Abstract:In the study,5-year plants of 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)introduced from Shandong Province and planted in Xingyang of Henan Province were used as experimental materials to determine their main economic characters and fruit internal and external quality indicator.The membership function method of fuzzy mathematics was used to evaluate the fruit quality of each variety(line).The results showed that differ-ent degrees of variation in fruit quality were observed among the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines).The varia-tion of total acid content was high with the coefficient of variation(CV)as 101.66％,and the content changed between 2.55 mg/g and 21.64 mg/g.The plant yield per plant,fruit cracking rate,single fruit weight,total kernel weight,hundred seed weight,skin thickness,total sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,reduced ascorbic acid and lignin content were 0.74 to 8.85 kg,0.00 to 52.17％,141.65 to 509.56 g,75.68 to 283.32 g,20.95 to 41.00 g,1.81 to 6.70 mm,277.14 to 457.17 mg/g,12.80 to 178.59,321.32 to 651.70 µg/g,and 0.18 to 0.37 mg/mg,respectively,and their CV values were all greater than 10％,suggesting a large degree of varia-tion among varieties(lines).The fruit juice yield,edible rate and soluble solid content were 75.51％to 83.51％,44.86％to 68.02％,and 14.47％to 16.33％,respectively,and their CV values were less than 10％being relatively stable.According to the average membership function value,the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)were divided into three categories.The first category including Zhuangyuanhong,Juzi Mi,Erbai,Qing-pi Tian,Gangliu,Daqingpisuan and Damaya with the membership function value ≥0.6,which had excellent quality.Five varieties including Taishanhong,Dahongpitian,Shuanghongbaoshi,Mengyanghong and Fayahong had the membership function value ranging from 0.5 to 0.6,so they were graded as varieties(lines)with me-dium fruit quality.The membership function value of Xiehuatian,Mudan Pomegranate and Qingpisuan were less than 0.5,so they had poor quality.In conclusion,the fruit quality of the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)showed different degrees of variation,and according to the fruit quality from high to low,they were sequenced as Zhuangyuanhong,Juzi Mi,Erbai,Qingpi Tian,Gangliu,Daqingpisuan,Damaya,Taishanhong,Dahong-pitian,Shuanghongbaoshi,Mengyanghong,Fayahong,Xiehuatian,Mudan Pomegranate and Qingpisuan.These results could provide references for selection of special pomegranate varieties.

Abstract:To explore the effects of different types of water-retaining agents on soil quality and organic acid of flue-cured tobacco,a plot experiment in field was conducted with commercially available water-retaining agent(T1),self-made polyvinyl alcohol water retaining agent(PVA/AA,T2),self-made biochar composite water-retaining agent(PVA/AA/B,T3),self-made potassium humate compound water-retaining agent(PVA/AA/HAK,T4),and no retaining agent application(CK).The effects of different water-retaining a-gents on the physicochemical properties of tobacco soil,and the organic acid content and economic properties of cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that T4 treatment had better effect,followed by T3,which obviously improved the soil properties and significantly increased the yield and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco compared with CK.Compared with CK,T4 treatment increased the soil moisture content,available phosphorus,available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in the whole growth period by 16.98％to 29.78％,16.44％to 18.11％,9.59％to 18.08％,15.16％to 25.00％,and 10.45％to 15.98％,as well as the soil urease and sucrase activities increased by 15.72％to 19.93％and 10.10％to 13.80％,respectively.T4 treatment significantly increased the total amount of non-volatile organic acids in to-bacco leaves,and the contents of malic acid and citric acid were increased by 53.68％and 68.29％compared to CK,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that malic acid content was significantly positively correlated with soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content;oxalic acid content was very significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content.In conclusion,the application of PAV/AA/HAK water-retaining agent could obviously improve soil quality,and increase the total amount of non-volatile organic acids and economic benefit of tobac-co leaves.

Abstract:Obtaining real-time and accurate information on cultivated land distribution is a critical task in modern land resource management and high-quality agricultural development.With the rapid development of satellite technology,remote sensing monitoring has gradually become an important method for extracting culti-vated land information.At the same time,deep learning technology has risen rapidly and is increasingly be-coming a pivotal technique for cultivated land extraction from remote sensing imagers.In this paper,recent re-search findings on cultivated land extraction both domestically and internationally were summarized,the limita-tions of traditional extraction algorithms,and the positive significance of high-resolution remote sensing images to cultivated land extraction were elaborated.The fundamental processes of cultivated land extraction were out-lined,and the primary development stages and research strategies of cultivated land extraction algorithms were reviewed,and the main optimization methods for such algorithms,and the application of multi-task network models were summarized.Finally,the limitations of current deep learning algorithms were discussed and future trends in the development of cultivated land extraction technologies were anticipated.

Abstract:In order to explore the feasibility of light and simplified fertilization on saline-alkali land and clarify its improving effect on quality of coastal saline-alkali soil,a field experiment of one-time application of different types of controlled-release fertilizer was carried out in saline-alkali land in Dongying,Shandong Prov-ince.Six fertilization treatments including no nitrogen fertilization(control,CK),farmer's habitual fertiliza-tion(FP),optimized fertilization(OPT),controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer A(CRFA,water based resin coated urea),controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer B(CRFB,polyurethane coated urea)and controlled-re-lease nitrogen fertilizer C(CRFC,humic acid type urea)were set to analyze the effects of different types of controlled-release fertilizer treatments on soil physicochemical properties and wheat yield in saline-alkali land.The results showed that compared with FP treatment,the wheat yield in OPT,CRFA,CRFB and CRFC treat-ments increased by 5.9％,17.6％,29.6％and 17.2％,respectively,and in 0～20-cm soil layer,the inorganic nitrogen content at wheat maturity stage increased by 18.6％,121.9％,175.4％and 144.6％,the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 74.4％,95.1％,172.0％and 115.6％,and the total amount of soluble salt ions de-creased by 4.9％,7.2％,9.5％and 9.1％,respectively.Compared with FP treatment,the proportion of＞2 mm and 0.5～1 mm particle size aggregates in CRFA,CRFB and CRFC treatments increased by 166.2％,133.8％,90.0％and 40.3％,34.3％,62.7％,respectively,while the proportion of＜0.053 mm particle size aggregates significantly decreased by 78.4％,73.8％and 52.5％,respectively.One-time application of con-trolled-release nitrogen fertilizer could improve the physicochemical properties of mild saline-alkali soil,and the one-time application of CRFB had the best effect on coastal saline-alkali soil improvement and wheat yield promotion under the present experimental conditions.

Abstract:To explore the mitigation effect of exogenous nitric oxide(NO)on inhibition of salt stress to maize seed germination and seedling growth,using the variety Longdan 339 seeds as test material,the experi-ment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations(0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L)of sodi-um nitroprusside(SNP,NO donor)on seed germination,seedling growth and physiological properties of maize under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress.The results showed that the germination rate,germination potential,vig-or index and germination index of seeds,and root length,bud length,root fresh weight and bud fresh weight of seedlings under NaCl stress treatment(condition control)were significantly reduced compared with the blank control(CK);the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities in roots and shoots increased significantly,and the catalase(CAT)activity decreased significantly;the contents of soluble sug-ars,proline and malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly.After soaking seeds with suitable concentra-tions of SNP,the seed germination characteristics and seedling growth related indicators were significantly im-proved compared with NaCl stress treatment,the activities of CAT,SOD and POD in roots and buds were sig-nificantly improved,the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars were further significantly promoted,and the MDA content was significantly reduced.Among which,soaking seeds with 0.2 mmol/L SNP had the best effect,which significantly enhanced the resistance of maize seeds and seedlings to salt stress.These results could provide the theoretical basis and data support for the improvement of salt resistance at maize germination stage.

Abstract:To clarify the effects of planting density on grain yield,agronomic traits,nitrogen accumula-tion,and grain protein content of late-sown wheat,the experiment was carried out by setting different planting densities(D1:3.00 million plants per hectare;D2:3.60 million plants per hectare;D3:4.20 million plants per hectare;D4:4.80 million plants per hectare)for two wheat varieties of Jimai 22 and Shannong 20 in 2021-2022 at the Jiyang Experimental Base of Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that under the conditions of late sowing,planting density had light effects on plant height and spike length of Jimai 22,but the plant height of Shannong 20 under D3 density significantly increased by 5.5％and 6.4％compared with D1 and D2 densities,respectively,and the spike length significantly increased by 8.3％compared with D1 density.The spikelet number of Jimai 22 and Shannong 20 under D3 density was significant-ly higher than that under D4 density by 8.7％and 10.4％,respectively,while the number of sterile spikelet significantly reduced by 28.3％and 37.4％,respectively.Jimai 22 had higher nitrogen accumulation in grains and plants under D3 and D4 densities,while Shannong 20 had the highest nitrogen accumulation under D3 density.Density had no significant effect on total protein content of Jimai 22 and Shannong 20,but significant-ly affected the content of protein components.The contents of albumin and gliadin in Jimai 22 grains were bet-ter under D3 density,which were 17.7％and 21.2％,and 5.0％and 13.9％higher than those under D1 and D2 densities,respectively.The content of gliadin and glutelin in the grains of Shannong 20 were the best under D3 density,and that of gliadin was significantly increased by 45.9％,11.9％and 7.6％compared with D1,D2 and D4 densities,respectively,while that of glutelin was significantly increased by 11.9％and 6.7％com-pared with D1 and D2 densities,respectively.The two varieties had higher spike number under D3 and D4 densities,while the kernels per spike,1 000-grain weight and grain yield reached the highest level under D3 density.The grain yield of Jimai 22 under D3 density was significantly higher than that under D1 density by 11.5％,and that of Shannong 20 was significantly higher than that under D1 and D2 densities by 8.8％and 6.0％,respectively.In summary,under the conditions of late sowing,the agronomic traits of Jimai 22 and Shannong 20 were better under the planting density of 4.20 million plants per hectare(D3),the yield compo-nents were the most reasonable,the nitrogen accumulation in grains was the highest,and the composition of grain protein composition was stable,so the synergistic improvement of grain yield and quality was achieved fi-nally.This conclusion could provide the data support and theoretical basis for planting density selection of Ji-mai 22 and Shannong 20 under late sowing conditions.

Abstract:In order to explore the spatial and temporal effects of the formation of high-quality upper leav-es of flue-cured tobacco in Weining tobacco area of Guizhou Province,a two-factor randomized block experi-ment was conducted to study the effects of transplanting and topping periods on agronomic traits of upper leaves and economic traits of cured leaves of Yunyan 87.The correlations of the indexes related to ripening and senes-cence with carbon and nitrogen metabolites in the field period,and endogenous hormones in leaves with chem-ical compositions of cured tobacco leaves were also analyzed.The results showed that under T5 treatment(transplanted on April 20 and topping at initial flowering time),the upper leaves reached mature state in ma-ture period,and the cured tobacco yield,production value and top-grade tobacco rate reached the maximum values.Catalase(CAT)activity in the field period was significantly correlated with total sugar,nicotine and total nitrogen contents of cured tobacco,indicating it was one of the key enzymes affecting the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves;auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents significantly affected the content of reducing sugar and total sugar of cured tobacco.Under the same transplanting period,the leaf IAA,ABA and gibberellin(GA3)contents were lower on the whole when topping at initial flowering time,while zeatin-riboside(ZR)content was higher,indicating that the endogenous hormones were more coordina-ted when topping at initial flowering time,which was also the prerequisite for producing high-quality cigarettes.Comprehensive analysis showed that in Weining tobacco area,transplanting on April 20 and topping at initial flowering time could made the upper leaves grow well and obtain the best maturity in field,which was condu-cive to the formation of high-quality upper leaves,and so the economic traits of cured tobacco performed the best.

Abstract:Due to the complex and varied textural features and spatial distribution characteristics of tea garden in satellite remote sensing images,it is a challenge to effectively recognize tea garden using traditional methods.Therefore,this study was aimed to achieve precise identification of tea gardens through satellite re-mote sensing images combined with high-precision semantic segmentation technology.Firstly,according to the satellite images of Rizhao City,the Labelme tool was utilized to accurately annotate the textural information of tea gardens and construct a dataset of tea garden remote sensing images.Based on this dataset,seven semantic segmentation models such as Vgg-unet,Resnet50-unet and Segformer_b2 were trained using data augmentation techniques for precise identification of tea gardens.The results indicated that among the seven models,Seg-former_b2 showed the best property with accuracy of 91.29％,recall rate of 91.09％,mean intersection over union(mIoU)of 84.45％and F1-score of 91.20％for tea garden remote sensing image segmentation.To fur-ther enhance the performance of the Segformer_b2 model in identifying tea gardens,the multi-head context at-tention(MCA)mechanism was introduced,and strided convolution was integrated to enhance the model's a-bility to capture key textural features of tea gardens and its perception and processing capabilities for local de-tails in the images.The improved Segformer-b2 model exhibited enhanced performance in tea garden remote sensing image segmentation with accuracy increased to 91.31％,recall rate increased to 92.97％,mIoU in-creased to 85.87％,and F1-score increased to 92.12％,which could achieve the high precision and efficiency identification of tea gardens remote sensing images.This study could not only provide strong support for future precise identification and management of tea gardens,but also showcase the potential of satellite remote sens-ing technology in the agricultural field.

Abstract:To explore the Cd enrichment characteristics,enzyme activity and dynamic growth status of the medicinal parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong under different concentrations of cadmium(Cd)stress,the pot-ted method was used to study the effects of 0(CK),1,3,6 and 10 mg/kg Cd treatments on various growth indicators of L.chuanxiong at seedling stage,secondary stem and leaf formation stage and harvest stage,an-tioxidant enzymes activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content at the secondary stem and leaf formation stage,and different mineral elements and cadmium contents at harvest stage.The results showed that compared with CK,the plant height of L.chuanxiong during the secondary stem and leaf formation period,as well as the plant height,petiole length,leaflet length and rhizome weight at harvest stage,were significantly inhibited un-der 1 mg/kg Cd treatment;the leaflet length and leaflet width at seedling stage,the stem diameter and leaflet length at the secondary stem and leaf formation stage,and the leaflet width,tiller number,stem diameter and node diameter at harvest stage of L.chuanxiong were promoted under 6 mg/kg Cd treatment;the petiole length and leaflet length at seedling stage and the plant height during the secondary stem and leaf formation period were significantly reduced under 10 mg/kg Cd treatment.Different concentrations of Cd stress promoted the en-zyme activity and MDA content of Ligusticumchuanxiong.Among which,6 and 10 mg/kg Cd treatments signif-icantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and glu-tathione reductase(GR),and the MDA content significantly increased under 10 mg/kg Cd stress.Compared with CK,the contents of Mn,Al and Cu in L.chuanxiong decreased under different concentrations of Cd stress,and the 1 mg/kg Cd treatment significantly reduced the Cu content.In summary,as a species of cadmi-um-accumulating plant,the higher the cadmium concentration was in soil,the more obvious enrichment was in L.chuanxiong;cadmium stress had different effects on its growth at seedling stage,secondary stem and leaf development stage and rhizome expansion stage,and caused membrane lipid peroxidation,but induced the in-crease of antioxidant enzymes activities to reduce Cd toxicity to plants and maintain the growth of L.chuanx-iong.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different varieties and planting densities on agronomic charac-ters,yield and quality of safflower,and to select the variety and density of safflower suitable for the"Weihon-ghua"area,6 safflower varieties were used in this experiment and 3 planting densities were set(D1:333 000 plants per hectare;D2:167 000 plants per hectare;D3:111 000 plants per hectare).A comparison experi-ment was conducted by using random block arrangement method,and the differences of agronomic traits,flow-er yield,seed yield and chemical constituents in flowers and seeds among treatments were measured and com-pared.The results showed that compared with the other varieties under the same density,Xinjiang Big Fruit Ball(P5)was the dominant variety with the plant height,main stem diameter,secondary branch number,bud number,bud diameter,flower and seed yield,seed oil content and seed soluble sugar content significant-ly higher.For the same variety,D2 was the most suitable planting density.With the increase of planting densi-ty,the plant height and flower and seed yield increased,while the main stem diameter,bud diameter,prima-ry and secondary branch number,bud number,and seed oil,protein,soluble sugar and starch contents de-creased.Taken these traits together,D2 density performed well among the three density treatments.To sum up,the suitable variety for planting in the"Weihonghua"area was Xinjiang Big Fruit Ball with a planting density of 167 000 plants per hectare,that was,30 cm of row spacing and 20 cm of plant spacing.

Abstract:Anthocyanidin synthase(ANS)is a key enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of leucoantho-cyanidin to anthocyanidin in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.The full-length cDNA sequence of ANS genes were cloned from Scutellaria baicalensis with bluish-purple,rose-red and white flowers using RT-PCR method,and were named as SbANS-b,SbANS-r and SbANS-w,respectively.Sequence alignment showed that SbANS-b,SbFANS-r and SbANS-w had differences at positions 16,194,242,331,875,945 and 947 bp,and there were three amino acid different in SbANS-B,SbANS-R and SbANS-W proteins.Bioinformatics anal-ysis revealed that all the three SbANS proteins belonged to leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase like protein super-family and were located in cytoplasm.The SbANS protein had a typical 2OG-Fe Ⅱ_Oxy conserved domain and other sequences involved in binding DHQ-2,MES/ascorbate,iron ion,2OG and DHQ-1.Phylogenetic evolu-tion based on ANS protein sequence indicated that S.baicalensis was closely related to Salvia hispanica,which were clustered in one branch,followed by Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana.Expression analysis showed that the expression level of SbANS gene was the highest in bluish-purple flowers.With the flower development,the expression level of SbANS gene in bluish-purple flowers showed the trend of decreasing firstly and then in-creased,while that showed the trend of increasing gradually in rose-red flowers and increasing firstly and then decreasing in white flowers.There were extremely significant differences among the different stages of flower development in bluish-purple and rose-red flowers.These results would provide important guidance for further research on the functional differences of SbANS gene in S.baicalensis with different flower colors and revealing the molecular mechanism of color variation.

Abstract:In order to clarify the effects of different irrigation quotas on plant traits,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize in the northwest Shandong Province,this experiment was carried out using'Zheng-dan 958'as test material.In 2023,the rain-sheltered test pits with bottoms were used to set 8 irrigation quota treatments of 80,160,240,280,320,360,400 and 480 mm in the whole growth period,which were recor-ded as M1,M2,M3,M4,M5,M6,M7 and M8,respectively.The effects of different treatments on maize plant traits,physiological and biochemical indices,dry matter accumulation,yield components and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that when the irrigation quota was 320 mm(M5 treatment),the plant height,number of nodes under the ear,length under the ear and leaf area index of summer maize were the largest,the plant height increased significantly by 21.8％compared with M1 treatment,and the leaf area index increased significantly.The leaf SPAD value of M5 treatment was the largest,the activities of catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and the malondialdehyde(MDA)content were the lowest,and the ascorbate peroxidase(APX)activity was slight higher than that of M6 treatment with no significant difference.The dry weight of maize ears of the M5 treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments,which increased by 129.5％compared with M1 treatment;the root dry weight was significantly higher than that of the other treatments except M6 treatment.The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of M5 treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments,which increased by 131.9％and 20.6％respectively compared with M1 treatment.Under the experimental conditions,the irrigation quota of 320 mm could not only achieve high yield of summer maize in the northwest plain of Shandong Province,but also sig-nificantly improve the plant growth,dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency,so promote high yield and high efficiency of maize production.

Abstract:In order to establish a rapid non-destructive detection model of near-infrared spectroscopy for oil content of Cyperus esculentus tubers and to improve the efficiency of early generation selection of breeding materials,109 samples of C.esculentus tubers were used as experimental materials in this study.The near-in-frared spectra with a wavelength range from 950 to 1 650 nm and a resolution of 1 nm were collected,and the crude fat content of the tubers was determined by Soxhlet extraction method.After eliminating abnormal sam-ples,a total of 103 samples were obtained which were then divided into calibration set and validation set in a ratio of 3∶1 by SPXY method.The original spectra were preprocessed by standard normal transformation,mul-tiple scattering correction,first derivative,second derivative,SG smoothing and their hybrid methods,respec-tively,to establish the partial least squares regression(PLSR)model.Through comparing and analyzing the performance of the models,the MSC+SG method with better pretreatment effect on both the calibration set and the validation set was selected for the construction of the oil content detection model of C.esculentus.Then,the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),uninformative variable elimination(UVE)algorithm and MLP neural network were used to extract the characteristic wavelengths,and the PLSR model was constructed.The results showed that 115 and 251 characteristic bands were extracted by CARS and UVE algorithms,re-spectively,with the modeling effect better than that of the full-band.The CARS-PLSR model had the best pre-diction performance with the root mean square error(RMSE)of cross-validation(RMSECV)and coefficient of determination(R2CV)of the calibration set were 1.328 and 0.903 respectively,and the RMSEP and RP of the validation set were 1.206 and 0.888 respectively,and the relative analysis error(RPDP)of the validation set was 3.040.The prediction accuracy of the MLP-PLSR model was close to that of the CARS-PLSR model with RMSECV and R2CV were 1.387 and 0.903,RMSEP and RP were 1.207 and 0.887,and RPDP was 3.040,but the extracted characteristic wavelengths were only 77 which was the fewest among the three methods,indicating that the MLP method could more effectively reduce the spectral information overlap and filter out irrelevant in-formation,and was more suitable for the oil content detection of C.esculentus.In summary,this study prelimi-narily established a rapid and non-destructive detection model of oil content in C.esculentus tubers based on near-infrared spectroscopy,which could provide an effective method for improving the detection efficiency for breeding work and provide technical support for non-destructive detection of oil content in C.esculentus.

Abstract:In order to evaluate and identify the salt tolerance of radish in early stage,this study used 6 different radish germplasms as materials and screened the appropriate salt concentration to evaluate the salt tol-erance at germination stage.Based on the screened salt concentration,the stress tests were carried out on 107 radish germplasms to analyze its effects on 8 characters including germination potential,germination rate,rela-tive germination potential,fresh weight of sprout,root length of sprout,relative root length,sprout length and relative sprout length.Then the salt tolerance at germination stage was comprehensively evaluated by correla-tion analysis,principal component analysis,membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that when NaCl concentration was 200 mmol/L,the germination potential and germination rate of all the six radish germplasms decreased significantly,but the germination rate of most materials was still about 60％,so it was chosen as the appropriate concentration for salt tolerance evaluation.At this salt concentration,107 radish germplasms at germination stage were treated and all the 8 characters showed some variation,a-mong which,the coefficient of variation of germination potential was the largest and that of sprout length was the smallest.Under salt stress,significantly positive correlations were observed among germination potential,germination rate,root length of sprout,relative germination rate,relative root length and relative sprout length.The principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was as high as 80.687％.The membership function method and cluster analysis were used to rank and cluster the tested radish germplasms respectively,and their results were in good consistency.Five germplasms with strong salt tolerance were selected,which were No.101(Chunbaiyu),No.70(Yang-zhou Yuanbai),No.89(Degaoliangfenghong),No.79(Huaxiayipin)and No.91(Yidianhong).The results of this study could provide data support for salt tolerance evaluation and new insight for new salt-tolerant varie-ty breeding of radish in the future.

Abstract:The soft solute type peach of'Xiahui 5',hard solute type peach of'Baojiahong'and hard type peach of'Baojiajun'were used as test materials in the experiment.The changes of fruit weight loss rate,firmness,respiration rate,contents of soluble sugar,total soluble solid(TSS)and starch,and amylase(AMS)activity during postharvest storage at 25 ℃ were studied.The results indicated that the fruit weight loss rate,firmness,respiration rate,contents of TSS,sucrose,glucose and starch,and AMS activity of'Xiahui 5'had significant differences from those of'Baojiajun'and'Baojiahong'on the sixth day of storage,and'Xiahui 5'arose the peak of respiration[153.76 mg/(kg·h)]on the second day of storage,so it had shorter storage period.The fruit weight loss rate and respiration rate of'Baojiahong'were significantly lower than that of'Xiahui5'and'Baojiajun',while the firmness and starch content of'Baojiajun'were significantly higher than those in the other two varieties.The AMS activity in the three types of peach fruits showed the trend of de-creasing first and then increasing and later decreasing again.Correlation analysis demonstrated that there were negative correlation between fruit weight loss rate and starch content and positive correlation between firmness and starch content among different types of peach fruits,among which the significantly positive correlation(r=0.83,0.85)between firmness and starch content were observed in'Baojiahong'and'Baojiajun'.In short,the storage quality of'Baojiahong'was better than that of'Xiahui5'and'Baojiajun',and starch degrada-tion affected the storage quality of peach fruits.

Abstract:This experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound trace elements on production performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of Wenshang Luhua chickens.A total of 240 Wens-hang Luhua chickens with similar body weight and laying rate were randomly divided into 4 groups.The control group was fed a basal diet without addition of compound trace elements;groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the experi-mental groups with 150,450 and 750 g/t compound trace elements added into the basal diet,respectively.The pre-test period was 2 weeks with basal diet,and the test period was 8 weeks.The results were as follows.① Adding 150 g/t compound trace elements could significantly increase the laying rate(P＜0.05)and signifi-cantly reduce the unqualified egg rate(P＜0.05).Adding 450 g/t and 750 g/t compound trace elements could significantly increase the average egg weight and egg production rate(P＜0.05),and significantly reduce the unqualified egg rate(P＜0.05).② The addition of compound trace elements significantly increased eggshell strength,eggshell thickness and eggshell ratio(P＜0.05).③ Adding 150 g/t compound trace elements tended to increase serum calcium content(P=0.065),significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity(P＜0.05),and significantly increased immune globulin IgG and IgM,calcium-binding protein S100 B,parathyroid hormone(PTH),osteocalcin(OC),luteinizing hormone(LH)and calcitonin(CT)concentrations(P＜0.05).Adding 450 g/t compound trace elements could significantly increase serum calcium content,T-AOC,GSH-Px activity,SOD activity,IgA,IgG,IgM,S100 B,PTH,LH,estradiol E2 and CT concentrations(P＜0.05),and significantly reduce serum malondialdehyde content(P＜0.05).Addition 750 g/t compound trace elements significantly increased serum calcium content,T-AOC,GSH-Px activity,SOD activity,IgG,IgM,S100 B,LH,E2 and CT concentrations(P＜0.05),and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde con-tent(P＜0.05).In summary,dietary supplementation of compound trace elements could significantly improve the laying performance,eggshell quality,antioxidant capacity and immune function of Wenshang Luhua chick-ens,and the appropriate supplemental level was 450 g/t in the test conditions.

Abstract:In order to clarify the appropriate planting density and reasonable potassium application level for peanut intercropping with apricot trees in Turpan,Xinjiang,the experiment was conducted using random-ized block test with the locally cultivated variety Luhua 9 as test material.Three planting densities were set as 238.3 thousand(D1),170.8 thousand(D2)and 136.2 thousand(D3)holes per hectare,and five potassium fertilizer levels were set as 0(K1),45(K2),105(K3),150(K4),and 225(K5)kg·hm-2.The effects of different planting densities and potassium fertilizer levels on peanut photosynthesis,physiological character-istics and yield were studied under intercropping with apricot trees.The results showed that at the potassium application level of K4 and planting density of D2,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr,except for the seedling stage)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of peanut functional leaves were the highest at all growth stages,and except Pn and Tr at seedling stage,significant differences were observed among differ-ent potassium fertilizer levels;the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)was the lowest and significantly lower than that of other potassium fertilizer levels except K5.Under different planting densities,the activities of su-peroxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)in peanut functional leaves showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of potassium fertilizer level at various growth sta-ges,and reached the peak under K4 treatment showing significant differences compared to most of other potas-sium fertilizer levels.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in leaves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of potassium fertilizer level,and reached the lowest under K4 treatment show-ing significant differences compared to most of other potassium fertilizer levels.Under different planting densi-ties,the yield of peanut pods was the highest in K4 treatment,which was significantly higher than that of other potassium fertilizer treatments(except K5 under D3).From the above,it could be concluded that under the conditions of this experiment,the planting density and potassium level were optimal at 170.8 thousand holes per hectare and 150 kg·hm-2,respectively,which could be recommended as the planting management modes for peanut intercropped with apricot trees.

Abstract:Biochar application is one of the important ways to improve soil quality,enhance soil produc-tivity and increase crop yield.In order to clarify the effects of different biochar application rates on soil nutrient content,microbial community structure and maize growth,and analyze the key soil factors affecting the in-crease of maize biomass,the pot experiment was conducted using the salinized fluvo-aquic soil.Four biochar treatments were designed on the basis of conventional application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potas-sium(K)fertilizer:no biochar(B0),1％biochar(B1),3％biochar(B3)and 5％biochar(B5).The re-sults showed that soil organic carbon(SOC)content was significantly increased by biochar application com-pared to B0,and increased with the increase of biochar application rate with an average increase amplitude of 284.02％(91.79％～431.99％).Biochar application could significantly increase soil total nitrogen,alkali-hy-drolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,pH value,bacterial richness,bac-terial diversity,fungal richness and fungal diversity,and the average increase amplitude of the 3 biochar treat-ments were 102.25％,31.81％,33.32％,63.89％,3.89％,60.07％,12.21％,96.13％and 22.42％,respec-tively.Meanwhile,maize plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,SPAD value,biomass and NPK absorption a-mount at seedling stage were significantly increased.Correlation analysis results showed that the increase of maize biomass was mainly due to the regulation of SOC,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH,bacterial and fungal richness,and fungal diversity.Overall,biochar application could significantly increase SOC,improve soil nutrient supply and microbial community structure,and so promote maize growth compared to B0 treatment,although there were differences in regulation effects of different biochar application rates on soil quality and maize growth.These results could provide theoretical sup-ports for biochar application strategy,quality improvement and productivity enhancement of salinized fluvo-aquic soil.

Abstract:With the rapid development of livestock husbandry,the conventional feed sources have been unable to meet the needs of livestock production in China.Therefore,it is urgent to develop and utilize new feed materials,expand feed sources,and alleviate the contradiction between human and animal competing for food.Feed mulberry has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition and rich content,good stress resistance and high yield,so it has great potential for development.It also can improve the stress resistance of livestock and poultry,improve the quality of livestock and poultry products.Therefore,the research progress of feed mul-berry was summarized from the aspects of biological characteristics,nutritional value,functional active sub-stances and its application in livestock and poultry production in this paper.And then,some policy and techni-cal advices were put forward for the feed mulberry industry development in Shandong Province,aiming to pro-vide the reference for further development and utilization of feed mulberry in Shandong Province.

Abstract:In order to select Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties that are suitable for local cultivation and have strong cold resistance,this experiment was conducted using five Z.bungeanum varieties,namely'Gou-jiao','Shizitou','Longnan Dahongpao','Taian 1'and'Hanyuan Qingjiao'as experimental materials.Six temperatures of 0,-5,-10,-15,-20,-25℃were set to study the change of physiological and biochemi-cal indicators in the branches and leaves of each Z.bungeanum variety under different low temperature stres-ses,and the membership function method was used to evaluate the cold resistance of each Z.bungeanum vari-ety.The results showed that,with the continuous decrease of temperature,the relative conductivity and proline(Pro)content in branches of the five Z.bungeanum varieties showed the straight upward trend;the activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing;the malondialdehyde(MDA)content showed a"S"shaped change trend,while the content of leaf chlorophyll showed a straight downward trend.The comprehen-sive analysis and evaluation result on physiological and biochemical responses of the five Z.bungeanum varie-ties under low temperature treatments by membership function method showed that cold resistances of the five Z.bungeanum varieties were'Longnan Dahongpao'＞'Hanyuan Qingjiao'＞'Shizitou'＞'Taian 1'＞'Gou-jiao'.