Abstract:Functional constipation(FC)is a common digestive system disorder among the elderly and represents a significant public health issue in aging societies,often requiring multidimensional interventions.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers advantages in holistic regulation and individualized diagnosis and treatment for this condition,demonstrating notable efficacy in alleviating symptoms and reducing recurrence.This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical understanding of FC by ancient and modern physicians,as well as recent clinical research.It reveals that contemporary physicians primarily approach the diagnosis and treatment of FC from three perspectives:"visceral disharmony,aiming for balance","fluids and blood sharing a common source,increasing fluids to promote bowel movement",and"promoting unblocking through tonification,using tonification to relieve obstruction".Clinical studies indicate that Qi deficiency constipation and Yin deficiency constipation are the most prevalent subtypes.Data mining analysis shows that herbal prescriptions for elderly FC predominantly employ herbs with neutral,slightly cold,or warm properties;sweet,bitter,or pungent flavors;and meridian tropisms primarily targeting the stomach,spleen,and lungs.The core herb combinations identified include Xuanshen(Scrophulariae Radix),Shengdihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Maidong(Ophiopogonis Radix),Shengbaizhu(raw Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yuliren(Pruni Semen).External therapies such as acupuncture,Tuina,and acupoint application have also demonstrated unique advantages in treating FC by stimulating the body surface,transmitting effects through meridians,and facilitating transdermal drug absorption.Through a systematic analysis of recent literature on the treatment of elderly FC,this article aims to provide insights and references for clinical management of the condition.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics of disease nature and location syndrome elements in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the medication and treatment patterns at different stages,providing evidence for the prevention and treatment of DKD with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods Clinical cases meeting the diagnostic criteria for DKD from 2016 to 2023 at Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital were collected.Frequency statistics,association rule analysis,and complex network community detection algorithms were used to analyze the medication characteristics,herb combinations,and changes in core herb communities across different stages of DKD.Results A total of 1 164 DKD patients were included,comprising 248 cases in stage I,150 in stage Ⅱ,382 in stage Ⅲ,263 in stage Ⅳ,and 121 in stage V.The study involved 1 164 prescriptions and 368 herbs.The top 10 high-frequency herbs were Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma),Niuxi(Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix),Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma).The most frequent herb properties,flavors,meridian tropisms,and efficacies were warm,sweet,spleen meridian,and deficiency-tonifying herbs,respectively.Association rule analysis identified herb combination pairs such as Taizishen(Pseudostellariae Radix)-Wuweizi(Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus)-Maidong(Ophiopogonis Radix),Zhuru(Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam)-Chenpi,Fuling-Zhuru-Chenpi,Chuanxiong-Dilong(Pheretima)-Huangqi,and Danggui-Honghua(Carthami Flos)-Chuanxiong.Complex network community analysis across stages revealed the following:In stage I,Community A showed Huangqi as the largest node,with the closest connection between Huangqi and Baizhu;Community B featured larger nodes for Maidong and Fuling.In stage Ⅱ,Community A had Danshen as the largest node,with the closest connection between Shanzhuyu(Corni Fructus)and Shengdihuang(Rehmanniae Radix);Community B featured a larger node for Fuling;Community C featured a larger node for Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma).In stage Ⅲ,Community A included larger nodes for Niuxi,Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra),Huangqi,Danggui,and Dilong;Community B featured larger nodes for Chenpi,Banxia,Fuling,Baizhu,Huanglian,and Zhuru.In stage Ⅳ,Community A had Niuxi as the largest node,with the closest connection among Niuxi,Shengdihuang,and Shanyao;Community B featured larger nodes for Huangqi,Fuling,Baizhu,Danggui,and Danshen.In stage V,Community A had Fuling as the largest node,with the closest connection between Fuling and Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix);Community B featured a larger node for Huangqi,with the closest connection between Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)and Huangqi;Community C featured a larger node for Houpo(Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex),containing only Zhishi(Aurantii Fructus Immaturus)and Houpo.Conclusion The primary disease nature syndrome element is deficiency of both Qi and Yin,often accompanied by phlegm-dampness and blood stasis.The primary disease location syndrome element is the spleen.The fundamental pathogenesis of DKD is summarized as deficiency in origin and excess in manifestation.The main treatment principles for DKD include supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin,combined with unblocking blood vessels and resolving phlegm-turbidity.Specifically,the early stages focus on supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin,transforming Qi to promote diuresis,and activating blood to unblock vessels;the middle stages emphasize activating blood to resolve masses and promoting diuresis to reduce swelling;and the late stages focus on supplementing Qi and nourishing blood,clearing turbid toxins,and activating blood to resolve stasis.These findings provide a scientific basis for TCM-guided treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)textbooks serve as the core component of the TCM education system,providing learners with a comprehensive and systematic knowledge framework of TCM.In contrast,clinical standards in TCM(hereinafter referred to as"standards")are documents that standardize and guide clinical practice.Compared to textbooks,they feature more in-depth and specific diagnostic and treatment requirements,flexible content updates,a certain degree of binding force and industry guidance,and a more scientific and rigorous formation process.Due to the lack of evidence-based medical evidence support,clinical practice and validation in most textbooks,the content not being widely consulted,and the existence of discrepancies among different textbook editions,the standards cannot directly adopt the content of textbooks.However,textbooks can be used as one of the important reference materials in the development and revision of standards.After systematically reviewing the textbooks,relevant research should be selectively conducted to form various core technical elements,and a standard draft should be formulated through a standardized expert consensus.Subsequent clinical validation,targeted and public consultations should then be carried out before a standard submission draft is formed.Taking the development process of syndrome classification standards for insomnia as an example,this paper introduces the methods for reviewing and researching TCM textbooks and designs and conducts subsequent research based on the results.

Abstract:Regarding the understanding of the disease,pulse pattern,syndrome,and treatment principles corresponding to Zhigancao Tang in Article 177 of Treatise on Febrile Diseases,physicians throughout history have held varying interpretations.Most consider"palpitations"as the primary symptom,viewing the syndrome of Zhigancao Tang as"deficiency of both Yin and Yang as well as Qi and blood in the heart",and the formula as a remedy for"simultaneously tonifying Yin,Yang,Qi,and blood".By reviewing the perspectives of various scholars,it is evident that the connotation of this formula still holds significant potential for further exploration.The pathogenesis of the Zhigancao Tang syndrome can be understood from the perspective of"cold damaging the nutrient blood,leading to insufficiency of the vessels and malnourishment of the heart".In addition to regulating the middle energizer,the treatment focus of Zhigancao Tang lies in"tonifying Yin to harmonize Yang",i.e.,using a large quantity of Yin-nourishing herbs to restore the pulse,supplemented by Yang-supporting herbs to promote circulation.This analysis aims to provide theoretical references for expanding the clinical application of Zhigancao Tang.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shenqi Buqi granule(SQBQ)on rats with chronic heart failure and the rationality of its compatibility.Methods SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,SQBQ group(6.93 g/kg),Ginseng group(0.63 g/kg),Astragalus group(6.30 g/kg),and Fosinopril sodium group(1.05 mg/kg).A post-myocardial infarction(MI)heart failure model was established in rats.The rats were given intragastric administration continuously for 28 days.Ultrasound was used to detect cardiac function and structure,pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed,hematological indicators such as myocardial enzymes,heart failure markers,and inflammatory factors were measured,and metabolomic profiling of myocardial tissue was performed.Results Compared with the sham group,the model group showed significant changes in ventricular structure,systolic and diastolic dysfunction,and a remarkable decrease in cardiac function(P<0.01).Myocardial cell edema and necrosis,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,and obvious fibrosis were observed in model group.Serum levels of CK,CK-MB,cTnT,and NT-proBNP were significantly increased(P<0.05),plasma levels of SOD,MDA,IL-6,TNF-α,and cAMP showed significant changes(P<0.05)in model group.Compared with the model group,both SQBQ and single Chinese herbal medicines improved cardiac function,inhibited myocardial fibrosis,alleviated myocardial injury and oxidative damage in heart failure rats.Metabolomic analysis showed that 55 differential metabolites such as Oxidized glutathione,Glucosylsphingosine were identified in the model group compared with the sham group.Chinese herbs with Qi-invigorating effect interfered with 41 metabolites including nonadecanoic acid and tetradecanoylcarnitine(P<0.05),among which 34 were affected by SQBQ,25 by ginseng,28 by astragalus.There were 21 metabolites commonly disturbed by the three.The involved metabolic pathways included energy metabolism,purine metabolism,glutathione metabolism,carnitine metabolism,and amino acid metabolism.Notably,SQBQ could specifically regulate lipid metabolism.Conclusion SQBQ can improve cardiac function and reduce myocardial injury in heart failure rats,which may be related to its regulation of metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,energy metabolism,and glutathione metabolism.Moreover,the overall anti-heart failure effect of SQBQ is superior to that of single ginseng or astragalus,demonstrating the synergistic advantage of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions.

Abstract:Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QDBS)is the core syndrome of clinical differentiation and research in traditional Chinese medicine.With the continuous advancement of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine,revealing the essence of this syndrome has become a key issue now.The core pathogenesis of this syndrome is the deficiency of vital energy leading to poor blood circulation and stagnation in the body,with complex and diverse clinical manifestations.However,the traditional four diagnostic methods of"observation,auscultation and olfaction inquiry,and pulse palpation"in traditional Chinese medicine lack exclusive objective indicators,which hinders the accurate diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of QDBS.Multi-omics technologies(genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,etc.)have the characteristic of dynamically studying organisms from a holistic perspective,which is highly compatible with the connotation of the"holistic view"of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome,providing a powerful tool for systematically analyzing QDBS from multiple levels and perspectives.This review aims to summarize the research progress of systems biology techniques in revealing the formation and development mechanisms of QDBS in recent years,further optimize relevant research methods,deepen the understanding of syndrome mechanisms,and provide new ideas for the treatment of QDBS.

Abstract:The concept of"Qi originates from the brain"is derived from the Su Wen Yi Pian:Ci Fa Lun Pian in the Inner Canon of Huangdi,emphasizing the prevention and treatment of epidemics through the principle that"when Qi originates from the brain,pathogenic factors cannot invade".This idea extends the foundational theory that"when the body's vital Qi is preserved internally,pathogenic factors cannot invade"."Qi originates from the brain"is a method for regulating Qi circulation,ensuring that the body's Qi flows harmoniously,thereby preserving the essence of the five viscera and maintaining the brain's primordial spirit.This aligns with Daoist theories of preserving essence,regulating Qi,and safeguarding the spirit.This article explores the concept of"Qi originates from the brain"from the perspective of essence,Qi,and spirit,deepening the understanding of its role in epidemic prevention and treatment,and constructs a three-dimensional Essence-Qi-spirit model for epidemic prevention and treatment based on the Inner Canon of Huangdi.From the perspective of essence,the storage of essence and fullness of marrow provide the conditions for Qi transformation,enabling the preservation of vital Qi to prevent epidemics.From the perspective of Qi,epidemic pathogens invade rapidly,and treatment requires Daoist methods of regulating Qi and opening orifices to swiftly expel toxins and reduce the virulence of the epidemic.From the perspective of spirit,maintaining the spirit of the five viscera protects the brain's primordial spirit,ensuring that epidemics do not become severe and preventing irreversible outcomes.

Abstract:As a common pathological mechanism in various clinical diseases,Yin deficiency represents one of the intrinsic patterns and fundamental principles underlying pathological changes at certain stages of disease manifestation and progression.Since the Inner Canon of Huangdi,the concept of Yin deficiency has evolved from theoretical descriptions of its pathogenesis to practical clinical diagnosis and treatment.Across different historical contexts,it encompassed multiple connotations including deficiency of essential substances,insufficiency of organ Yin,depletion of vital energy in Yin meridians,and pulse deficiency.During the pre-Qin period,the concept was initially vague and intertwined with Qi.The Han Dynasty refined it by incorporating pulse diagnosis.Theoretical maturity was achieved in the Jin-Yuan eras,while the Ming-Qing periods emphasized the substantial nature of"Yin"itself,advancing clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.By integrating horizontal summarization and vertical comparison of classical texts,this study elucidates the theoretical system of Yin deficiency and delineates the evolution of its conceptual independence and extensions.This paper aims to leverage the theoretical strengths of traditional Chinese medicine to inform modern clinical treatment of Yin deficiency disorders.

Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)posits that the pathogenesis of diabetes complicated by liver injury often involves spleen deficiency leading to impaired transportation,resulting in the mutual binding of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis,which then transmits to the liver causing stagnation and accumulation,thereby giving rise to various symptoms.Based on its clinical manifestations and characteristics of onset,modern TCM practitioners,guided by the theory of liver-spleen correlation,categorize this condition under syndromes such as"fullness syndrome""distention and fullness""hypochondriac pain"and"liver stagnancy",mostly attributing it to patterns of"earth deficiency with wood overacting"(spleen deficiency leading to liver hyperactivity).The"strengthening earth and restraining wood"method focuses on fortifying the spleen and soothing the liver,resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis.It aims to restore spleen transport function,regulate liver activity,improve glucose and lipid metabolism,and prevent and treat diabetic liver injury,demonstrating significant efficacy in clinical practice.This paper explores the theoretical connotation and basis of using the"strengthening earth and restraining wood"method for preventing and treating diabetic liver injury based on the"liver-spleen correlation"theory,with the goal of enriching the conceptual and methodological approaches for the clinical management of this condition.

Abstract:Ulcerative colitis is recognized as a global refractory disease in gastroenterology,and traditional Chinese medicine offers unique therapeutic effects for this condition.Professor Xie Jianguo classifies this disease under the category of"intestinal dysentery"and believes that its pathogenesis involves inherent spleen deficiency,emotional distress,and improper diet(or unclean food intake),leading to impaired spleen transport function.This further results in the production of phlegm-dampness,which stagnates and transforms into heat.The interaction of damp-heat with the Qi and blood of the intestines causes Qi stagnation and collateral stasis,damaging the intestinal fat membrane and blood vessels,ultimately manifesting as the disease.In clinical practice,he innovatively proposes the"Six Methods for Treating Dysentery"and incorporates paired herbs into each method,including:strengthening the spleen by Xiyangshen(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)paired with Huangqi(Astragali Radix);clearing the intestines by Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix)paired with Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma);astringing the intestines by Wumeitan(Mume Fructus Carbonisatus)paired with Weihezi(Terminaliae Fructus Praeparatus);stopping bleeding by Diyutan(Sanguisorbae Radix Carbonisata)paired with Huangqintan(Scutellariae Radix Carbonisata);warming the kidneys by Duzhongtan(Eucommiae Cortex Carbonisatus)paired with Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata);resolving stasis by Shanzhatan(Crataegi Fructus Carbonisatus)paired with Sanqifen(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma Pulveratum).A representative case is appended to provide insights for clinical treatment of this disease.

Abstract:This article summarizes the discussion on the vertical depth range of the"skin"in the original text of Inner Canon of Huangdi,especially the relationship between the"skin"and different depths from the skin surface,such as"pores","collaterals",and"dividing flesh".It is believed that the three-dimensional concept of the"skin"is"from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,the skin is the area where the twelve meridians and their affiliated collaterals are distributed on the human epidermis,including the skin,hairs,pores on the surface of the skin,and collaterals distributed in the skin,and muscles do not belong to the skin.From the perspective of modern anatomy,the skin mainly refers to the skin tissue that includes the epidermal layer and the dermis layer,and its vertical range.The vertical distance that extends longitudinally from the surface of the skin to the distal end of the dermis layer includes blood vessels,nerves,lymph nodes,etc".The operating sites of surface stimulation therapies such as acupuncture,moxibustion,Guasha,cupping,etc.are closely related to the"skin".Different depths and intensities of action produce different physiological and pathological changes in the body,which are closely related to clinical efficacy.Therefore,clarifying the three-dimensional concept of"skin"has important guiding significance for both the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and specific clinical practice.

Abstract:This study explores the essential characteristics of allergic constitution based on the Yin-Yang theory,integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory with TCM constitution theory.It reveals that the development of diseases in individuals with allergic constitution is related to imbalances in Yin and Yang within the body.By analyzing the four fundamental principles of TCM constitution theory,the influence of Yin and Yang on allergic constitution is examined.The theory of innate endowment indicates that Yin-Yang deficiency is the congenital basis for the formation of allergic constitution.The theory of environmental constraints suggests that postnatal imbalances contribute to its development.The theory of life processes elucidates how the dynamic changes of Yang energy at different life stages affect the onset of allergies.The theory of body-mind constitution reveals that Yin-Yang imbalance not only triggers allergic diseases but is also closely associated with a higher incidence of psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety.This study addresses three key scientific questions in constitution research,expands the diagnostic and therapeutic model of constitution differentiation,and provides a new perspective for constitution identification.

Abstract:The concepts of"Heavenly Gate"(Tianmen)and"Earthly Door"(Dihu)are foundational to the Five Circuits and Six Qi(Yunqi)theory in Inner Canon of Huangdi.However,their precise connotations remain incompletely elucidated in academia.This study explores ancient astronomical observations and timekeeping practices,revealing that Tianmen and Dihu are closely tied to the ancient Chinese observation of the twenty-eight lunar mansions—specifically the Azure Dragon of the East(Canglong)—and the apparent motion of the Sun for calendrical regulation.Furthermore,the temporal markers represented by Tianmen and Dihu evolved from early references to the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox(based on Canglong's celestial phenomena)to later direct observations of the Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice(determined by the Sun's apparent movement).This research provides empirical support for the objectivity and scientific validity of Yunqi theory.

Abstract:Allergic diseases and emotional disorders are common comorbidities in clinical practice.The interaction between pathogenesis and pathological process is complex,and it is one of the most common psychosomatic diseases.Allergic diseases are bidirectionally associated with emotional disorders,which are regulated by the neuro-endocrine-immune network.This interaction mechanism increases the complexity of clinical prevention and treatment of allergic and emotional disorders.The study found that biased constitutions are more likely to induce psychosomatic comorbidities.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution theory has become an effective paradigm to deal with psychosomatic diseases with the guiding ideology of"body-spirit integration",which provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of psychosomatic diseases.Therefore,based on the four basic principles of"life process theory""endowment inheritance theory""environmental restriction theory"and"body and spirit constitution theory"of TCM constitution,this paper systematically discusses the comorbidity basis of allergic diseases and emotional disorders from the four dimensions of life stage characteristics,genetic susceptibility,natural social environmental impact and physical and mental interaction mechanism,and puts forward the strategies of biased physical conditioning to deal with psychosomatic diseases,so as to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the"preventive treatment"of psychosomatic diseases.

Abstract:Headache is one of the most common neurological diseases in clinical practice,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits unique advantages in its treatment.Through long-term practice,TCM has continuously enriched and improved the clinical diagnosis and treatment approach for headache.As the cornerstone of TCM theory and academic thoughts,Inner Canon of Huangdi comprehensively documents the disease name,etiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of headache.This paper delves into the relevant records of headache in Inner Canon of Huangdi,tracing its origins and categorizing discussions based on the anatomical structure,physiological characteristics,and functions of the head,as well as the disease name,etiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of headache.It summarizes and refines the triple understanding of headache and clinical diagnosis and treatment approach in Inner Canon of Huangdi,aiming to provide new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment of headache.

Abstract:Objective To identify diagnostic markers and key immune cells for allergic constitution using machine learning methods,and to explore the mechanism of"Allergy Kang"in regulating allergic constitution.Methods Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in individuals with allergic constitution—comprising patients with various allergic diseases from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database—were analyzed compared to normal individuals.Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis(WGCNA)was used to identify genes associated with allergic constitution.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA),and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed.Machine learning algorithms(LASSO regression and SVM-RFE)were employed to identify diagnostic markers for allergic constitution.The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the infiltration levels of 22 types of immune cells,and the correlation between diagnostic markers and immune cells was analyzed.Active components and related targets of"Allergy Kang"were obtained from the batman-TCM and TCMSP platforms,and an"Allergy Kang-Active Components-Allergic Constitution Targets"network was constructed to explore the mechanism of constitution regulation.Results A total of 360 DEGs were identified in individuals with allergic constitution compared to normal individuals.WGCNA revealed 816 genes significantly associated with allergic constitution(correlation coefficient=-0.47,P<0.001),which were enriched in epithelial cell dysfunction and complement and coagulation cascades.Machine learning identified three genes as diagnostic markers for allergic constitution,with SERPINB2 demonstrating the most stable diagnostic performance in external validation.Five immune cells showed differential infiltration in allergic constitution,with activated dendritic cells and mast cells being significantly upregulated(P<0.001).SERPINB2 was closely correlated with key immune cells involved in allergic processes.Core targets of"Allergy Kang"in regulating allergic constitution included ALDH7A1,EDN1,TGFβ1,TP53,and AR.The molecular mechanisms primarily involved the regulation of histidine metabolism,cell surface receptor signaling,MAPK signaling pathways,and PPAR signaling pathways.Key active components(such as ganoderic acid DM and 5-O-methylvisammioside)showed significant binding to core targets of these signaling pathways(e.g.,MAPK13,PPARγ).Conclusion SERPINB2 is a key diagnostic marker for allergic constitution.Upregulated infiltration of activated dendritic cells and mast cells represents an immune characteristic of allergic constitution.Targeting MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways to modulate immune cell communication is a potential mechanism by which"Allergy Kang"regulates allergic constitution.

Abstract:Inner Canon of Huangdi originated from the traditional culture of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.With the change of the situation of the times,the theoretical connotation of the classic presents different degrees of dislocation and errors,and the key reason lies in the change of context.Therefore,based on the internal context of the classic,this paper puts forward the research directions of text exegesis,mutual reference,scene shaping and so on,in order to elucidate the classic glyph meaning,diction and sentence making,cognitive model and so on.Based on the external context of the classic,the internal pursuit of theoretical research is revealed from the two aspects of the dynamic nature of life form and the integrity of the dominant dimension,so as to realize the return of the classical connotation.While putting forward the research ideas,this paper takes the controversial content of Inner Canon of Huangdi as an example to explain,in order to show the theoretical appearance before and after the restoration of the classical context,so as to highlight the value and significance of the research on the classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective To study the potential effect Huanglong Baidu decoction(HLBDT)on colorectal cancer(CRC)based on network pharmacological analysis and in vitro cell experiment.Methods The TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients of HLBDT,and UniProt database was used to obtain the effective targets of HLBDT,and the the GeneGards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)databases were used to search for the targets of CRC.The"Compound-Active Compound-Target-Disease"network of HLBDT for CRC was constructed,and the STRING database was used to construct the PPI of HLBDT for CRC,and GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the core targets.The effects of HLBDT on SW620 cell viability,proliferation and migration,and apoptosis were detected using MTT,Transwell,cell scratch,cell cloning,EdU assay,and flow cytometry,and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to explore the relevant targets of HLBDT for CRC treatment.Results We obtained 181 effective active ingredients of HLBDT,277 effective action targets,10 189 CRC-related targets,and 239 common targets of HLBDT and CRC;the results of KEGG analysis indicated that HLBDT might exert its therapeutic effect on CRC by regulating the targets of Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3.The cellular experiments revealed that HLBDT inhibited the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells,promoted the apoptosis of SW620 cells,up-regulated the gene and protein expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3,and down-regulated the gene and protein expression level of Bcl-2.Conclusion HLBDT promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through the regulation of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3,which has a potential role in the treatment of CRC.

Abstract:Routine treatment and contrary treatment are important theories in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet their guiding value in clinical practice remains limited,and annotations by commentators on relevant classical texts are still controversial.To address this,this study employs textual criticism methods,combined with the text of the Inner Canon of Huangdi and related literature,to reinterpret the core concepts of routine and contrary treatment and explore their diagnostic value by analyzing the structural framework and key terms of the classical texts.Using fever in cold damage disorders and abscesses as examples,the study demonstrates how to apply the treatment principles of"countering or following the rise and fall of disease trends"under the guidance of the Daoist methodology of"following and utilizing natural tendencies".Based on the characteristic of"initial similarity and eventual divergence"in the progression of primary diseases,the study further points out that the essence of routine and contrary treatment lies in mastering the patterns of disease transmission,refining key diagnostic points,and identifying pathways of vitality,thereby differentiating disease trends and applying treatments in accordance with these pathways.Starting with the example of cold damage disorders,the gradual expansion of this diagnostic and therapeutic cognitive framework may represent the entry point for constructing the disease diagnosis and treatment system in the Treatise on Cold Damage.This approach offers new perspectives for the modern development of routine and contrary treatment.

Abstract:In the theory of the five body constituents in traditional Chinese medicine,the muscle belongs to the wall and is governed by the spleen.It has the core functions of protecting the internal organs,maintaining the body shape,and coordinating movement.Modern medicine's understanding of muscle tissue focuses on anatomical structure,while the connotation of muscle in traditional Chinese medicine encompasses valley structure,meridian and tendon system,and the dynamic connection with the functions of internal organs.This article systematically explains the physiological synergy mechanism between muscle and Qi,blood,body fluids,and reveals the neuroanatomical basis of the Valley theory in combination with modern neuroscience.By analyzing the regulatory effect of ganglion stimulation technology on muscle function,it is demonstrated that it is in line with the theory of regulating muscles in traditional Chinese medicine,and a treatment paradigm of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine centered on the interaction of meridians,tendons and nerves is proposed,providing an innovative diagnosis and treatment path for diseases such as muscle metabolism.