Abstract:Improving the rural healthcare system is a crucial initiative to implement the Party's new-era health policy of"prioritizing grassroots development"and an urgent requirement for advancing the Healthy China initiative.Based on holistic governance theory,a logical matrix of collaborative mechanisms for rural healthcare systems was constructed by integrating relevant policy documents and WHO related frameworks.Facing rural healthcare systems,it analyzes challenges in service delivery,workforce allocation,institutional reforms,financing system,and organizational safeguards.Drawing on best practices from pioneering regions addressing these issues,it proposes actionable recommendations to build a high-quality and efficient rural healthcare system.

Abstract:How data assets can strengthen internal control in public hospitals under DRG payment reform is explored.Defining da-ta assets and their recognition criteria,it analyzes current weaknesses in performance evaluation,risk identification,and informa-tion communication.It demonstrates that data assets reshape internal control through operational transparency,performance indicator restructuring,and dynamic risk control.It proposed implementation strategies including digital infrastructure development,perfor-mance system optimization,intelligent risk control systems,and supportive policy coordination.These findings provide both theoreti-cal framework and practical guidance for improving public hospital management and ensuring sustainable development.

Abstract:In the field of domestic health management services,the main charging entities include professional health management institutions,health management teams in community health service centers,and relevant departments in public hospitals.However,at present,neither the national policy documents nor the local practical operations have clearly provided the specific pricing bases for health management services.In terms of practice and research,discussions on the pricing basis of health management services are relatively scarce.In view of this,it aims to focus on the current situation of health management service pricing in China,and make an in-depth comparison and analysis of public projects,non-public projects,and public-private partnership projects,in order to promote the improvement of the pricing mechanism of health management services.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze how innovative medical technologies affect surgical departments' medical quality,efficiency,and inpatient costs under DRG payment reform.Methods:Patients using the da Vinci robot in a sample tertiary hospital in 2024 were selected as the experimental group and patients using conventional lumpectomy served as the control group.Results:Compared with traditional endoscopic techniques,the application of new technology has improved patient recovery rates,though the average length of hospital stay has also increased.Total hospitalization costs,out-of-pocket expenses,surgical fees,examination fees,laboratory charges,treatment fees,miscellaneous charges,and medication costs have all risen significantly,while material costs have decreased markedly.Conclusion:The application of new technologies can enhance patient recovery rates,reduce surgical risks,and improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery.However,the increased economic burden poses significant challenges to the operational costs of healthcare institutions,necessitating hospitals to refine their diagnostic and treatment systems.Relevant authorities should formulate exclusion policies for new technologies in a scientifically prudent manner and establish reasonable payment standards.

Abstract:Objective:To review the application status of statistical models in health economics from 2010 to 2024,revealing model classification,evolution trends,integration characteristics,and development directions,thereby providing references for health economics study and methodological innovation.Methods:Based on bibliometric methods,363 journal articles were screened.A six-dimensional classification framework of"efficiency evaluation,influencing factors,economic relationships,comprehensive evaluation,policy assessment,artificial intelligence"was constructed.Model application characteristics were quantified and integration patterns were summarized through frequency statistics,case deconstruction,and trend analysis.Results:Mainstream models included data envelopment analysis,structural equation modeling,and panel data models,the application of the coupling coordination degree model in health resource allocation research grew rapidly,while spatial econometric and machine learning models developed significantly.Model integration enhanced explanatory power and predictive accuracy through complementary advantages,and big data technology is shifting the research paradigm from"post-hoc analysis"towards"real-time intervention".Conclusion:Health economics research is transitioning from a single-model approach to a"multi-model integration+big data-driven"paradigm.Future efforts should focus on constructing standardized integration frameworks,overcoming bottlenecks in data governance and algorithm fairness,and promoting the translation of methodological innovations into health system performance.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the publishing 2025 budget data of 31 provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in China,and explore the changes and current status of fiscal budget support for provincial CDCs.Methods:Data on budgetary transparency from provincial CDCs across 31 provinces in 2025 was collected and collated to determine levels of fiscal support.This information was then combined with personnel expenditure figures to conduct hierarchical cluster analysis of provincial disease control centers.Results:From 2021 to 2025,both the Current Year Revenue and the General Public budget in the budgetary revenue of 31 provincial CDCs increased by year.In 2025,the overall proportion of General Public budget in total Current Year Revenue of these CDCs was 72.39％,as the financial support intensity for 8 provincial CDCs below this level,and 4 provincial CDCs fully supported by public finance.The operating revenue of Beijing CDC accounted for 67.67％of its total current year revenue.Overall,the per capita expenditure on wages and welfare was approximately 238 400 yuan,with 5 provincial CDCs exceeding 300000 yuan.In consideration of the current year revenue,financial support intensity,and per capita expenditure on wages and welfare,these 31 CDCs could be classified into four types.Conclusion:The fiscal budget support for China's provincial CDCs has showed a little decrease in 2025.Around"grassroot,foundation,basic",it is necessary to guarantee basic work and personnel funds,strengthen support for vital tasks based on the reform of the fiscal and taxation system,fully utilize the relevant policy benefits to expand the potential for incremental growth.Furthermore,the budget management of provincial CDCs should be further standardized.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the current status of health human resource allocation in Shenzhen Community Healthcare Centers(CHCs),providing a basis for optimizing the structure of primary health human resources and enhancing allocation equity.Methods:The Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve,and Theil index were comprehensively applied to evaluate the equity of human resource allocation in Shenzhen CHCs from 2018 to 2022.Results:The total health human resources in Shenzhen CHCs continued to grow during the study period.Both the Gini coefficient and Theil index for all categories of health human resources showed a declining trend.The equity metrics for population-based allocation were significantly superior to those for geographical allocation.The improvement in allocation equity for pharmacists lagged relatively behind.Conclusion:The equity of health human resource allocation in Shenzhen CHCs demonstrated overall continuous improvement from 2018 to 2022,yet there are structural disparities.Population-based allocation achieved higher equity than geographical allocation,primarily attributable to the highly uneven spatial distribution of Shenzhen's population.

Abstract:Introducing the PDCA cycle theoretical framework,the theoretical analysis with practical assessment were combined to examine the value logic of basic medical insurance enrollment for new employment models.It dissects existing challenges and explores future implementation pathways.Research reveals several issues in basic medical insurance for new employment models:difficulties in defining labor relations during planning,insufficient enrollment awareness and capacity during implementation,low system adaptability during inspection,and prominent information asymmetry during resolution.By focusing on dimensions of clarifying direction and establishing standards,implementing plans and innovative measures,evaluating outcomes and resolving issues,and closing-loop feedback for continuous improvement,it offers new solutions to healthcare coverage challenges for the employment groups in emerging industries.

Abstract:Objective:Introducing a public value perspective to construct an evaluation framework for the healthcare security system,to enrich existing paradigms and promote the high-quality development of the medical insurance system in China.Methods:Drawing on the theoretical foundations of Public Value Management(PVM)and its alignment with the healthcare security system,the public value of the medical insurance system was defined,its creation mechanisms were explored,and an evaluation framework was developed.Results:PVM aligns closely with the medical insurance by addressing collective preferences,promoting collaborative governance,and balancing competing public values.The public value of the medical insurance can be understood as"the collective expectations and value demands of the public regarding the medical insurance system,shaped by their perceptions and fundamental value judgments,further constructed through mechanisms such as social communication and political consultation,and the extent to which these expectations are fulfilled".Building on this,it proposes a theoretical framework for evaluating China's medical insurance across the outcomes,processes,and relationships.Conclusion:Evaluation of the medical insurance system under the public value perspective needs to take into account the dimensions of performance outcomes,procedural effectiveness,and stakeholder relationships,which are also important considerations for the development and maturity of the system.

Abstract:The National Healthcare Security Administration is advancing the establishment of a comprehensive value evaluation system for healthcare security,aiming to build an evidence generation and application system based on real-world data to support scientific decision-making in healthcare security.The comprehensive value evaluation system of healthcare security should adhere to the principles of putting the people first,applying systematic thinking,upholding integrity and promoting innovation,and being problem-oriented.It establishes a"Four Ones"evaluation framework(including a unified set of technical guidelines,a set of high-quality real-world data source systems,a multi-stakeholder participation assessment mechanism,and a series of evaluation outcomes).This system promotes a fairer,more sustainable,and more efficient health insurance system,as well as high-quality innovation and development in healthcare and pharmaceuticals,ensuring that the residents have access to cost-effective medical and pharmaceutical services.

Abstract:Objective:A standardized technical labor value measurement model for nursing service items was established using the Relative Value Units(RVU)framework to analyze price-value deviations and inter-item price relationships in Shanghai,informing evidence-based dynamic pricing reforms.Methods:Utilizing RVU values from National Technical Specifications for Medical Service Items(2023 Edition),current prices of nursing items and labor cost parameters in Shanghai,it calculated standardized values with Level Ⅲ Nursing as the baseline and assessed price rationality through deviation coefficients.Results:The mean price-value realization rate of 17 nursing items was 21.3％overall,dropping to 11.4％for specialized nursing,and the mean price-value realization rate for psychiatric nursing was 3.8％.Price relationships were significantly distorted,with 73.3％of items showing deviation coefficients＜0.5(e.g.,drainage tube care:0.05),RVU values demonstrated no correlation with realization rates(R=0.14,P=0.59).Conclusion:Nursing pricing fails to reflect technical labor value,urging prioritized correction for items with realization rates/deviation coefficients＜0.5,implementation of an RVU-driven dynamic adjustment mechanism,integration of risk-technical complexity dimensions into pricing.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the synergistic effects and differentiated pathways of multiple conditions influencing the primaiy healthcare service capacity in China.Methods:Using the 31 provinces in China as cases,the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)for exploration was employed.Results:There was no single condition constituted a necessary requirement for high service capacity.High health expenditure emerged as a core condition prevalent across seven configuration types.Three configuration patterns were identified as drivers of service capacity improvement:"finance-dominated model"(centered on high healthcare expenditure,supplemented by strong medical insurance fund revenue),"comprehensive resource-driven model'(integrating multiple synergistic conditions)and"institutional innovation breakthrough model"(leveraging hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems).Conclusion:To achieve a systematic leap and balanced development of primary healthcare service capacity,it is essential to strengthen foundational fiscal support and implement regionally tailored strategies to overcome bottlenecks.

Abstract:Against the background of deepening healthcare reform and the adoption of DRG payment systems,it develops a"dual-wheel drive"framework,grounded in the theory of institutional and technological co-construction,to analyze the pathways for financial management transformation in public hospitals.By examining the key scenarios of budgetary governance,DRG cost control,and risk prevention,it elucidates the closed-loop mechanism whereby institutional rigidity and technological flexibility work in concert to address the public welfare-efficiency paradox.It highlights the critical role of a blockchain-based core in dynamically translating policy directives into technical execution.Accordingly,adaptive governance strategies are proposed,offering a theoretical paradigm and a practical roadmap for shifting public hospital financial management from accounting and supervision towards strategic resource allocation.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the implementation status of the"triple settlements"reform of China's health insurance and put forward policy suggestions for the subsequent expansion and deepening of the reform.Methods:Taking the"triple settle-ments"of medical insurance as the entry point,it summarizes the current status of the reform in each co-ordination area,states the implementation situation in each region in terms of different dimensions such as the settlement path,the settlement scope and the settlement timeframe,and discusses the practical problems that may be encountered by each region in the promotion of the"triple settlements"of medical insurance.Results:At present,some regions have started the reform of"triple settlement',which has achieved remarkable results in enhancing the efficiency of fund use,optimizing fund turnover,and reducing the burden of multiple parties.However,the reform faces challenges such as technical barriers,fund sustainability and payment risks,and co-ordination of interests and policy synergies.Conclusion:The sustainable development of the health insurance settlement system should be promoted by consolidating the foundation of information technology,improving the multidimensional payment path,and establishing a mechanism for multi-pronged governance.

Abstract:Cost information is an important support for the reasonable formation and dynamic adjustment of medical service prices.It systematically reviews the implementation of policies and the main obstacles,conducts a cause analysis,and finds that government departments have not yet formed a synergy in promoting the application of cost information.There is insufficient coordination among policies.Some public hospitals have a weak foundation in cost accounting and are unable to provide available cost data support for dynamic price adjustments.It suggests promoting the practical experience of typical regions and,establishing top-level design for standardized report formats and data monitoring related to the application of cost information,strengthening the capacity building of public hospital projects,and make full use of the right to participate in pricing and price adjustment.

Abstract:Objective:To develop a comprehensive evaluation index system for hospital bed resource allocation,providing a quantitative tool to optimize resource distribution.Methods:Within the framework of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA),an initial pool of indicators was established through literature review,refined via the Delphi method and expert interviews,and finalized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine indicator weights.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were high,with all experts'authority coefficients exceeding 0.7.The finalized index system consisted of 6 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators,each with assigned weights.Conclusion:The proposed indicator system demonstrates both systematic structure and practical applicability,providing important guidance for the scientific evaluation and evidence-based optimization of hospital bed resource allocation.

Abstract:Objective:To reveal the decision-making mechanism of basic medical insurance participation for China's floating population and provide scientific basis for promoting the high-quality development of medical insurance.Methods:Based on the seven-period data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)2010-2022,multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze institutional,economic and time factors,Hansen threshold regression was applied to identify the threshold of contribution burden,segmented regression was applied to test the effect of length of residence,and the instrumental variable method(dialectal distance)was applied to control for endogeneity.Results:(1)Time-cumulative effect:the probability of enrollment jumped significantly when the length of residence reached 18 months(aOR increased from l.36 to 2.10);(2)economic threshold:the contribution burden of 8.06％was the sensitive threshold,and the absolute decline in enrollment rate beyond the threshold was 19.2％(P＜0.001);(3)institutional barriers:interprovincial mobility reduced the participation incidence ratio by 38％,and the reimbursement ratio difference decreased by 13％for every 10％increase in the participation incidence ratio.Conclusion:Participation decisions are subject to a triple mechanism,which requires anchoring the 18-month residence node to set gradient incentives,implementing a precise cap for the 8％burden threshold,and removing institutional barriers through provincial coordination.

Abstract:Objective:To clarify the connotation of financial navigation in medical service system by summarizing its conceptual evolution,definition,attributes,antecedents,consequences,typical cases.Methods:Relevant literature on financial navigation was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases.Rodgers'concept analysis method was applied to analyze the concept.Results:A total of 37 articles were included.The attributes of financial navigation include patient-centeredness,promote high-quality medical decision-making through education,coordinate and integrate support resources,and continuous dynamic optimization;antecedents include patient and family factors,healthcare system factors,and social policies and welfare factors;consequences include positive effects on patients and families as well as the healthcare system.Conclusion:Financial navigation in medical service system plays a positive role in reducing disease-related financial toxicity.Future efforts should focus on strengthening policy support,personnel training,and resource integration to promote the standardized development of financial navigation.

Abstract:The performance evaluation and medical insurance payment reform have significant impacts on the operation of public hospitals.It analyzes the similarities and differences between the policies of public hospital performance appraisal and medical insurance payment reform,regarding their core objectives,operational mechanisms,and implementation effects.It examines the issue of behavioral alienation induced by policy misalignment,its root causes,and international experiences in achieving policy synergy alongside major challenges.In response to prevalent management cognitive biases within medical institutions adapting to performance appraisal and medical insurance payment reforms in national public hospitals,it proposes synergistic incentive pathways:enhancing inter-departmental policy coordination,utilizing informatization means to achieve medical data integration and intelligent supervision,and transforming institutional management philosophies.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a dynamic benchmarking management system for Diagnosis-Related Group(DRG)and provide practical research for optimizing hospital performance indicators.Methods:To explore how to establish the benchmark value through multi-dimensional data comparison(hospital historical value,regional average value,hospital annual budget target)and form a closed-loop management mechanism of"establishment-comparison-optimization".Based on the practice of the case hospital,it analyzed the impact of dynamically adjusting cost bench marks for disease groups(including average length of stay,drug cost,medical consumable costs)on performance management.Results:The implementation of dynamic benchmarking management led to a significant decrease in medication costratio,a much slower growth rate of consumables costs compared to surgical volume increases,improved medical service quality,and shorter hospital stays.Conclusion:The dynamic bench marking management system for DRG provided practical guidance for hospital administrators to formulate scientific management strategies.It contributed in promoting rational allocation of medical resources and advancing the healthy development of the healthcare industry.