Abstract:Since 2025,the domestic corn market showed a trend of continuous price increase in the first half of the year and a weak decline in the second half during the evolution of the supply and demand pattern.The factors such as the purchase of the state reserve,the reduction of imports,the substitution of wheat,the change of production situation,the listing of new grains,and the lack of demand had led to the price of corn rising first and then falling.With the large-scale autumn harvest approaching,the corn market has entered a period of alternating supply between new and old grains.New grains have been listed one after another,and there is still destocking pressure on aged grains,the downward trend in spot price will continue.The overall demand market is tepid,and grain-using enterprises are cautious in their purchasing mentality.After the new grains are concentrated on the market in the later period,it is expected that the purchase price of corn will still be under pressure,but the downward space will be limited.

Abstract:Chitin is a commonly used biostimulant and soil conditioner in plant growth,which plays an important role in promoting plant root growth and enhancing stress resistance.This study aimed to understand the effects of exogenous chitin on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency conditions,Zhengmai 1860 was used as the test variety,300 mg/L chitin was sprayed at the two-leaf stage of wheat,and water was used as the control(CK).The relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),nitrogen content and nitrate reductase(NR)activity of leaves at 24,48 and 72 hours after fertilization,and the antioxidant enzymes[peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)]activity of leaves at 72 hours after fertilization were investigated.The results showed that the SPAD value and nitrogen content of wheat seedling leaves at 24 hours after chitin application were both higher than those of CK,while the NR activity was lower than that of CK.The SPAD value,nitrogen content and NR activity of wheat seedling leaves at 48 hours after chitin application were all higher than those of CK.The activities of NR and POD in the leaves of wheat seedlings at 72 hours after chitin application were higher than those of CK,while the nitrogen content and CAT activity were lower than those of CK,and the SPAD value and SOD activity were not significantly different from those of CK.In summary,exogenous chitin can improve the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency conditions.The results provide a theoretical basis for the use of chitin in wheat cultivation.

Abstract:The study explored the effects of drip application of seaweed fertilizer on the yield formation and seed quality of hybrid seed production in maize,aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the management of seedling water in hybrid seed production.The Leidan No.1 was used as the experimental maize variety,four treatments were established,including no fertilization treatment(CK),the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(CG),the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+3 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer(H1),and the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+6 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer(H2).The effects of different treatments on the growth indicators,biomass,yield traits and seed quality of female parent of hybrid seed production were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,number of leaves,leaf angle,SPAD value,leaf biomass,stem biomass and total biomass of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK at the big trumpet stage.At the silking stage,stem diameter,leaf area,number of leaves,leaf angle,SPAD value,leaf biomass,stem biomass,panicle biomass and total biomass of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK.The plant height of H1 and H2 was lower than that of CG,and the plant height of H1 was lower than that of CK.At the maturity stage,SPAD value,leaf angle,leaf biomass,stem biomass,panicles biomass,total biomass,panicles length,panicle thickness,number of rows per panicle,number of columns per panicle,yield,seed volume,thousand grain weight,germination rate and germination potential of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK.The germination indexes of H1 and H2 was higher than that of CK,and the germination indexes of H2 was higher than that of CG.The water content of H1 and H2 was higher than that of CK,and the water content of H1 was higher than that of CG.In addition,the correlation heat map results of seed quality traits showed that the germination potential was very significantly positively correlated with the germination rate,the thickness of seeds was extremely significantly positively correlated with the thousand grain weight,the width of seeds was significantly positively correlated with the thousand grain weight and extremely significantly positively correlated with the length of seeds,the length of seeds was significantly positively correlated with the thickness of seeds.In summary,compared with conventional fertilization,drip application of seaweed fertilizer can effectively improve the growth indicators,biomass,yield traits and seed quality of hybrid seed production female parent,and provide reference for water and fertilizer management of hybrid seed production.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the growth and yield of maize,Anyu 706 was used as the test maize variety in the Baizhuang Experimental Field of Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This experiment studied the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 0 kg/ha(treatment 1),293.5 kg/ha(treatment 2),423.9 kg/ha(treatment 3),554.3 kg/ha(treatment 4),684.8 kg/ha(treatment 5)on the growth period,agronomic traits,yield and economic benefits of maize.The results showed that,under the same ecological conditions,cultivation management and the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,the whole growth period of treatment 1 was the shortest.Treatment 4 had the highest stem thickness,panicle length,number of rows per panicle,number of grains per row,quality per thousand grains,yield,output value and income,and the shortest bald tip length.The plant height and panicle height of treatment 5 were the highest.Treatments 2,3,4 and 5 had the same ear diameter.In summary,too much or too little nitrogen fertilizer application has a negative impact on the growth and development of maize.Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application can improve the agronomic traits of maize and significantly increase the yield and economic benefits.

Abstract:Chlorogenic acid is one of the main active components in Eucommia ulmoides,and 4CL,C4H and PAL are the key genes for the synthesis of chlorogenic acid.In order to study the basic characteristics and expression patterns of the 4CL,C4H and PAL gene families in Eucommia ulmoides,the members of Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL gene families in Eucommia ulmoides were identified by bioinformatics methods,and their physicochemical properties,chromosome location,phylogenetic tree,gene structure,conserved motifs,Cis-elements in the promoter region and expression patterns of Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL genes in different tissues of Eucommia ulmoides and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides strains with different contents of chlorogenic acid were analyzed.The results showed that a total of seven members of the 4CL gene family,two members of the C4H gene family and five members of the PAL gene family were identified in the Eucommia ulmoides genome.The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that the amino acid length,relative molecular mass,isoelectric point and average hydrophilic value of Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL proteins were different to varying degrees.The analysis of chromosome location showed that the Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL gene families were distributed on nine chromosomes of Eucommia ulmoides.The analysis of phylogenetic tree showed that the Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL gene families had high homology with Populus trichocarpa and Arabidopsis thaliana.The analysis of gene structure showed that the Eu4CL gene family had 4 to 6 introns,the EuC4H gene family had 1 to 2 introns,and the EuPAL gene family had only one intron.The analysis of conserved motif showed that the Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL gene families all contained Motif1 to Motif9,which were highly conserved.The analysis of Cis-elements in the promoter region showed that there were a large number of Cis-elements involved in environmental stress response,plant hormone response and WRKY,MYB,bHLH transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL gene family.The expression pattern analysis showed that the expression levels of Eu4CL,EuC4H and EuPAL genes in different tissues of Eucommia ulmoides were different and had obvious tissue specificity.Among them,Eu4CL3,EuC4H1,EuPAL3 and EuPAL5 had higher expression levels in leaves,and Eu4CL7,EuC4H1,EuPAL3 and EuPAL4 had higher expression levels in xylem.In addition,the expression levels of Eu4CL3,EuPAL1 and EuPAL5 in the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content were higher than those of Eucommia ulmoides with low chlorogenic acid content.This study aimed to understand the basic characteristics and expression patterns of PAL,C4H and 4CL gene families in Eucommia ulmoides,and to provide reference for the breeding of Eucommia ulmoides strains with high chlorogenic acid content.

Abstract:Nicotine is a key indicator for assessing tobacco quality as an important alkaloid.In recent years,the impact of drought stress on the nicotine content in tobacco has attracted widespread attention.Research had shown that drought stress generally leads to a significant increase in the nicotine content in tobacco,thereby affecting its quality.The paper provides a detailed exposition of the pharmacological effects of nicotine and the molecular mechanisms related to nicotine synthesis.It also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which drought stress affects nicotine content in tobacco and proposes measures for the rational regulation of nicotine content.This study aimd to offer a new perspective on understanding the impact of drought stress on nicotine content in tobacco,to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the precise regulation of nicotine content,and to promote the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.

Abstract:This study aimed to identify the best peanut strains suitable for cultivation in Xuchang City,a comparative test of 13 new peanut strains was conducted in Changge City in 2024,the Yuhua 9326 was used as the control variety,and the growth period,main agronomic traits,disease situation,economic traits,fruit morphological and yield of the tested peanut strains(species)were investigated.The results showed that in terms of the growth periods,the whole growth periods of the strains C6601,C6602,C4160 and C6609 were shorter,and the whole growth periods of the strains C4210,C4253,C4212,C3465 and C4254 were longer.In terms of the main agronomic traits,the main stem height and lateral branch length of the strain C4212 were the longest,the total number of branches and the number of fruiting branches of the strain C6604 were the most,and the emergence rate of the strain C3454 was the highest.In terms of disease situation,the strains C4210,C4254 and C4212 showed mild resistance to net spot disease and leaf spot disease.In terms of economic traits,the strain C3465 had the highest full fruit rate,the strain C4254 had the highest 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight,the strain C4202 had the largest number of fruits per kilogram,the strain C4261 had the largest number of kernels per kilogram,the strain C4160 had the highest rice yield,and the strains C4212 and C4253 had higher single-plant productivity.In terms of yield,the pod yields of the strains C4212 and C4253 were both relatively high,reaching 539.62 and 527.18 kg/ha respectively.The seed kernel yields of the strains C4202,C4212 and C4253 were all relatively high,being 370.03,356.15 and 355.85 kg/ha respectively.In summary,the strains C4212,C4253 and C4202 have obvious advantages in high yield,stability and adaptability in Changge City,and are suitable for planting in Xuchang City and similar ecological areas.

Abstract:This study aimed to explore the effects of quercetin and melatonin pretreatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean under salt stress,Jiyu 441 was used as the test variety,and 45 and 100 mmol/L NaCl solutions were used to simulate salt stress.Melatonin and quercetin pretreatment at 15,25 and 40 μmol/L were set respectively,and distilled water pretreatment was used as the control.The germination index of soybean seeds,physiological index,salt tolerance index and stress resistance index of seedlings under different conditions were investigated.The results showed that under NaCl stress,the seed germination index and seedling growth index of soybean were inhibited,the content of malondialdehyde increased,resulting in oxidative stress.After pretreatment with melatonin and quercetin,the malondialdehyde content of soybean decreased significantly,which effectively alleviated the damage of NaCl stress on soybean seed germination.At the same time,the proline content of soybean seedlings was significantly accumulated after melatonin pretreatment,and the catalase activity was significantly increased after quercetin pretreatment.Among them,40 μmol/L melatonin and 40 μmol/L quercetin pretreatment had a better mitigation effect on NaCl stress,and the inhibitory effect of quercetin on salt stress was better than that of melatonin.The results of this study provide a reference for understanding the protective mechanism of melatonin and quercetin pretreatment on soybean seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress.

Abstract:Xinluzhong 87 is a high-yield,disease-resistant,high-quality,early and medium-maturing upland cotton variety bred by Xinjiang Hexin Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,which was approved by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Main Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2017.The variety showed high and stable yield,good fiber quality and strong adaptability in the demonstration and extension planting of Hami City in 2022-2024.The high-yield cultivation techniques from pre-sowing preparation to harvest in the whole growth period were expounded,aiming to provide technical support for the promotion of Xinluzhong 87 in Hami City and the sustainable development of the cotton industry.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen excellent flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for Bijie tobacco area,the local main flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the control,the agronomic traits,field disease incidence rate,economic traits,chemical composition and sensory quality of Yujinxiang 1,Yunyan 121,Ekao 030,Guiyan 4 and Guiyan 36 in Bijie tobacco area were compared,and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out.The results showed that from the perspective of agronomic traits,Yujinxiang 1,Yunyan 121,Ekao 030 and Guiyan 4 had strong field growth potential and good leaf opening.From the perspective of the field diseases incidence rate,Yunyan 121,Guiyan 4 and Ekao 030 had relatively strong resistance to field diseases.From the perspective of economic traits,Yunyan 121 had the highest output value and superior tobacco rate,which were 61 442.55 yuan/ha and 53.50%respectively.Yujinxiang 1 had the highest yield,which was 2 643.90 kg/ha.From the perspective of the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,the chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves of Guiyan 4,Ekao 030 and Yunyan 121 were relatively good.From the perspective of the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves of Yunyan 121 was relatively high.From the perspective of the comprehensive evaluation values,the comprehensive evaluation values of the tested flue-cured tobacco varieties from high to low was Yunyan 121,Ekao 030,Yujinxiang 1,Yunyan 87,Guiyan 4,Guiyan 36.In conclusion,Yunyan 121 is the most suitable for Bijie tobacco area.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen excellent special-purpose wheat varieties suitable for planting in Xinxiang County,the conventional high-yield wheat varieties Bainong 207 and Zhoumai 18 were used as controls,the demonstration planting yield comparison test of 16 special-purpose wheat varieties(lines)(Jiheimai No.1,Shangzi No.1,Xinping No.1,Xinping No.2,Yuzhouzimai No.3,Kezi No.1,Kezi No.2,Luliang No.2,Yanghe No.1,Henongnuo No.2,Henongzi No.1,Nongda 3753,Qingyanzimai No.1,Qingyanzimai No.2,Shancaimai 107,Shancaimai 407)was carried out in Qingfeng Farm,Qiliying Town,Xinxiang County between 2024-2025.The results showed that among the 16 special-purpose wheat varieties(lines),Xinping No.1 had the highest yield of 9 604.80 kg/ha,which was 1.41%higher than that of Bainong 207 and 3.60%higher than that of Zhoumai 18.It can be used as a priority choice for the industrialization promotion of special-purpose wheat in Xinxiang county.The research results provide a scientific basis for the development of special-purpose wheat industry in northern Henan.

Abstract:Based on the related literature on fresh corn in Peking University core journals included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)in 2020-2024 as the data source.The method of bibliometrics was used to analyze the publication volume,publishing institutions,authors,funding projects and keywords of the related literature on fresh corn.The results showed that the overall trend of research literature on fresh corn in China in 2020-2024 was relatively stable.The publishing institutions were mainly scientific research institutes.The journals and disciplines with the largest number of publications literature were'seed'and the disciplines of crops respectively.The research hotspots were mainly concentrated on disease and pest control,quality and yield.The research results provide a reference for the high-quality development of the fresh corn industry in China.

Abstract:Research on integrated pest and disease control technology of cucumber during the whole growth stage is important to ensure the high-quality development of cucumber industry in Henan Province.The occurrence characteristics and control measures of main diseases and insect pests of cucumber in Henan Province from sowing and seedling raising stage,transplanting and planting to flowering and fruit setting stage and fruit harvesting stage were described in detail,which provided a reference for cucumber growers.

Abstract:Luodou No.7 is a high-yielding,high-quality,and disease-resistant new summer soybean variety bred by the Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences through sexual hybridization and pedigree selection,using Xudou No.3 as the female parent and Zheng 120 as the male parent.It was approved by the Henan Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024(Approval number:Yushendou 20241016).In the 2021-2022 regional test of high-density soybean varieties in Henan Province and the 2023 production test of high-density soybean varieties in Henan Province,the average yield of Luodou No.7 was 3 364.40 kg/ha,which was 7.59%higher than that of the control variety Zheng 196.This study aimed to elaborate the parental sources,breeding process,characteristics and cultivation techniques of Luodou No.7,and to provide a scientific basis for the large-scale promotion and planting of this variety.

Abstract:In order to select the suitable honeysuckle varieties for planting in the cold and arid areas of northwest Gansu Province,ten varieties of honeysuckle were introduced from Shandong Province,Henan Province and other provinces,including Yujin No.1,Yujin No.2,Yujin No.3,Yujin No.4,Telei No.1,Yufeng No.1,Miyinhua No.1,Beihua No.1,Xianhua,Sijihua.The overwintering germination,cold resistance,flowering period,chlorophyll relative content,nitrogen content,yield and composition factors were determined.The results showed that Beihua No.1 and Telei No.1 had excellent cold tolerance with yield of 2 273.25 kg/ha and 1 922.70 kg/ha respectively were suitable for planting in the cold and arid areas of northwest Gansu Province.

Abstract:Sclerotinia rot was one of the main diseases affecting the yield and quality of rapeseed,which occurred widely in the rapeseed producing areas of Yicheng City,Hubei Province.Huayouza 5R was used as the test rape variety,and four combinations of fungicides treatments were set up,namely 20％fluopicolide suspension 750 mL/ha+25％prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 750 mL/ha(treatment 1),20％fluopicolide suspension 750 mL/ha(treatment 2),40％dimethachlon wettable powder 1 200 g/ha(treatment 3),20％fluopicolide suspension 750 mL/ha+25％prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 750 mL/ha+plant extract(including plant hormones such as seaweed,polypeptide amino acids,etc.)750 mL/ha+phosphorus and potassium large and medium element water-soluble fertilizer 750 mL/ha(treatment 4),control treatment(CK)does not prevent sclerotinia rot.After spraying at full-bloom stage,the safety,control effect,yield and composition factors,and economic benefits were investigated.The results showed that treatment 4 had the best control effect on sclerotinia rot.The disease incidence rate was 6.0％,the disease index was 2.44,and the disease index control effect was 93.46％.The yield and economic benefit were the highest,the yield was 3 917.70 kg/ha,which was 162.76％higher than that of CK,and the income was 18 752.04 yuan/ha,which was 141.86％higher than that of CK.The research results provide a reference for the prevention and control of sclerotinia rot in rape in Yicheng City.

Abstract:In order to clarify the quality characteristics and metabolite differences of the main air-cured tobacco varieties in Leshan County,Sichuan Province,Nie'er QING Qingmao(NQ)and Nie'er Qing Huangmao(NH)were used as test materials.After air-curing and fermentation,solid phase microextraction(SPME)combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze totacco leaves appearance quality,physical properties,chemical composition and sensory quality,and to detect totacco leaves aroma components and metabolites.The results showed that the appearance quality of NQ tobacco leaves was better than that of NH,which was more in line with the evaluation criteria of high-quality air-cured tobacco.From the perspective of physical properties,the leaf weight,equilibrium moisture content and tensile strength of NH tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of NQ,and the maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,single leaf weight,leaf thickness and stem content were not significantly different from those of NQ.From the perspective of chemical composition,the total sugar content,reduced sugar content,nicotine content,chlorine content and potassium content of NH tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of NQ,and the ratio of potassium to chlorine was significantly lower than that of NQ.From the perspective of sensory quality,the aroma level,comfort and sensory coordination of NH tobacco leaves were due to NQ.From the perspective of aroma components,the content of seven aroma substances in NH tobacco leaves was significantly higher than that of NQ,which were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone,1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,cotinine,(1'S,2'S)-nicotine-N'-oxide,hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane,1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine and 1-(3-pyridyl)ethanone.From the difference of metabolites,the contents of 8 metabolites in NH tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those in NQ,which were guanosine-5'-monophosphate,2-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate,L-cystathionine,γ-L-glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyric acid ester,isocitrate,L-tyrosine,L-glutamine and 5-deoxy-5-methylthioadenosine,respectively.The content of one metabolite was significantly lower than that of NQ,which was cytosine.In addition,KEGG enrichment results showed that the differential metabolites of NQ and NH tobacco leaves were significantly enriched in 20 pathways,which were closely related to plant nitrogen metabolism,energy metabolism and secondary metabolite synthesis.The results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality sun-cured tobacco varieties in Leshan City.

Abstract:In order to understand the most suitable planting density and row spacing of Luodou No.1,a split-plot experimental design was adopted.Two row spacings of 28 cm(H1)and 40 cm(H2)were set in the main-area,and three planting densities of 180 000 plants/ha(M1),240 000 plants/ha(M2)and 300 000 plants/ha(M3)were set in the sub-area.The agronomic traits and yield of Luodou No.1 under different treatments were investigated,and the correlation analysis was carried out.The results showed that the number of main stem nodes of Luodou No.1 was the highest under H1M1 treatment.The plant height,invalid pod number and 100-grain weight of Luodou No.1 were higher under H1M3 treatment.The effective pod number,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant and yield of Luodou No.1 were higher under H2M1 treatment.The bottom pod height and effective branch number of Luodou No.1 were higher under H2M2 treatment.The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly negatively correlated with the number of invalid pods.In summary,when the planting density was 180 000 plants/ha and the row spacing was 40 cm,the yield of Luodou No.1 was the highest,which was 6 166.98 kg/ha.

Abstract:In order to explore a scientific and reasonable comprehensive prevention and control technical scheme for maize pests and diseases,according to the occurrence of pests and diseases predicted by the National Agricultural Machinery Center in 2024,two comprehensive prevention and control technical schemes were designed with Qiule 618 as the test variety.Conventional prevention and control and no prevention and control were used as control treatments to investigate the seedling stage,the occurrence of pests and diseases(second-generation armyworm,southern rust,Curvularia leaf spot,ear rot,corn borer),yield and composition factors,and economic benefits.The results showed that the two comprehensive prevention and control technical schemes grew well at the seedling stage,and the seedling preservation rate and control effects on the second generation armyworm,southern rust,Curvularia leaf spot,ear rot and maize borer were better than those of the control treatment,and the yield and economic benefits were significantly improved.The research results provide a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of maize pests and diseases.

Abstract:In order to screen the substrate suitable for the growth of cucumber grafted seedlings,the pumpkin rootstock BZ-1 was used as the rootstock,and the North China type dense cucumber variety Bojie 616 was used as the scion.Four kinds of substrate treatments were established,which were Pinshi substrate(T1),Kaijila substrate(T2),Siying substrate(T3)and melon,fruit and vegetable seedling substrate(CK).The effects of different substrates on agronomic traits,photosynthesis and root morphology of cucumber grafted seedlings were studied,and the correlation between growth indexes was determined by correlation analysis.The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the root length,root projection area,root surface area and root tip number of cucumber grafted seedlings treated with T1 were better than those of other treatments.The root-shoot ratio,leaf area and relative chlorophyll content of cucumber grafted seedlings treated with T2 were better than those of other treatments.The fresh weight,dry weight,strong seedling index,root diameter and root volume of cucumber grafted seedlings treated with T3 were better than those of other treatments.The comprehensive ranking of entropy weight TOPSIS was T3>T2>T1>CK,among which the relative proximity C value of T3 treatment was 0.631,and the comprehensive performance was the best.The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the screening and application of substrate for the industrial seedling raising of cucumber grafted seedlings.