1Clinical treatment strategies for defective direct composite resin restorationsLI Ji-yao, TAO Si-ying, ZHANG Min435-4402Histological evaluation of early soft tissue healing after periodontal microsurgery in caninesLUO Xin-yu, DU Shu-ning, CHEN Dong441-4473Study on CBCT measurement of maxillary premolar root canal morphology and age-related changes in individuals across various age groupsLIANG Jin, WANG Jian, WANG Ke, LIU Yan448-4554In vitro study of the effect of final rinse solution on dentin tubule permeability of root canal sealerLI Shi-ya, HUANG Hui, WANG Li-juan, TANG Chen, ZHOU Yan-ping, YANG Hui, PAN Xiao-ting, LI Hui456-4615A retrospective analysis of the detection of the middle mesial canal and middle distal canal and its related influencing factors of the mandibular first permanent molar using Dental operating microscope and ultrasonic equipmentZHENG Gui-ting, XIANG Kun, LI Wu-li, WANG Lu, SUN Cheng, LI Song462-465,4706An experimental study of reality enhancement technology in root canal treatment with open pulp accessWENG Xun-ben, PAN Yi-huai, HOU Zeng-tao, QU Yuan-ju, CAI Zhi-bin466-4707Research progress on the impact of bile acids on the health of periodontal tissuesZHANG Zhao-jia, TIAN Wen, XU Xin-yue483-489,4968Exploration of inference decryption learning(IDL)in endodontics teachingLI Shao-rong, ZHANG Chen490-496