverse layers.It has established four R&D platforms:Deep Earth Equipment,Deep Earth Development,Deep Earth Environment and Eco-logy,and Digital Deep Earth,driving systematic research and application verification in deep-earth science and engineer-ing.This creates a research advantage through large-scale in-situ experiments and interdisciplinary integration.The Yun-long lake Laboratory looks forward to collaborating with domestic and international research institutions and enterprises,with the aim of providing scientific and technological support for safeguarding national energy and resource security and for the efficient utilization of underground space.

Abstract:Paragenetic commercial and associated minerals in coal series are abundant in China,yet they have long been mined independently,leading to low resource utilization efficiency and serious environmental impacts,which restrict sus-tainable development.How to scientifically characterize the degree of coordination during mining has therefore become a key research challenge.This study proposes a Coordinated Mining Degree(CMD)evaluation method and develops differ-entiated models and indicator systems.Minerals are classified into general and scarce strategic categories,for which a Multi-mineral Coordinated Production Scheduling(MCPS)model and a spacing-guided model are established,respect-ively.The MCPS model maximizes economic efficiency through 0-1 integer programming and genetic algorithms to op-timize spatiotemporal coordination of multi-orebody extraction.The spacing-guided model prioritizes resource security,adopting a three-stage framework of spacing determination,risk mechanism analysis,and technical measure matching,to quantify resource preservation and pollution risks.An integrated indicator system is then formulated,covering three di-mensions—resource security and economic efficiency,mine safety,and environmental protection—with risk and state in-dicators.Comprehensive evaluation is achieved via dual-track scoring(standardization and threshold functions)combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)-based weighting.Case studies show that the CMD of a coal-bauxite mine in Shanxi is 0.8936(good)and that of a coal-uranium mine in Xinjiang is 0.9093(excellent).These findings validate the ef-fectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in balancing economic efficiency with resource security,and demon-strate its potential to enhance the systemic and sustainable development of mineral exploitation.

Abstract:Aiming at green mining and dual-carbon goals,based on existing research and engineering reports,the physical characteristics of graphite tailings,their traditional utilization,and high-value utilization directions are systematically re-viewed.It establishes an assessment framework comprising characteristics,technology,performance,benefits,and risks,and conducts a cross-pathway review incorporating life cycle and carbon footprint perspectives.The results indicate that building materials and land engineering applications have large-scale consumption capacity but limited value-added bene-fits and emission reduction per unit.Functional materials and energy materials show higher potential,though development remains largely at the laboratory and pilot-scale verification stage.Heavy metal leaching and residual reagent migration under acidic conditions are identified as key environmental risks,with insufficient long-term in-situ evidence available.In-dustrialization advancement is constrained by factors such as standard alignment and a scarcity of demonstration projects.Under unified fields in tables and figures,comparable discussions are conducted,applicable boundaries and common chal-lenges are summarized,process modifications and performance impacts of representative pathways are categorized and compared,and phased implementation strategies and key application scenarios are proposed in the conclusion.The contri-bution lies in proposing and applying a five-dimensional assessment framework,integrating scattered evidence to form a structured understanding applicable to engineering screening and policy analysis.

Abstract:As the degree of global industrialization continues to deepen,the demand for mineral resources in various coun-tries keeps rising.However,the traditional mining mode is confronted with problems such as low resource extraction effi-ciency,frequent personnel safety accidents,high safety risks,and severe environmental damage.Therefore,countries around the world are generally facing the problem of insufficient supply and imbalance between supply and demand of mineral resources,which has accelerated the transformation of the mining mode from the traditional way to the intelligent and information-based direction.In recent years,the rapid evolution of mobile communication technology has promoted the further development of smart mines.Therefore,the technical approaches of the new generation of information and communication technologies empowering smart mines are reviewed,including the enabling effects of technologies such as unmanned driving technology,remote control technology,intelligent sensing technology,Ultra High Definition(UHD)video technology,and wireless detonator technology on smart mines.By integrating and deploying facilities such as mo-bile communication,cloud computing,big data,artificial intelligence,and component-based software in the B5G mine-specific network,cloud computing,big data,artificial intelligence,and component-based software in the B5G mine-specif-ic network,the core demands of smart mines,including ultra-high bandwidth,ultra-low network latency,and large-scale access,are achieved.It addresses the current issues faced by mine communication and intelligent development,such as low communication efficiency,wide coverage blind spots,insufficient intelligence,and weak security guarantees,provid-ing technical support for building safe,efficient,economical,and green smart mines.

Abstract:The massive emission of coal-based solid waste poses severe safety and environmental challenges.The basic characteristics of coal-based solid waste and its emission status both domestically and internationally are systematically elaborated on.The main technical approaches for its disposal and utilization as well as the research levels at home and abroad are analyzed.The technical bottlenecks and key challenges in its disposal and utilization are identified.The exist-ing technical system covering green and low-carbon preparation and transportation,high-value material utilization,and large-scale in-situ disposal of coal-based solid waste is further examined.Future innovative development directions for its disposal and utilization,including underground carbon sequestration,geothermal collaborative development,and under-ground energy storage,are proposed.These efforts provide fundamental support for the green and high-quality develop-ment of coal mines.

Abstract:In the critical period of the"dual-carbon"goals and energy structure transformation,China's coal-dominated energy structure is difficult to fundamentally change in the short term.Coal,as the"ballast stone"of energy security,has a prominent position,but it also faces the dual challenges of ensuring supply and reducing carbon.To coordinate coal sup-ply guarantee and carbon reduction,address the issues of insufficient attention to coal in existing energy security research and the lack of a whole-chain perspective,clarify China's coal supply-demand and security status,and provide a basis for optimizing coal development and utilization and ensuring energy security,the following methods are adopted.It uses San-key diagrams to draw China's coal flow chart for 2022,conducting a visual analysis of coal supply and demand;con-structs a whole-chain coal security system(including 19 indicators)from six links:resources,mining,production,trans-portation,consumption,and ecology,and applies SWOT analysis to dissect the coal security situation,with the supply chain links as the internal environment and consumption and ecology as the external environment.The results show that in 2022,both coal production and consumption in China increased,with strong supply autonomy,but consumption was con-centrated in fields such as thermal power generation and coking,and the problem of loss in washing was prominent.The whole-chain security presents a complex situation:in terms of resources,there are abundant reserves but a low reserve-production ratio(35 years)and unbalanced distribution;in mining safety,after initial improvements,accident indicators have rebounded in recent years;production centralization improves efficiency but exacerbates transportation pressure;transportation has formed a diversified pattern but still faces the challenge of supply-demand mismatch;consumption de-mand grows at a high level with low foreign dependence;ecologically,carbon emissions account for a high proportion,ac-counting for about 55%of fossil energy carbon emissions.SWOT analysis shows that internal strengths include sufficient reserves and output,and strong transportation capacity;weaknesses are low reserve-production ratio and rebound in safety accidents;external opportunities are low foreign dependence and good ecological indicators;threats are high consumption proportion and great pressure from carbon emissions.Coal flow analysis and safety evaluation are integrated from a whole-chain perspective,and the proposed policy recommendations such as resource guarantee,safety management,and trans-portation optimization can provide scientific references for improving coal supply security and promoting green transform-ation of the industry.

Abstract:Strategic mineral resources play an irreplaceable role in supporting national energy security and ensuring the stability of key industries.Currently,China faces the dual challenges of high consumption of bulk minerals and a surge in demand for emerging minerals,urgently requiring improvements in the utilization efficiency and separation precision of strategic mineral resources.Flotation,as an important physicochemical separation method,is widely applied in the benefi-ciation and enrichment of strategic minerals.As the core means of modifying mineral surfaces,flotation reagents directly determine flotation efficiency and product quality.The research progress and future trends of flotation reagents for stra-tegic minerals in terms of molecular design and functional enhancement are systematically reviewed,with a focus on the four key attributes of"targeted,intelligent,green,and efficient."In the aspect of"targeted",research concentrates on the interfacial interaction mechanisms between reagents and mineral surfaces.Through single-molecule force spectroscopy and molecular docking methods,precise recognition and selective adsorption of reagents on target mineral surfaces are achieved.In the aspect of"intelligent",modern technologies such as quantum chemical calculations,machine learning are used to construct the mapping relationship between reagent structure and performance,breaking the limitations of tradi-tional empirical and trial-and-error methods,enabling high-throughput screening and performance prediction,and signific-antly improving development efficiency.In the aspect of"green",attention is given to the environmental friendliness and sustainability of reagents,with research progress in developing green collectors through molecular structure optimization,biomass-based material substitution,and resource recycling.This not only reduces toxicity risks to the environment and human health but also reflects the transition of mineral resource development towards green and low-carbon approaches.In the aspect of"efficient",the application of novel multifunctional reagents in complex systems is reviewed,which signi-ficantly outperform traditional reagents in terms of selectivity and collecting ability,while also achieving low dosage and low cost,thus realizing high performance and high economic efficiency in flotation processes.Future research on flotation reagents should focus on building a multi-dimensional data-driven design system,integrating molecular simulation,artifi-cial intelligence,and green technologies to achieve a closed-loop process of"targeted recognition-intelligent prediction-green synthesis-efficient application."

Abstract:Against the backdrop of advancing the"Dual Carbon"strategy,the mining industry,as a fundamental sector for the supply of energy and mineral resources,accounts for approximately 4%‒7%of global total carbon emissions and stands as a key field for industrial emission reduction.However,it currently faces the dual bottlenecks of an inconsistent accounting system and insufficient attention from mining enterprises.Therefore,research is conducted focusing on carbon emission governance in mines.Firstly,it elaborates on the significant role of the accounting framework in helping mining enterprises overcome the blindness in emission reduction,enabling the industry to achieve orderly emission reduction,and advancing the overall"Dual Carbon"goals.Secondly,it constructs a three-level accounting framework consisting of"de-fining boundaries at the foundation level,calculating data at the implementation level,and ensuring credibility at the sup-port level",and clarifies the core content and operational logic of each level.Thirdly,based on relevant national standards,it derives a general calculation formula for the total GHG(Greenhouse Gas)emissions of mines,which allows for para-meter adjustments as needed.Finally,combined with practical experience,it proposes seven carbon reduction pathways,including establishing a data management mechanism,optimizing production processes,and adjusting the energy struc-ture.The research aims to fill the gap in the study of carbon accounting in the mining industry,provide scientific and feas-ible emission reduction solutions for mining enterprises,and contribute to the green transformation of the industry and the achievement of the"Dual Carbon"goals.

Abstract:The stock of coal gangue in China has exceeded 7 billion tons with an annual increment of over 800 million tons,making it imperative to address the ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by its above-ground stockpiling.In view of the significant regional differences in coal gangue generation and utilization levels as well as the highly imbalanced development across China,the resource and environmental attributes of coal gangue(including its com-position,classification,and physical-chemical properties)along with its potential values and risks are analyzed,and the relevant policy and standard systems are comprehensively sorted out.Specifically,a multi-tiered and all-round policy sys-tem featuring"policy guidance-tax incentives-legal supervision"has been basically formed at the national level,while loc-al policies still focus on front-end underground and surface backfilling due to multiple constraints and high technical diffi-culties in the whole-chain utilization of coal gangue.Additionally,the standards for comprehensive utilization still have significant shortcomings in high-value utilization,green product certification,and pollution control.A detailed analysis is also conducted of the technology development,application status,and existing problems in three aspects:graded quality-based classification and activation pretreatment of coal gangue,large-scale disposal(underground and surface backfilling,power generation,road construction,and low-end building materials production),and high-value utilization(high-end building materials production,chemical raw materials,and soil formation).It points out that three major bottlenecks,namely"lack of standards,regional imbalance,and technical constraints",still need to be broken through for the compre-hensive utilization of coal gangue.Furthermore,it puts forward the three core principles of"reduction,resource utilization,and harmless treatment"and a full-industry-chain technical path.In response to current issues such as raw material fluctu-ation,standard gaps,and scale bottlenecks,countermeasures are proposed,including establishing a database of"coal gangue material properties",developing multi-method collaborative composite activation and homogenization adjustment,researching environment-friendly large-scale surface backfilling and efficient underground backfilling technologies,open-ing up certification channels for coal gangue-based green products,and solving technical bottlenecks in high-value utiliza-tion.Finally,it looks forward to the future development directions of coal gangue utilization,such as multi-path high-value utilization,cross-industry and cross-regional collaborative utilization,integration into the carbon trading market,and gangue-free mining technologies.