Abstract:To investigate the effect of humic acid application rate on post-flowering grain filling of Longzi black highland barley,Longzi hexagonal black highland barley was used as the test material,and humic acid treatments(CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4)were set at 0,150,300,450 and 600 kg/hm2 to analyze the differences in humic acid application rate on the phenotype,filling characteristic constants and correlation of Longzi black highland barley grains.The results showed that:(1)Applying humic acid can significantly increase the grain area,grain circumference,grain length,grain width,and actual thousand-grain weight of Longzi black highland barley,with T2>T3>T1>T4>CK.Compared with CK treatment,the theoretical thousand-grain weight of T1-T4 treatment increased by 2.01%～8.94%,and T2 treatment had the best effect.(2)The application of humic acid can significantly improve the grain filling rate(v),theoretical thousand grain weight and maximum grain filling rate occurrence time(tmax)of Longzi black highland barley.The maximum grain filling rate occurrence time(tmax)of T1 to T4 treatments was from 16.85 to 17.44 days after flowering,which was 3.10%,3.38%,2.47%and 1.55%earlier than that of the CK treatment,respectively.(3)The application of humic acid can significantly increase the maximum grain filling rate(vmax)of Longzi black highland barley,and the actual thousand-grain weight is positively correlated with vmax,t3,tb,tc,v2 and v3.Humic acid improves the grain filling ability and thousand-grain weight of black highland barley.It is recommended to use 300 kg/hm2 humic acid(T2)as the optimal fertilization scheme for Longzi black highland barley in production.

Abstract:In order to select the spring wheat varieties suitable for cultivation in Yanqi County,this study compared the cultivation of 11 different spring wheat varieties.A random block design was adopted to measure and analyze the agronomic traits,yield and quality traits of different spring wheat varieties.Meanwhile,principal component analysis and difference analysis were used to compare the quality and yield traits of different spring wheat varieties.Finally,cluster analysis was conducted on the yield and quality traits,dividing 11 spring wheat varieties into 4 groups and analyzing and summarizing the main characteristics of each group.The results show that the high-quality varieties are Hechun 115,Xinchun 44,and Hechun 121.The mass fractions of protein and gluten are all relatively high,and the quality performance is excellent.However,the yields are 7 723.5 kg/hm2,7 906.5 kg/hm2,and 7 737.0 kg/hm2 respectively,which are relatively low.The high-yield variety is Liangchun 1242,which has a relatively high yield but lower quality traits,such as protein and gluten mass fractions of 13.7%and 27.7%respectively.the high-yield and high-quality varieties are Xinchun 40 and Xinchun 37.Based on field performance and overall performance,Xinchun 40,Xinchun 37 and Liangchun 1242 are spring wheat varieties suitable for cultivation in the Yanqi area.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of prothioconazole on Fusarium head blight(FHB)control,yield and quality of different wheat varieties,the experiment was carried out by selecting three wheat varieties:high-susceptible variety Huawei 305,medium-susceptible variety Lianmai 186,and medium-resistant variety Lianmai 12.The translational sprinkler irrigation equipment was used for sprinkler irrigation to establish the conditions for the full incidence of FHB.The results showed that prothioconazole application could significantly reduce FHB occurrence,achieving control effect of disease incidence and disease index rate of 38.97%～71.88%and 29.36%～63.60%.Control effect was further improved with the increase of spraying times.Meanwhile,the control effect of prothioconazole on FHB of Huawei 305 was better than that of Lianmai 186 and Lianmai 12.The prothioconazole application treatment increased 1 000-grain weight and grain yield,while also improved processing quality parameters including protein content,wet gluten content,volume weight,sedimentation value,and farinograph characteristics.The effect of spraying twice was the optimal.By Comprehensive analysis of FHB control effect,grain yield and quality,there was a certain promoting effect on different disease-resistant wheat varieties by prothioconazole application.Among them,the promotion effect on the highly susceptible variety Huawei 305 was significantly greater than that of the moderately susceptible variety Lianmai 186 and the moderately resistant variety Lianmai 12.It was necessary to adjust the application scheme of FHB prevention and control according to the resistance of varieties,providing theoretical basis for the green production of wheat.

Abstract:To provide excellent geng rice varieties for the late rice planting areas in Hubei Province,Yangtze University,in collaboration with the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,took the self-bred variety Changnonggeng No.1 as the recipient parent and the early-maturing rice blast-resistant germplasm resource VE6219 as the donor parent to breed the new early-maturing and high-yield late geng rice variety Changnonggeng No.2 by the pedigree method.The whole growth period of this variety is 7.2 days earlier than that of the control Ewan 17,and the yield is 8.20%higher than that of Ewan 17,showing the characteristics of early maturity and high yield.The variety was approved by Hubei Province in 2022,with the approval number of Eshendao 20220036,which is suitable for planting as late rice in the rice blast-free areas or light disease areas of the double-cropping rice areas in Hubei Province.This paper introduces the breeding process,characteristics and key cultivation techniques of Changnonggeng No.2,in order to provide technical support for the promotion of Changnonggeng No.2.

Abstract:In order to optimize the industrialized seedling technology of fresh waxy corn and screen suitable seedling cultivation substrates,taking Suyunuo 11 and Suyunuo 818 as test varieties,this study analyzed the growth,dry matter accumulation of roots and aboveground,and the root-shoot ratio under Sanyi Nongye substrate(T1),Shouguang Hengxian substrate(T2)and Dahan Wosong substrate(T3).The results showed that different substrates had different effects on the seedlings of fresh waxy corn.Specifically,the Shouguang Hengxian substrate(T2)was superior to other substrates in improving the aboveground growth indexes of both varieties.For instance,the average plant height under T2 was 1.9%and 4.0%higher than that under T1 and T3 treatments,respectively,and the leaf area increased by 4.9%and 11.5%,while the Dahan Wosong substrate(T3)significantly increased root fresh weight by 57.1%and 6.9%,root dry weight by 112.9%and 71.6%,and root-shoot ratio by 123.9%and 96.3%compared to T1 and T2,respectively.Based on these findings,it is recommended to prioritize the Dasen Wosong substrate(T3)in the industrial seedling production of fresh waxy corn.

Abstract:To explore the effects of seeds with different sizes on the emergence and growth of seedlings in fresh waxy maize,the Suyunuo 11 was used as the material in the study.The tested seeds were divided into three grades:large,medium and small through vibrating sieves with different pore sizes,and the effects of seed size on the emergence rate,emergence index,vigor index,plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation were investigated.The results showed that compared with small-sized seeds(T3),the emergence rate of large-sized(T1)and medium-sized seeds(T2)were 31.7%and 26.4%higher respectively,the emergence indices were 55.9%and 34.1%higher respectively,vigor index I were 130.6%and 85.8%higher respectively,and vigor index II were 197.3%and 114.3%higher respectively.In term of dry matter accumulation of seedlings,the fresh weights of roots of large-sized(T1)and medium-sized(T2)seeds were 57.9%and 37.9%higher than those of small-sized seeds(T3)respectively,the fresh weights of above-ground parts were 56.7%and 42.1%higher respectively,and the total fresh weights of plants were 48.1%and 23.9%higher respectively.This study showed that seeds should be graded before sowing waxy maize,and larger seeds should be preferentially selected to improve the emergence rate and seedling uniformity.

Abstract:Shengdao 30 is a new high-quality and disease-resistant soft rice variety developed by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences using pedigree method with the high-quality early maturing variety Shengdao 19 as the maternal parent and the excellent taste soft rice variety Ning 5062 as the paternal parent.This variety has the characteristics of excellent quality,high yield,and strong disease resistance.It was approved by Shandong Province in 2021(Lushandao 20210005),with an average growth period of 157.2 days,a plant height of 89.2 cm,a spike length of 16.3 cm,148.1 grains per spike,and a thousand grain weight of 25.1 g.The milled rice rate is 67.6%,the chalkiness degree is 0.6%,the amylose content is 9.0%,the gel consistency is 78 mm,and the alkali digestion value is 7.0.It is a semi glutinous variety with excellent taste quality.This variety was granted to obtain new plant variety rights(CNA20184414.8)in 2022.In 2023,it was registered for introduction in Jiangsu Province[(Su)Introduction(2023)No.018].Shengdao 30 is suitable for planting in southern Shandong,southwestern Shandong,the Yellow River rice growing areas,and northern Jiangsu.

Abstract:Jinfengmai No.3 is a new nationally approved wheat variety(Approval Number:20230010)selected by Jiangsu Golden Agriculture Co.,Ltd.It is characterized by high yield,stable yield,good quality,short growth period and strong resistance.Jinfengmai No.3 has strong tillering ability,strong lodging resistance,good maturity appearance,moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight.The average yield of the regional trial in the winter wheat group of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for two consecutive years was 438.3 kg/667 m2,which was 8.38%higher than that of the control Yangmai 20,with a extremely significant level.This study systematically and in detail introduces the breeding process,agronomic traits,yield performance,quality and resistance,as well as key points of cultivation techniques of Jinfengmai No.3,in order to provide a reference for the breeding of new wheat varieties and high-yield cultivation techniques in the winter wheat group area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Abstract:Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice.In order to clarify the polymorphism of Hd1 genotype in rice varieties in Huang-Huai rice region and the regulatory effect of the different genotypes on heading date,this study compared the sequences of Hd1 gene of 54 rice varieties in Huang-Huai rice region and analyzed the heading date and maturity date of rice with different Hd1 genotypes.The results showed that 12 different mutant sites of Ginbouzu genotype in the tested varieties were detected,and were classified as 8 kinds of Type A-H genotypes.Type A genotype was detected in 3 geng rice varieties.Type B genotype was detected in 10 geng rice varieties.Type C genotype was detected in 2 geng rice introduced from Japan.Type D genotype was detected in 3 geng rice varieties.Type E was detected in only 1 geng rice variety.Type F,Type G and Type H were only detected in indica rice varieties.The Ginbouzu Hd1 genotype was detected in 28 geng rice varieties.The maturity date of rice varieties with Type A was significantly advanced,but the heading date was not significantly advanced.The heading date and maturity date of rice varieties with Type B were significantly delayed.Both Type C and Type D genotypes had a significant advance effect on heading and maturity of rice.The molecular marker of Type D genotype was developed and verified.The length of PCR product of Type D genotype was 107 bp,and that of Ginbouzu genotype was 150 bp,which could effectively distinguish the two different functional genotypes.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of polyacrylamide application on photosynthetic characteristics and biomass of black highland barley and provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of polyacrylamide in high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of highland barley,a single-factor randomized block design was employed.Using Longzi highland barley as the experimental material,five treatments with different polyacrylamide application rates were established:P0(0 kg/hm2,control),P1(6 kg/hm2),P2(12 kg/hm2),P3(18 kg/hm2),and P4(24 kg/hm2).The study compared the trends in photosynthetic characteristics,biomass,yield,and yield components of flag leaves under different polyacrylamide treatments.The results showed that:(1)Polyacrylamide application significantly enhanced the photosynthetic performance of flag leaves post-anthesis(P＜0.05),with the P2 treatment showing the most pronounced effect.The SPAD value,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of flag leaves peaked at 14 days post-anthesis,and P2 increased these parameters by 17.52%,27.95%,and 18.39%,respectively,compared to P0.The intercellular CO2 concentration peaked at 35 days post-anthesis,and P2 showing a 22.91%increase over P0.The net photosynthetic rate peaked at 7 days post-anthesis,with P2 demonstrating a 32.04%increase over P0.(2)Polyacrylamide application increased the biomass and root-shoot ratio of black highland barley.Compared to P0,the biomass under P1,P2,P3 and P4 treatments increased by 31.58%,64.10%,48.19%and 13.86%,respectively,while the root-shoot ratio increased by 2.60%,6.49%,5.19%and 1.30%,respectively.(3)Polyacrylamide application enhanced the yield of black highland barley.Among all the treatments,the yield of black barley under P2 treatment was the highest,reaching 6 588.08 kg/hm2.Therefore,an application rate of 12 kg/hm2 of polyacrylamide effectively improves the photosynthetic characteristics,biomass and yield of highland barley.

Abstract:Esimai 438 is a new silage barley variety developed by Institute of Food Crops of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences through targeted pedigree selection from the cross"E 32380//Edamai No.6//Edamai 934".Esimai 438 is a spring-type two-row barley variety with strong stem,strong tillering ability,high spike formation rate,strong comprehensive stress resistance and outstanding resistance to lodging.According to the multi-point joint evaluation trial of barley of Hubei Province from 2016 to 2018,the average grain yield of Esimai 438 was 384.86 kg/667 m2 in the two years,which was 8.71%higher than that of the variety HuaDamai No.9(CK).The average total growth period of Esimai 438 was 173.7 days,which was 1.7 days later than that of CK.The plant height was 81.10 cm,the number of spikes was 395 300 per 667 m2,the number of grains per spike was 24.00,and the thousand-grain weight was 41.62 g;the protein content of the grains(mass fraction)was 12.13%,the starch content was 52.85%,the lysine content was 0.44%,and the β-glucan content was 6.92%.According to the multi-point joint evaluation trial of silage barley of Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022,the dry matter yield of Esimai 438 was 975.90 kg/667 m2,which was 9.97%higher than that of the CK.To fully utilize Esimai 438 in barley silage production in Hubei Province and adjacent areas,the present article provides a detailed introduction to the parental characteristics,breeding process,characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of this variety,with the aim of providing technical support for its large-scale application in production.

Abstract:In view of the current ecological environment of water shortage and the changes of the national diet structure,a new characteristic wheat variety Donghei 1608 was bred by Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University through pedigree method with the self-bred line"08WB254"as the maternal parent and"Tai 10604"as the paternal parent.This variety was approved by Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022(Approval Number:Jinshenmai 20220016),with a plant height of about 85 cm,a spike number of about 4.95 million/hm2,a grain number of 32.9 grains/spike,and a 1 000-grain weight of 42.3 g.It was suitable for cultivation in dryland areas of the middle-maturing winter wheat region in southern Shanxi.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and planting of Donghei 1608,the parental origin and breeding process were introduced,the characteristics and yield performance were expounded,and the cultivation techniques such as pre-sowing preparation,pre-winter management,weed and frost damage prevention and control,post-management,and timely harvesting were summarized.

Abstract:The relationship between main agronomic traits and yield of maize was studied by correlation analysis,path analysis and grey correlation analysis based on the results of multi-point joint identification test of Maize in Yunnan Province in 2024.The results showed that among the main agronomic traits,the correlation degree with yield(correlation coefficient)was as follows:diameter(0.708 9)＞ear length(0.632 5)＞100 grain weight(0.538 1)＞rows per ear(0.512 1)＞seed yield(0.496 3)＞bald tip length(0.291 2)＞grains per row(0.218 0)＞ear height(-0.176 4)＞growth period(-0.177 8)＞plant height(-0.385 4)The contribution to yield(direct path coefficient)was as follows:ear diameter(0.381 0)＞ear length(0.345 5)＞seed yield(0.281 5)＞100 grain weight(0.243 1)＞rows per ear(0.206 6)>grains per row(0.157 8)＞ear height(0.155 8)＞bald tip length(-0.186 3)>growth period(-0.190 0)＞plant height(-0.196 8).The order of the correlation degree with yield was ear diameter(0.456 6)＞rows per ear(0.444 3)＞seed yield(0.409 0)＞ear length(0.392 8)＞bald tip length(0.369 0)＞100 grain weight(0.363 0)＞grains per row(0.347 0)＞growth period(0.269 2)＞plant height(0.250 3)＞ear height(0.231 3).The main factors affecting the yield of maize were ear diameter,ear length,seed yield and rows per ear.