Abstract:Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the main power sources for electric vehicles,which have the advantages of high energy density,low self-discharge rate,fast charging speed,and environmental friendliness.The demand for high range of electric vehicles has put higher demands for lithium-ion batteries,such as higher energy density and longer cycle life.Electrodes are the core component of a battery,the preparation processes of which,such as the calendering process,directly determines the energy density and service life of the battery product.The study of the deformation mechanism of electrodes during the calendering process,which is helpful to achieve precise control of the pore structure and compaction density of electrode materials,is of great significance for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries.The raw materials of electrode,such as active substances and additives,are in granular form.Therefore,a discrete element model can be used to predict the interactions between particles,porosity,and heat transfer characteristics of the electrode during the calendaring process.This article reviews the current research status of discrete element method simulations for calendering process of lithium-ion battery electrodes.These research works utilized the discrete element method to establish models for predicting the compaction characteristics of the calendering process.The compaction characteristics of materials during the calendaring process were investigated and the key factors affecting compaction performance were revealed.The research results can give a guide for the design of the electrode calendering process.

Abstract:The relationship between the separator structure and the morphology evolution of lithium electrodeposition in lithium metal batteries is still unclear.The reaction mechanism can be revealed by in-situ experiments and numerical simulations.The morphology evolution of lithium electrodeposition can be observed directly by a home-made in-situ optic-electrochemical coupling device.In-situ experimental studies on three different separators revealed that glass fiber separator is more prone to lithium metal dendrite formation compared to polypropylene separators,while polypropylene and polyethylene composite separators exhibit more uniform lithium metal deposition morphology than the single-layer polypropylene separator.Scanning electron microscope images demonstrate distinct microstructures among the three separators.Combined with phase-field method numerical simulations,the results indicate that separator microstructures significantly influence lithium metal deposition morphology evolution and dendrite formation,with phase-field simulation outcomes aligning well with in-situ experimental observations.

Abstract:As the global energy transition and the"dual carbon"strategy advance,the battery industry,as a pivotal platform for green energy conversion and storage,is undergoing a critical shift from scale expansion to high-quality development.The concept of new-type productive forces has established a new paradigm for industrial growth,emphasizing technological innovation as the driving force and high-caliber talents as the key element.This paper examines the intrinsic logic and empowerment mechanism of industry-education collaboration in the battery sector through the lens of new-type productive forces.By addressing the structural mismatch between educational supply and industrial demand,it provide theoretical references for building an efficient collaborative system.Ultimately,this approach aims to achieve substantial improvements in total factor productivity through high-level industry-education integration.

Abstract:This study systematically investigates the effect of sodium silicate as an electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance and storage stability of alkaline zinc manganese batteries(LR6 type)and elucidates its underlying mechanism.The results of the study demonstrate that sodium silicate has the capacity to form a dense zinc silicate passivation film on the zinc electrode surface in situ.The efficacy of the film in impeding direct contact between the electrolyte and active zinc is evident,thereby achieving a substantial suppression of hydrogen evolution,corrosion,and self-discharge.The electrochemical test results show that the discharge time of the battery is extended by 25.9 min under the condition of 0.1%optimized concentration and 3.9 Ω constant resistance discharge,and the internal resistance growth rate is significantly reduced after the storage at room temperature and high temperature.In high-temperature accelerated aging tests,the cumulative gas evolution of batteries containing sodium silicate was found to decrease by 36%compared with the blank group.This result demonstrates the batteries'excellent anti-aging capability.Microscopic analysis reveals that the zinc powder treated with sodium silicate exhibits a smoother and denser surface,a significant decrease in oxygen content,and a uniform distribution of silicon,thereby confirming its corrosion-inhibiting effect from both morphological and compositional perspectives.Additionally,sodium silicate enhances the wettability of the electrolyte on the separator,leading to a reduction in the contact angle from 55.4° to 48.6°.This development fosters the establishment of a homogeneous ion transport pathway,which is a key aspect of the overall performance of the electrolyte.This work confirms that sodium silicate is a low-cost,environmentally friendly,and efficient additive,providing a feasible technical route for enhancing the overall performance and storage life of alkaline zinc manganese batteries.

Abstract:The factors that cause battery thermal runaway are complex,and cannot be evaluated and tested by certain standards or parameters.They are mainly manifested as mechanical abuse,electrical abuse,and thermal abuse.Internal short circuit(ISC)is the common link before thermal runaway.In this review,aiming at the ISC in lithium-ion batteries,in which introduces the mechanism,common causes,types and hazards of internal short circuit during use:overcharge,lithium evolution and overheating,summarizes the detection technology and test standards for ISC,mechanism,and proposes improvement measures of ISC.Finally,the future research is prospected.

Abstract:As the driving force of the new energy field,every technological iteration in the battery industry has brought about profound changes in the demand side of talent.Currently,the industry urgently requires interdisciplinary professionals with both engineering expertise and cross-disciplinary competencies,while traditional universities face structural imbalances in talent supply.Outdated curricula and weak collaborative mechanism make it difficult for keep pace with the rapid industrial upgrading.This paper analyzes core bottlenecks in current industry-education integration and explores optimization pathways for school-enterprise collaborative talent development.The fundamental flaw in existing training model lies in their delayed response to technological iterations.To address this,the paper proposes a systematic restructuring plan:establishing a dynamic curriculum system that evolves with technology,building a symbiotic mechanism between industry and education that binds interests,and cultivating a practical"dual teacher"team.The core objective is to break down the barriers between education and industry,achieve deep integration of talent pipelines and innovation chain,and provide solid talent support for maintaining sustainable competitiveness in the battery industry.

Abstract:To efficiently recover the valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries and reduce environmental pollution,this study employs a novel eco-friendly ternary eutectic solvent for recycling the high value metals cobalt and lithium.The leaching rate of cobalt and lithium can reach 99.76% and 99.29%respectively at 140℃,5 h and L/S=50∶1.Meanwhile,molecular dynamics during leaching demonstrate that the leaching process is controlled by interfacial chemical reactions.The leaching products were further regenerated into lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials,which exhibited electrochemical performance comparable to commercial lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials.The proposed method utilizes ternary eutectic solvents to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly recycling and regeneration of lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials,showing promising application prospects.

Abstract:The carbon-coated sodium ferric pyrophosphate[Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7@C,abbreviated as NFPP@C]composite material was successfully prepared using the sol-gel method,with an optimized heat treatment temperature at 600℃and sintering time of 10 hours.NFPP@C was used as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries,paired with metallic sodium(Na)and hard carbon(HC)as the anode materials,to assess its electrochemical sodium storage performance.Within the voltage range of 1.5～4.0 V(vs.Na+/Na),the discharge specific capacities of NFPP@C||Na half cells at 0.1 C and 5 C current densities were 112.2 mAh/g and 96.2 mAh/g,respectively.At 1 C current density,the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles reaches 99.7%.In the voltage range of 1.5～3.5 V(vs.HC)and at 1 C current density,the 3.5 Ah full-cell(i.e.,NFPP@C||HC soft-pack single cell)exhibited excellent long-cycle stability and high-temperature performance,with capacity retentions rates of 92% and 89.1%after 2 800 cycles at 25℃and 45℃,respectively.

Abstract:Different forming processes will affect the formation of negative solid electrolyte interface membrane(SEI film),which also will affect the cell performance.In this paper,the effects of three different charge states(SOC)formation processes on the electrode morphology,first efficiency,resistance,high temperature storage and cycle performance of LiFePO4 cell were studied.The results show that 62%state of charge(SOC)during formation which makes the SEI on the anode electrode surface is uniform and compact,the first efficiency(90.26%)is the highest,the DC resistance(DCR)and resistance of film formation are the lowest,the high temperature storage retention rate(96.41%)is the highest,and after 1 731 cycles at high temperature is 81.52%,the comprehensive performance is the best.

Abstract:Against the backdrop of global energy transition and intensifying technological competition,the battery industry,as a strategic cornerstone of the new energy revolution,is transitioning from linear research and development by a single entity to collaborative networked innovation multiple stakeholders.The leading enterprise is in the center of the industrial chain,and has the ability of arranging resources and the conditions of becoming the hub of the deep integration of industry,education and research,which can effectively bridge the gap from technology research and development to market application.This paper explores the internal mechanism,practical path,and multidimensional effects of how industry leaders leverage their chain leadership to drive deep integration of industry,academia,and research.The study aims to clarify the operational logic of the enterprise led innovation system,providing theoretical insights and decision-making references for sovercoming critical technological bottlenecks and building an autonomous,controllable,and outstanding innovation ecosystem.

Abstract:The iron-chromium flow battery accumulates Fe3+ions in the positive electrolyte due to the hydrogen evolution side reaction,resulting in a gradual increase in valence state and capacity loss.Traditional rebalancing techniques often involve the consumption of reducing agents,which lead to the generation of chlorine gas in a hydrochloric acid environment,posing challenges for practical engineering applications.In response to this issue,the paper propose a rebalancing device and capacity restoration method based on water electrolysis.The rebalancing cell comprises an oxygen-evolving electrode for the positive electrode,supported Pt/C catalyst,and a conventional flow battery structure for the negative electrode.Suitable materials and operating parameters were determined through research that verified the reduction effect of a water electrolysis capacity restoration device on positive electrode electrolyte,as well as its impact on iron-chromium flow battery performance.The experiment indicate that the rebalancing method can restore over 90% of more than 20% decayed electrolytes while maintaining energy efficiency at approximately 79%under conditions of 80 mA cm-2.Additionally,this water electrolysis capacity restoration device can be integrated with iron-chromium flow batteries for multiple capacity recovery operations,offering a safe and pollution-free new approach.

Abstract:This article examines the current status and limitations of the single-loop liquid cooling system in the all-liquid-cooled energy storage cabinet and proposes a dual-loop liquid cooling solution.It outlines the basic structure,control logic,and cooling capacity calculation methods of the dual-loop liquid cooling system,and verifies its cooling performance and energy-saving effect through charge-discharge tests.The test results demonstrate that the dual-loop liquid cooling system maintaining the maximum temperature of the battery cell at≤39.3℃,the average temperature of the battery cell at≤35.3℃,and the insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)measurement point temperature inside the energy storage converter(PCS)is kept at≤67℃,and the cooling performance meets the requirements.Compared to the traditional single-loop liquid cooling system,the dual-loop liquid cooling system can effectively avoid condensation issues in the PCS and achieves an energy-saving rate of 49.39%during the charge-discharge cycles.

Abstract:The cycle life test of lithium iron phosphate-graphite batteries was conducted under different temperatures(35℃,45℃,55℃)and different rates(0.5 C,1 C,1.5 C)to study the influence of these acceleration factors on the cycle life and establish an accelerated model.The research results show that the capacity plunge occurs under different acceleration conditions,and the capacity fading curves conform to the double-power law function.Based on the double-power law function,fitted the capacity fading curves,and the cycle life characteristic parameters are extracted to establish the accelerated model of the battery.At different temperatures,the life characteristic parameters and temperature conform to the Arrhenius relationship.Under different rates,the logarithm of the life characteristic parameters and the rate conform to a linear relationship.By using the acceleration model,the attenuation law of the battery under low acceleration factors can be obtained,and the cycle life of the battery can be predicted.The errors of the temperature acceleration model and the rate acceleration model are 7.4% and 4.0%,respectively.

Abstract:To enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries under extreme high-temperature conditions,this work proposes a battery incorporating triethyl phosphate(TEP)-based electrolyte and glass fiber(GF)separators.Comparative safety evaluations were conducted with conventional commercial batteries(carbonate-based electrolyte-polyolefin separators)through flame-extinguishing time tests,separator thermal shrinkage analysis,and high-temperature spontaneous combustion experiments on pouch cells.Experimental results revealed that exceeding 5%vinylene carbonate(VC)additive content in electrolytes substantially jeopardized safety and elevated thermal runaway risks.The GF separator demonstrated exceptional thermal stability with<1%shrinkage at 150～200℃,significantly outperforming commercial polyolefin separators(>32%shrinkage).In combustion tests at 400℃and 450℃,the TEP-based electrolyte-GF separator system delayed ignition onset by 35.8% and 65.0%,reduced burning duration by 70.1% and 94.7%,and decreased peak temperatures by 42.6% and 43.4%,respectively,compared to conventional counterparts.Notably,under 350℃conditions where commercial batteries sustained combustion for 128 s,the TEP-based system increased the thermal runaway trigger temperature by approximately 75% and achieved complete flame-free state.These findings provide experimental validation and technical benchmarks for designing high-safety lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract:The performance of power batteries directly determines key performance indicators of electric vehicles,including range,charging and discharging efficiency,and safety.Conductive carbon black,as a cost-effective carbon-based conductive agent that enhances the conductivity of power battery electrodes,has a wide range of applications and a growing market demand.This paper reviews the research progress of conductive carbon black in power batteries,and summarizes the three key characteristics of high purity,high structure and high specific surface area required in the application of power battery,and the main technical path to achieve the above characteristics.

Abstract:All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)based on sulfide electrolyte systems have emerged as highly promising next-generation energy storage technologies,owing to their ultra-high theoretical energy density,intrinsic safety,and low-cost potential.This article provides a systematic review of their research progress,core challenges,and commercialization strategies.In terms of material systems,sulfide-based solid electrolytes have become a focal point of research due to their high ionic conductivity,excellent mechanical properties,and processing advantages.Composite design is employed to balance conductivity with energy density,while the anode side must address issues such as the high reactivity of lithium metal/alloys and dendrite growth.Industrialization still faces multiple challenges:it is necessary to reduce electrolyte thickness and construct stable interfaces to enhance energy density and suppress side reactions,develop scalable manufacturing processes,and promote standardization of materials and processes.Moving forward,strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to accelerate the practical application of ASSLSBs..

Abstract:The application scenarios of high-power lithium-ion battery terminals are becoming increasingly diversified,and the requirements for battery power performance also need to be enhanced.This paper studied a combination of sulfur-containing electrolyte applied in high-power lithium-ion batteries,and compared with a single-component sulfur-containing electrolyte,and tested the mixed pulse power characteristics,rate discharge,high-temperature charge retention ability and capacity recovery rate,and rate cycle performance.The results show that the 1%ethylene sulfonate(DTD)+0.3%methylene methanesulfonate(MMDS)sulfur-containing electrolyte has higher film-forming quality,better rate discharge performance,better high-temperature storage performance and better rate cycle performance than the 0.5%1,3-propanesulfonic acid lactone(PS)single component sulfur-containing electrolyte.

Abstract:High-nickel ternary cathode materials(LiNixCoyMnzO2),as key components for next generation high energy density lithium-ion batteries,have garnered significant attention due to their high specific capacity and cost advantages.However,their poor cycling stability severely limits practical applications.This review systematically analyzes the failure mechanisms of high-nickel materials during high-voltage cycling,highlighting that the synergistic effects of surface reconstruction and mechanical failure are the primary causes of capacity decay.To address these challenges,key surface modification strategies are summarized,including inert material coatings(oxides,fluorides,phosphates),conductive material coatings(lithium-containing compounds,carbon-based materials,polymers),surface structural modifications,and synergistic optimization of composite coating techniques.These modification strategies significantly enhance interfacial stability and cycling lifespan of high-nickel ternary cathode materials.Finally,future development directions for high-nickel ternary cathode materials are prospected.

Abstract:As a critical component in lithium-ion batteries,cathode materials are critical to the performance of lithium-ion batteries,influencing both capacity and energy density.Among these,iron fluoride(FeF2)stands out due to its high theoretical specific capacity,excellent energy density,stable discharge platform,and low raw material cost,positioning it as a promising alternative to traditional cathodes like LiCoO2.This review highlights the advantages of FeF2 as a cathode material,examines its lithium storage mechanisms,and summarizes recent advancements in nanosizing and modifications through carbon or metal element coatings.Additionally,this paper assess the current research landscape and propose future directions for developing FeF2 cathode materials.

Abstract:The safety of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries is becoming increasingly important for the future development of electric vehicles.Metalized plastic current collectors(MPCCs),as inert active materials,are key components in simultaneously enhancing both high energy density and safety.In addition to designing new plastic film polymer substrates,optimizing fabrication techniques to improve conductivity,mechanical strength,and metal/plastic film interfacial adhesion,the development of functional polymer substrates is also a crucial direction for advancing high-performance MPCCs.This approach effectively reduces the risk of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.This article emphasizes current methods for functionalizing polymer substrates,which include incorporating inorganic/organic flame retardants into the polymers;developing temperature-sensitive and thermally responsive MPCC materials by introducing a positive temperature coefficient effect;or enhancing the thermal stability of polymer substrates,thereby improving the safety performance of high-energy-density batteries.This paper provides a functionalization direction for the development of MPCC in order to promote its application in lithium-ion batteries.