Abstract:To clarify the application effects of a novel seedling substrate based on new material substrate fiber for machine-transplanted rice,three treatments were established including seedling fiber,commercial substrate,and conventional nutrient soil.The study investigated the impact of different substrates on rice seedling quality and yield from various aspects of seedling quality,root vigor,root ball formation,transplanting quality,tillering dynamics,yield and its contributing factors.The results showed that compared to commercial substrates and nutrient soil,substrate fiber treatment significantly improved the quality of rice seedlings and promoted root growth.The seedling stem base width increased by 5.4%and 11.9%,and the seedling fullness increased by 3.8%and 2.7%,respectively.The root ball formation was optimal,and root binding strength reached 155.6 N.After transplanting,the tillering of rice occurred rapidly,the panicle-bearing tiller rate increased,and the number of panicles per unit area at maturation stage was the highest,resulting in yield increases of 2.7%and 5.0%,respectively.Overall,the use of substrate fiber for seedling cultivation demonstrated promising effects and has potential for promotion and application in machine-transplanted rice cultivation.

Abstract:Yinuohong 626 is a new conventional waxy sorghum variety for liquor-making bred by Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences with Qingkeyang sorghum as maternal parent and Yinuohong No.2 as paternal parent.Its registration number is GPD sorghum(2025)510003.It has the characteristics of high amylopectin content(98.3%of total starch),moderate tannin content(1.56%of dry basis)and resistance to leaf diseases(grade 1).From 2022 to 2023,the average yield of this variety in multi-plot test was 383.26 kg/667 m2,which was 3.81%higher than that of the control Qingkeyang sorghum.Based on DB51/T 1528-2019 Sichuan Nuohong Sorghum Green Production Technical Regulations,combined with the characteristics of Yinuohong 626 variety,this paper systematically expounded its key cultivation techniques of high and stable yield,green and high efficiency,in order to provide technical support for the large-scale promotion of this variety in Pingba,hilly and similar ecological areas of Sichuan.

Abstract:Brix and juice extraction rate are important economic traits of sweet sorghum.Identifying local sweet sorghum germplasm resources,exploring the dynamic variation patterns of brix and juice extraction rate in different internodes of the same plant at different growth stages,and simultaneously screening elite local varieties will boost the development of the sweet sorghum industry.In this study,five local sweet sorghum varieties from Changshu City,Jiangsu Province were used as experimental materials to conduct spatiotemporal analyses of their brix and juice extraction rate.Highly significant differences in brix were observed among different stem nodes of the same plant for each sweet sorghum variety,and both brix and juice extraction rate showed a trend of being high in the middle and low at both ends.The correlation coefficients between brix and juice extraction rate of the same stem node were 0.691 for Zhitang Luji and 0.895 for Dongbang Tianlu,both reaching significant levels(P<0.05).Highly significant differences were detected in single-plant stem weight,juice yield,juice extraction rate and brix among different varieties(P<0.01).Zhitang Shiyue Lu exhibited the highest per-plant stem biomass,juice yield and juice extraction rate,but the lowest brix.The whole-plant brix of Dongbang Tianlu reached 16.4%,ranking the highest among all varieties.One month after physiological maturity,the juice extraction rate of all five local varieties decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).The brix of Dongbang Tianlu declined extremely significantly(P<0.01),while the brix of Zhitang Shiyue Lu and Meili Luji increased significantly(P<0.05)and extremely significantly(P<0.01),respectively.

Abstract:Yangnonggeng 3426 is a conventional early-maturing late geng(japonica)rice variety characterized by moderate plant height,semi-compact plant architecture,uniform population,strong lodging resistance,and favorable senescence with green stems and yellow grains at maturity.This variety was approved for commercial release in Jiangsu Province in 2023(Approval Number:Sushendao 20230018).Regional trial results demonstrated that Yangnonggeng 3426 had a total growth period of 155.5 days,which was 2.5 days shorter than that of the control variety Wuyungeng 23.The variety had the characteristics of an average height of 100.8 cm,approximately 211 000 panicles per 667 m2,average grains per panicle of 127.1,a seed-setting rate of 94.4%and a 1 000-grain weight of 30.3 g.The variety showed moderate susceptibility to rice blast,bacterial leaf blight,and rice stripe virus disease,and was susceptible to sheath blight.The rice quality met the Grade 3 standard of the Cooking Rice Variety Quality(NY/T 593-2021).This paper introduces the breeding process,main agronomic traits,and key cultivation techniques of Yangnonggeng 3426,aiming to provide a scientific basis for its further promotion and application.

Abstract:In order to explore the key factors of wheat yield formation in Nanyang Basin and guide the breeding of new high-yield varieties,the resistance of stripe rust and leaf rust,main agronomic traits and parental origin were investigated from 24 regional test varieties(lines)of Huanghuai southern section of Northwest A&F University in 2022,the most productive year in Nanyang wheat area in recent 30 years.Among the 24 varieties(lines),21 showed high resistance to stripe rust,and 3 showed moderate resistance.Six showed high resistance to leaf rust,and 13 showed moderate resistance.The average yield of 24 varieties(lines)was 9 687.45 kg/hm2.The variation coefficient of basic seedlings was the highest(6.57%),followed by the variation coefficient of panicle number(5.51%),grain number per panicle(5.33%),maximum tiller number(4.33%),1 000-grain weight(3.87%),and the variation coefficient of bulk density was the lowest(0.41%).Tracing back the parental origins of these varieties(lines),Zhoumai 18,Xinong 979,Zhengmai 366,and Xinong 822 were directly used with high frequency.The wheat varieties Zhou 8425B,Zhoumai No.9,Xiaoyan No.6 and their sister lines,and Zhoumai 16 were indirectly used with higher frequency.Through path analysis of yield and its components(panicle number,grain number per panicle,and 1 000-grain weight),the direct path coefficient of panicle number on yield is the largest,followed by grain number per panicle.The maturity period of 19 yield-increasing varieties(lines)shows a highly significant positive correlation with heading date.Panicle number has a highly significant positive correlation with basic seedlings and a significant positive correlation with maximum tiller number.Grain number per panicle is highly significantly positively correlated with maturity period,but highly significantly negatively correlated with panicle number and significantly negatively correlated with maximum tiller number.1 000-grain weight is highly significantly negatively correlated with both basic seedlings and panicle number.Plant height shows a significant positive correlation with heading date,a significant negative correlation with panicle number,and a highly significant positive correlation with grain number per panicle.The emphasis of breeding for high yield in Nanyang wheat area is panicle formation number,followed by the number of grains per panicle.Appropriately early heading reduced plant height and then increased panicle formation number,appropriately increased plant height and delayed ripening increased grains per spike.

Abstract:In recent years,the development of rice industry cluster in Yancheng has achieved certain progress,including unique resource endowments,distinct advantages of leading varieties,a sound and complete technical system,remarkable results in brand building,and steady advancement of large-scale cultivation.However,compared with domestic and international standards and the requirements of high-quality development,Yancheng still faces challenges such as weak research institute capacity within the city,a low level of standardized production,room for improvement in brand competitiveness,and insufficient leading enterprise drive.To this end,accelerating the transformation of rice industrial cluster in Yancheng from a yield-oriented model to a green,high-quality and high-efficiency one requires focused efforts in four key areas.First,focus on the two crucial pillars of cultivated land and seeds,fully implement the strategy of storing grain in the land and in technology,and strive to enhance the scientific and technological equipment support capacity for the high-quality rice industry.Second,prioritize green development as the guiding principle,scale up the integration and promotion of high-quality,high-efficiency and standardized production models,and boost the expansion and strengthening of the high-quality rice industry.Third,carry out the cultivation of the premium Sheyang Rice Brand,and continuously drive the transformation of rice industry in Yancheng from a resource-based advantage to industrial,market and brand advantages.Fourth,vigorously foster and expand leading enterprises as the chain masters of the rice industry,and accelerate the clustered and concentrated development of the rice industrial cluster.

Abstract:To clarify the synergistic regulatory effects of sowing date,seeding rate and fertilizer management on population structure,yield formation and yield stability of Yanmai No.1 and screen out the high and stable yield cultivation model suitable for this variety in this region,wheat variety Yanmai No.1 was taken as the test material,and consecutive three-year locational experiments were carried out from 2021 to 2023 at the Jiangsu(Yandu)Modern Agriculture(Rice-Wheat)Science and Technology Comprehensive Demonstration Base.Five treatments were designed in the experiment.The results showed that treatments T2 and T3 exhibited the optimal population quality,with simultaneous improvements in effective panicle number,grains per panicle and thousand-grain weight.Their average yields over the three years were 537.17 kg per 667 m2 and 541.08 kg per 667 m2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Stability analysis revealed that T3 had the lowest yield coefficient of variation,demonstrating good yield stability.This study indicated that the synergistic regulation strategy,including suitable sowing date(November 6-12),moderate seeding rate(150-180 kg/hm2),and delayed nitrogen application(the proportion of jointing fertilizer≥30%),could coordinate the relationship between the population structure and yield formation and achieve high and stable yield of Yanmai No.1 in Yancheng area,providing theoretical basis and technical support for the green and efficient cultivation of wheat in Yandu.

Abstract:Seedling-stage waterlogging has a significant impact on wheat yield and quality,and breeding waterlogging-tolerant varieties is the fundamental approach to ensuring stable and improved production.In this study,327 wheat varieties(lines)of diverse origins were used as materials.Waterlogging and normal control treatments were established to determine seven indices:leaf SPAD value,seedling length,seedling fresh weight,seedling dry weight,root length,root fresh weight and root dry weight.Based on the waterlogging tolerance coefficients of each trait,principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the seedling-stage waterlogging tolerance of the tested varieties.The results showed that all traits of the tested materials decreased to varying degrees under waterlogging stress compared with the control,with root traits declining more significantly than shoot traits.The order of the reduction magnitude was root dry weight>root fresh weight>seedling fresh weight>SPAD value>root length>seedling dry weight>seedling length.Based on the principle of cumulative contribution rate≥80%for principal components,four principal components were extracted,with a total cumulative contribution rate of 82.451%.Comprehensive evaluation revealed that Shuilizhan,Pingyang 27,Chao'an Wheat,Yangmai No.10,Hangtian No.2 and other varieties had high scores and exhibited good seedling waterlogging tolerance.Among the top 100 varieties,those from the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Winter Wheat Region were dominant.Additionally,some varieties from the Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region such as Luyan 157,Zhengyou No.5 and Xinmai 16 also showed good waterlogging tolerance.

Abstract:Jingengdao 399 is a new variety of semi-glutinous late-maturing medium geng(japonica)rice with excellent taste,developed by Jiangsu Kingearth Seed Co.,Ltd.It was approved in Jiangsu Province in 2024,with the approval number of Sushendao 20240050.Its maternal parent is Huaidao No.18,which has undergone 60Co radiation mutation treatment,and its paternal parent is semi-glutinous material Ruanyu No.2.The average yield of Jingengdao 399 in two years of regional trials was 10 395.0 kg/hm2,which was 5.64%higher than that of the control Huaidao No.5.The whole milled rice rate was 73.1%,the gel consistency was 85 mm,the transparency was grade 2,and the amylose content was 11.6%.The quality indicators met the standards of DB32/T 4056-2021 Quality of Excellent Eating Quality Semi-glutinous Japonica Rice.It has great yield potential,wide adaptability,good palatability of rice,and strong comprehensive resistance.It is suitable for cultivation in the central Jiangsu region and the hilly areas of Nanjing,Zhenjiang and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province.

Abstract:To address the demand for high-quality,high-yield highland barley in Gannan Prefecture,Tianzhu County,Shandan Military Horse Farm,and other high-altitude regions along the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province,the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,in collaboration with the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Gannan Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute,initiated the breeding of a new blue-grain highland barley variety,Longqing No.3,in 2014.This variety focuses on high and stable yields while also emphasizing quality and multi-resistance.The variety is spring-type,medium-early maturing,and multi-angled,with a growth period of approximately 110 days.Its seedlings are semi-crawling,with green leaves.The plant height is about 80.0 cm,the panicle length is approximately 7.0 cm,and the grains per panicle is 45.The thousand-grain weight is approximately 47.0 g,and the number of formed panicles is about 320 000 per 667 m2.The grains are blue,oval,and plump,with robust stems that are resistant to dry heat winds and stripe disease.In multiple-site trials,Longqing No.3 achieved an average yield of 6 112.35 kg/hm2,with a 7.3%increase compared to the control.In production comparison trials,the average yield of Longqing No.3 was 5 427.00 kg/hm2,with a 6.9%increase compared to the control,ranking first among the tested varieties.Longqing No.3 is suitable for widespread cultivation in the aforementioned high-altitude regions.

Abstract:The effects of brackish water irrigation patterns(mineralization degree of 1.2-1.9 g/L)on the growth dynamics of the tillers and grain yield of rice were studied in the experiment,which included freshwater irrigation(G1),freshwater-brackish water alternate irrigation(G2)and brackish water irrigation(G3).The results showed that there were no significant differences in the tiller number per hill between G1 and G2 treatments and between G1 and G3 treatments form the 6th day to the 36th day after transplantation.The tiller number per hill increased significantly from the 6th day to the 26th day after transplantation,with the tiller numbers being increased by 9.3,8.3 and 8.0 for G1,G2 and G3,respectively.The tiller numbers per hill increased by 0.9,0.7 and 0.8 for G1,G2 and G3 treatments from the 26th day to the 36th day after transplantation.There were no significant differences in plant height,panicle length,the number of effective panicles,the number of grains in every panicle and 1 000-grain weight among G1,G2 and G3 treatments.The grain yield for G2 and G3 treatments were decreased by 5.70%and 6.26%compared with G1,but the differences did not reach significance level.The results indicated that brackish water with low salinity did not generate significant influence on tiller growth,plant height at maturity,panicle length,the number of effective panicles,the number of grains per panicle,1 000-grain weight and yield in rice,which provides reference for rice production.

Abstract:Longqing No.4 is a new high-quality,high-yield,black-hulled and dual-purpose variety of highland barley developed by Institute of Economic Crop and Malting Barley Material,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science,in collaboration with Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University with Ganken No.5 as the maternal parent and a hybrid progeny of Ganken No.5×ZDM8082 as the paternal parent.In 2023,it passed the national non-major crop variety registration[Registration Number:GPD barley(highland barley)(2023)620035].In 2025,it obtained the new plant variety right(CNA20211007791).This variety has an approximate growth period of 115 days and an average plant height of 78.9 cm.The panicle length is about 6.5 cm and the number of grains per panicle is approximately 42.4.The grain has the following nutritional content(mass fraction):crude protein(10.55%),fat(2.20%),crude fibre(2.08%),amylopectin(45.36%),total starch(55.56%),β-glucan(4.94%)and lysine(0.89%).The average yield was 4 553.90 kg/hm2 across multiple trial sites in the province.It is suitable for cultivation in highland barley production areas of Gansu.

Abstract:To analyze the variation patterns and effects of new foliar fertilizers on the growth and yield structure of wheat and provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of foliar fertilizers in wheat production in this region,by spraying different foliar fertilizers on winter wheat,the dry weight of grains and the final yield structure at different stages were measured,and the effects on grain filling and yield were analyzed.The results showed that spraying Chunke potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound preparation,Chunquan 883 humic acid water-soluble fertilizer,Tiancibao,and Chunquan 883 ultra-concentrated active organic matter could increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat.Moreover,the thousand-grain weight showed a clear increasing trend with the number of spraying applications.When these four types of foliar fertilizers were sprayed three times,the thousand-grain weight of Yangmai 30 reached 51.63 g to 51.94 g,and that of Zhenmai 18 reached 47.64 g to 49.57 g.When Spraying"Nenglifeng"1 to 3 times,the thousand-grain weight of Yangmai is 49.93 g to 49.98 g,and that of Zhenmai 18 is 46.13 g to 46.39 g.but there was little difference among the three applications.From the test results,it can be seen that when foliar fertilizers are sprayed on wheat 2-3 times after flowering,the thousand-grain weight significantly increases,and the yield and economic benefits also significantly improve.The plot yield of the Yangmai 30 is higher than that of Zhenmai 18,and the difference is highly statistically significant(P<0.01).

Abstract:Baopimai No.31 is a new high-quality and high-yield malting barley variety bred by Baoshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences by pedigree selection through sexual hybridization between the maternal parent Aisi 82 stem 1 and the paternal parent 07YD-8 in 2011.The yield of this variety reached 5 712.68 kg/hm2 in the two-year provincial regional test.It was highly resistant to rust,scab,powdery mildew and stripe disease.The grain protein content(mass fraction)was 10.9%,the 1 000-grain weight was as high as 58.7 g,and the plumpness rate was 97%,which reached the physical and chemical indexes of national excellent malting barley.The content of extract was 83.0%,the content of α-amino nitrogen(mass fraction)was 1.99 g/kg,and the saccharifying power was 329 WK,which reached the industry excellent malt index.In July 2024,Baopimai No.31 passed the national non-main crop variety registration,and registration number is GPD barley(highland barley)(2024)530024.This paper mainly introduces the breeding process,variety characteristics and cultivation techniques of Baopimai No.31,which provides a reference for the large-scale promotion of this variety.This variety is suitable for autumn and winter planting in high-fertility fields at an altitude of 1 300-2 300 m in Yunnan Province.

Abstract:Changmai 4316 is a new wheat variety bred by Millet Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University,using self-cultivated intermediate excellent germplasm materials Changmai 07-6645 and Changmai 08-5348 as parents,through the combination of cross breeding technology and systematic breeding.In 2023,this variety was approved by Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Committee(Approval number:Jinshenmai 20220011).From 2019 to 2021,it participated in late-maturing winter wheat water-field regional experiment group in central Shanxi Province.The average yield of the two years was 7 487.7 kg/hm2,which increased by 6.2％compared with the average yield of 7 053.8 kg/hm2 of the control Zhongmai 175.The average yield of the production trial from 2020 to 2021 was 7 217.8 kg/hm2,which was 4.7％higher than that of the control Zhongmai 175,with a yield increase rate of 100％.In this paper,the breeding process,agronomic characters,yield performance and supporting cultivation techniques of Changmai 4316 were introduced in detail,which can provide reference for the breeding and popularization of new wheat varieties.

Abstract:Yangnongpi 14(line code"Su B1601")was developed by Barley Research Institute of Yangzhou University using pedigree method from the hybrid combination"Supi No.3 × Yangnongpi No.10".This variety is spring-type two-row hulled barley variety with a plant height of about 85 cm and a relatively compact plant architecture.It exhibits excellent stem elasticity,fertilizer tolerance,and lodging resistance.Seedlings are semi-erect with deep green foliage and elongated leaves.The variety demonstrates strong tillering capacity and high ear formation rate.The number of effective ears per 667 m2 is approximately 600 000.The ears are well-arranged with medium-to-large size.The average filled grains per ear are 24-30.Grains are pale yellow and plump.The thousand-grain weight is about 41.00 g.The variety has excellent malting quality.It exhibits high resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew,moderate resistance to barley Fusarium head blight,stripe rust,and yellow dwarf disease,along with good salt and cold tolerance.Its whole growth period lasts approximately 200 days.During the 2019-2021 multi-location evaluation trials in Jiangsu Province,the combined average yield over two years was 543.70 kg/667 m2,which was 8.33％higher than that of the control variety Yangnongpi No.5.It was registered as a non-major crop variety in China on August 18,2022,with registration number:GPD Barley(Highland Barley)(2022)320017.It is suitable for promotion in winter barley-growing regions of Jiangsu Province.From 2022 to 2024,Yangnongpi 14 participated in the multi-location evaluation trials for barley varieties in Hubei Province.The average yield over two years was 312.95 kg/667 m2,which was 3.17％higher than that of the control variety Huadamai No.9.Announced in Notice No.894 of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China on March 26,2025(Certificate number:2025-05-0174),Yangnongpi 14 is suitable for cultivation in winter barley areas of Jiangsu and Hubei provinces.

Abstract:Yancheng plays a key role in the barley industry in Jiangsu Province,and its development dynamics directly affect the regional agricultural transformation and upgrading and food supply security.Yancheng barley industry as a whole presents the three characteristics of accelerating the migration of production areas to coastal advantageous areas,fully spreading special improved varieties,and significantly improving mechanical operation ability,and continuously consolidates the foundation of industrial efficiency.Nowadays,Yancheng has created an industrial ecology of"dual-core drive and multiple development".Beer malt and barley kernel constitute the main plate,and silage and barley leaves form a characteristic growth pole.However,the industry still faces some problems,such as low planting efficiency in the upstream,limited value-added processing links in the midstream,and fierce competition in the downstream market.In the future,we should build a modern barley industry system integrating high-quality raw material supply,intensive processing and brand building by stabilizing the planting base,extending the industrial chain and expanding market space,so as to promote the high-quality,high-efficiency and high-benefit?development of Yancheng barley industry.

Abstract:Huamai 31 is a new semi-winter wheat variety developed by Jiangsu Dahua Seed Industry Group Co.,Ltd.through pedigree method.It was derived from a cross between the maternal parent H12-33,which carries superior genes for strong gluten properties and Fusarium head blight resistance,and the paternal parent Huaimai 22,known for its high yield,wide adaptability,and strong cold resistance.The approval number is Sushenmai 20253005.Regional trial results showed that this variety had the characteristics of a whole growth period of 221.1 days,plant height of 81.4 cm,effective panicles of 424 000 per 667 m2,grains per spike of 39.1,and 1000-grain weight of 43.9 g.Huamai 31 exhibits moderate susceptibility to Fusarium head blight,sharp eyespot,and leaf rust,but high resistance to stripe rust and moderate resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus.Its quality meets the standards for strong gluten wheat.

Abstract:Reasonable planting density and nitrogen fertilizer dosage are important ways to increase com yield.The study on the impact of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer dosage on corn growth and yield can provide technical basis for increasing planting density and controlling nitrogen fertilizer dosage for new varieties.We took Qianyu 210 as the research object in the experiment,and studied the impact of different planting density(60 000,67 500 and 75 000 plants/hm2)and nitrogen application levels(0,150,225,300,375 and 450 kg/hm2)on agronomic traits and yield.The results showed that under a planting density of 67 500 plants/hm2 and a nitrogen fertilizer level of 300 to 375 kg/hm2,the plant height and panicle height were around 249 cm and 110 cm respectively,and the panicle length,panicle row number and row grain number were above 23 cm,14 rows and 38 grains/row respectively.The maximum yield reached 11.37 t/hm2.

Abstract:To investigate the yield-promoting potential of Fenlong tillage in wheat production within saline-alkali soils of Jiangsu Province,a field experiment was carried out with three tillage regimes:no-tillage(NT),rotary tillage at 20 cm depth(RT),and Fenlong tillage at 40 cm depth(FT).The results showed that,compared with NT and RT,FT significantly improved soil nutrient retention capacity,with total nitrogen content increased by 37.86％and 16.39％,total phosphorus by 3.70％and 2.75％,total potassium by 2.86％and 2.49％,and soil organic matter by 20.64％and 7.61％,respectively.FT notably increased wheat plant height,stem diameter,SPAD values and leaf area across all growth stages,while substantially boosting dry matter accumulation in all plant organs.Specifically,root dry matter mass under FT was 164.62％and 86.96％higher than that under NT and RT,respectively.Moreover,FT markedly enhanced the photosynthetic physiological performance of wheat leaves:intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)was elevated by 14.91％and 11.06％,transpiration rate(Tr)by 154.65％and 70.92％,and stomatal conductance(Gs)by 254.18％and 87.09％relative to NT and RT,respectively.Additionally,wheat grain yield under FT increased significantly by 44.02％and 20.19％compared with NT and RT,and a significant positive correlation was observed among grain yield,dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic parameters.Therefore,Fenlong tillage can be recommended as an effective practice to improve wheat yield and quality in the coastal saline-alkali farmlands of Jiangsu Province.