Abstract:To investigate the water temperature structure in large reservoir areas,the impact of discharged water temperature,and the improvement effect of stratified water intake measures,this paper,taking Daigusi Reservoir as the research object,constructed a width-averaged vertical two-dimensional water temperature model,and conducted quantitative analysis of water temperature distribution and discharged water temperature variation under five operational conditions including single-layer water intake,stacked beam gate stratified water intake,and multi-layer fixed water intake outlets.The results indicate that obvious water temperature stratification existed in Daigusi Reservoir from April to September;the single-layer water intake scheme caused low-temperature water effects on the downstream;the stacked beam gate scheme increased discharged water temperature by up to 2.5℃compared with single-layer water intake from April to July;the warming effect of the four-layer fixed water intake outlets was relatively 0.2-0.6℃weaker than that of the stacked beam gate.Significant delay phenomena existed in reservoir discharged water temperature,but were partially alleviated after adopting stratified water intake measures.The research findings can provide references for the design of stratified water intake measures and optimal reservoir operation of large reservoirs.

Abstract:As the digital economy drives high-quality economic and social development,public data is gradually transforming from"resources"to"assets",highlighting the strategic value of hydrological data in flood and drought disaster prevention,water resource utilization,and ecological protection.However,the current hydrological data management still focuses on supporting the business and service industry,and there are problems such as unclear boundaries between data ownership and asset confirmation,contradictions between data sharing and security,and less exploration of data property rights and security technology implementation path,which restrict the release of data value and the improvement of intelligent application level.In order to solve the problem of hydrological data asset management,the paper takes Yunnan hydrological data asset as the research object,expounds the concept and characteristics of hydrological data asset,and deeply analyzes the current situation and existing problems of data asset management.Based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the paper explores the protection and application mode of hydrological data assets from the aspects of collection,management,transmission,calculation,governance,model training,sharing and so on.With the help of homomorphic encryption,privacy computing and other technical solutions,a hydrological data asset protection and application technology system of"intelligent collection,asset management,secure computing,data governance,intelligent application"is constructed.The research results show that the technology can improve the efficiency of multi-source data collaboration under the premise of ensuring data security,and provide a technical path and practical scheme for the standardized management,safe protection and efficient utilization of hydrological data assets.It is of great significance to release the value of hydrological data elements and improve the application efficiency of hydrological data assets in the context of digital economy.

Abstract:Taking the orifice-combined overflow fishway in Nimaumaqu River as the research object,this paper constructs a proportional three-dimensional numerical model based on the FLOW-3D platform to carry out refined hydraulic characteristic simulation,aiming to reveal the internal flow patterns,evaluate the rationality of design,and provide support for engineering optimization and operation and maintenance.The computational domain has a total length of 63 m,with a rectangular channel net width of 1.5 m,and a longitudinal slope of 5.7%.A total of 38 centrally arranged single circular orifice baffles are arranged with a spacing of 1.5 m and a hole diameter of 0.25 m.A structured grid with a cell size of 0.06 m is adopted,resulting in a total of 1.76 million elements,and the grid independence is verified to ensure reliability.The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are selected and boundary conditions are set based on normal hydrology for steady-state simulation.Through post-processing,parameters such as flow pattern,flow velocity,and turbulent kinetic energy are extracted,and their spatial distribution patterns are analyzed,with the influence of key parameters of the fishway being identified and evaluated.The results indicate that the design parameter s of the fishway are reasonably matched,with stable internal flow patterns and uniform flow velocity and water depth distribution.The hydraulic environment is suitable for the migration of indigenous small fish species,with only weak eddies exist at baffle corners,which may be slightly optimized.The research findings can provide data support for the implementation of this fishway project and references for the design and simulation of similar river fishways.

Abstract:Five basins in Langfang city,Juhe River,Baoqiu River,Longhe River,Yongxing River and Mangniu River,were selected to extract sub-basins based on DEM using ArcGIS,and the extracted basin area,main channel length and channel gradient were analyzed with reference values.The research showed that the larger the basin area,the less affected by the accuracy of DEM data,and the extracted eigenvalues were closer to the reference values.The length of the main channel is less affected by the terrain,so the deviation rate between the extracted value and the reference value is basically acceptable.The deviation rate of channel slope is relatively large,and the main reason is that the original calculation formula is different.Under the condition that the actual value of channel slope cannot be verified,the channel slope extracted based on river network can also be applied.This study further verifies the feasibility of watershed eigenvalues calculated by DEM in practical application.

Abstract:With the steady advancement of ecological civilization construction in China,the criminal governance of illegal sand mining has become an important issue for river and lake governance and water resources security guarantee.Although the Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Illegal or Destructive Mining issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 2016 provided key normative basis for the criminal governance of illegal sand mining,judicial practice still faces dilemmas including low criminal transfer rates,imbalanced legal interest evaluation,and conflicts of competing charges.Through dogmatic analysis,this paper proposed the special composite legal interest of illegal sand mining cases compared with illegal mining.Aiming at the virtual displacement problem of ecological environment legal interest in judicial practice,it is suggested that the legal status of appraisal and assessment subject be granted to river basin management agencies through institutional design to lower the threshold for ecological damage assessment.Regarding legal application,it is advocated that the crime of illegal mining and the crime of theft should constitute statutory competition of provisions,and conviction and sentencing should follow the principle that special law prevails over general law,so as to maintain the administrative-criminal boundary of illegal sand mining cases.In addition,aiming at the logical paradox of administrative prerequisite procedures caused by amendments to relevant legal norms,it is proposed that a three-layer hierarchical governance structure of"administrative order—administrative penalty—criminal sanction"be constructed,achieving organic unity between river and lake resources development and ecological environment protection through comprehensive governance with clear normative hierarchy and effective administrative-criminal connection.

Abstract:Soft soil foundation is often encountered in hydraulic engineering design,which has characteristics such as high moisture content and high compressibility.The strength and deformation of natural foundation are difficult to meet the design requirements,and generally cannot be directly used as the foundation of buildings.Engineering measures need to be taken to enhance the strength and stability of the foundation;This article focuses on the problem of soft soil foundation treatment in a certain water gate project.The pine pile treatment technology,which is easy to construct,has a short cycle,and low cost,is taken as the research object.The preliminary layout plan and related technical parameters are selected to calculate the bearing capacity of single piles and their composite foundation,so as to meet the design requirements.Relatively speaking,the pine pile treatment technology has significant advantages in the reinforcement of soft soil foundation in water gates,which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the foundation soil,reduce the settlement of buildings,and the construction process is economical and environmentally friendly.

Abstract:In response to the people's expectations for a better life,ecological environment protection has become an important part of comprehensive governance.This not only requires judicial organs to fulfill their duties in accordance with the law and properly balance"fairness and efficiency",but also requires a combination of prevention and governance through multiple measures.At present,there is still relatively insufficient systematic research on judicial collaboration in the field of environmental governance.It is necessary for judicial organs to unify case trial standards based on comprehensive consideration of various factors,expand the path for multiple subjects to participate in collaborative governance,carry out extensive cooperation with relevant subjects,jointly promote the formulation of governance plans through negotiation mechanisms,and continuously improve relevant legal basis.In the context of informatization,we should rely on Internet technology to build a comprehensive platform for environmental information exchange and sharing,strengthen the dynamic supervision of environmental information,and provide an effective channel for public participation in collaborative governance.At the same time,it is necessary to improve the comprehensive system of ecological and environmental justice in river basins,establish specialized environmental protection judicial institutions,strengthen the construction of professional talent teams in environmental justice,and promote the coordinated and balanced development of judicial governance capabilities and levels in different regions of the river basin.

Abstract:In response to the frequent occurrence of water and drought disasters in cross-border river basins,multiple management entities,and difficulties in scheduling and coordination,a joint prevention and control mechanism and collaborative operation method for water and drought disasters in cross-border river basins has been studied.By analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water and drought disasters and the mutual influence mechanism among multiple regions,a four in one joint prevention and control mechanism system of"organizational coordination-responsibility division-operation implementation-support and assurance"has been constructed.On this basis,a multi-objective collaborative scheduling model is constructed,integrating risk assessment and intelligent decision-making technology to achieve scientific cross regional scheduling and efficient emergency response,in order to provide technical reference for the modernization of river basin governance system and comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction.

Abstract:To improve the development and utilization level of Shentou Spring water resources,an investigation on the regional water resources was conducted,and water resource allocation plans were studied.The exploitable amount of Shentou Spring karst water is 5.35 m3/s(168.72 million m3/a).In 2020,the development and utilization degree of Shentou Spring karst water was 65.2%,with a karst water well extraction of 45.0852 million m3,accounting for 41.0%of the total exploitation and utilization amount.Combining the results of the comprehensive water resource allocation,planning and allocation of the development and utilization of Shentou Spring water resources for various counties and districts in Shuozhou were carried out.It can provide a reference for determining water resource allocation plans in similar areas.

Abstract:Based on the water diversion project of Gongyi,this paper discusses the theoretical basis and technical scheme of water resource allocation and water diversion project design.In view of the long-term water shortage problem faced by the central urban area of Gongyi and the five eastern towns,the feasibility of the combined water supply mode of South-to-North Water Diversion and Yellow River water is analyzed,and the optimization design methods for the site selection of water diversion pipelines and the layout of pumping stations are proposed.Analysis of Water Resources Supply and Demand shows that The total water demand of Gongyi in 2025 is 64.129 million m³/a.A combined water supply plan of 20 million m³/a from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and 22 million m³/a from the Yellow River has been determined.Based on the calculation of the engineering water price and the financial rate of return,the profit water price is 1.292 yuan/m³,and the financial internal rate of return(after tax)is 4.77%.When the water price rises to 1.391 yuan/m³,the return on capital increases to 11.34%,and the economic feasibility is relatively high.The results show that after the completion of the water diversion project,it can effectively enhance the level of urban and rural water supply integration in Gongyi,alleviate the shortage of water supply,and has strong social benefits and economic value,providing a practical reference for similar water diversion projects in the Central Plains region.

Abstract:In complex geological environments where there are both existing embankment protection structures and isolated stones,the construction of anti erosion walls into grooves faces many challenges.To this end,this article proposes a comprehensive construction technology that combines rotary drilling rig drilling,double wheel milling and grooving,and grooving machine grabbing by comparing various grooving processes.Taking the construction of the second section of the comprehensive upgrading project of the third section of Yongding River as an example,this paper analyzes in detail the selection of anti erosion wall trenching equipment and the research on trenching technology in complex geological environments.The results showed that the collaborative work of the three devices not only successfully overcame the construction challenges brought by complex geological environments,significantly improved construction efficiency,and ensured the quality of the trench.

Abstract:This paper makes a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the water conveyance scheme of the water system interconnection project from the main stream of the Tarim River Basin to the Kongque River,aiming to provide scientific decision support for water resources management and ecological protection in arid areas.By constructing a multi-index evaluation system including engineering technology and ecological indicators,this study uses a combination of entropy weight method and coefficient of variation method to determine the index weight to objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each water conveyance scheme.The results show that the length of water delivery,ecological water demand and ecological area are the key factors affecting the optimization of the scheme.Among them,Scheme 1(Shazi River Channel)was identified as the optimal water conveyance scheme with its highest comprehensive evaluation score of 0.4472.The conclusions of this study provide technical support for water system interconnection projects in similar arid areas,and provide a new perspective for future water resources management and ecological protection.

Abstract:In July 2024,the Sihe River Basin experienced two extreme rainstorm floods,forming two typical regulation scenarios:low initial storage and high initial storage.Taking Hezhuang Reservoir in the Sihe River Basin as the research object,based on measured hydrological data,this paper analyzed the rainfall characteristics,reservoir water level and flow responses,and runoff coefficient variation patterns of the two floods,revealing the flood response mechanism driven by the coupling of initial storage conditions and underlying surface runoff characteristics.Indicators such as peak-shaving rate,flood interception volume,flood regulation reservoir utilization,and flood peak lag time were used to quantitatively evaluate the flood control benefits of the reservoir,and the effectiveness differences between two regulation modes—full-course interception and combined interception and discharge—were compared.The results show that the two floods cumulatively intercepted 36.09 million m³ of water,with an average peak-shaving rate of 85％,and that initial storage is a key factor determining the response intensity and regulation strategy.Hezhuang Reservoir effectively intercepted and reduced flood peaks during consecutive heavy rains,mitigating downstream flood risks and demonstrating significant flood control benefits.The study provides measured evidence and technical reference for continuous flood response analysis,flood regulation optimization,and benefit assessment of reservoirs in hilly areas of northern China.

Abstract:To reveal the intrinsic driving mechanism of rainfall microphysical factors on soil erosion and sediment yield under different rainfall intensities,this paper employed a high-precision artificial rainfall simulation system.Experiments were conducted on typical loessial soil in the Chinese Loess Plateau,with three rainfall intensity gradients of 30,60,and 90 mm/h set on a 15° bare slope.The micro-characteristics of rainfall and the entire process of erosion and sediment yield were monitored simultaneously.The results indicate that rainfall kinetic energy increases nonlinearly with rainfall intensity and serves as a more fundamental erosion-driving factor than rainfall intensity.The linear relationship between total sediment yield and total rainfall kinetic energy is excellent(R²=0.97),significantly superior to the power function relationship with rainfall intensity(R²=0.88).This study quantitatively confirms that rainfall kinetic energy is a more essential and direct driver of erosion than rainfall intensity,providing important theoretical support and parameterization direction for improving soil erosion physical models and enhancing their predictive accuracy.

Abstract:Water conservancy projects have significant social and economic benefits and require more investment.Since 2014,China has promoted the public-private partnership(PPP)model,which has played an important role in broadening the investment and financing channels for water conservancy construction and improving the management level and efficiency of water conservancy construction,but there are also some problems that need to be optimized in practice.Based on the data of the project management database of the national PPP comprehensive information platform and the practical cases of water conservancy PPP,this paper systematically summarizes the development process,current situation and main characteristics of the PPP model of water conservancy projects in the past 10 years,analyzes the operational risks,incentive risks,debt risks and policy risks existing in the implementation of water conservancy PPP projects,and puts forward corresponding reform directions and countermeasures.The research has important policy value for building a more healthy,sustainable,mutually beneficial and win-win public-private cooperation model and promoting the high-quality and standardized development of water conservancy PPP.

Abstract:Ensuring ecological flow in rivers and lakes is a key task for promoting ecological civilization construction in river basins and maintaining the health of rivers and lakes.To systematically guarantee the ecological flow(water volume)in the Lihe River Basin and strengthen the supervision of ecological flow,control sections for ecological flow were determined based on the characteristics of the Lihe River Basin.The average flow of the driest month over the past nearly ten years was used to analyze the natural runoff sequence at Chen'an Station from 2015 to 2024.At the same time,combined with approved ecological release flows from reservoirs and other relevant results,a reasonable and feasible ecological flow guarantee target was comprehensively determined.On this basis,schemes for scheduling,monitoring,early warning,and assessment were formulated to provide a basis for subsequent management of ecological flow in the Lihe River Basin and the implementation of water resource management mechanisms.

Abstract:The development of the general contracting model is diversified,and there are problems such as inconsistent laws and regulations that regulate subcontracting behavior and unclear application conditions,etc.The phenomenon of compliance in form but violation of laws and regulations in essence is increasing,making subcontracting management under the general contracting model increasingly complex.In order to improve the risk identification ability of management units in subcontracting contracts,this article summarizes four key risk points of subcontracting contracts through examples based on the sorting and extraction of various regulations and judicial interpretations of subcontracting.Six measures are proposed to prevent risks through pre subcontracting management,contract disclosure,compliance review,subcontracting plan management,subcontracting contract filing management,and the establishment of supervision and inspection mechanisms,providing reference and inspiration for subcontracting management under the general contracting model.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of early application of edaravone and dexborneol in the treatment of H-type hypertension with first stroke after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and changes of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Methods A total of 140 patients with H-type hypertension and first-episode cerebral infarction admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled.All patients received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase,as well as edaravone and dexborneol was given intravenous infusion within 24 h after thrombolysis.The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 14 d of treatment,and the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in patients with different treatment effects were compared.Restricted cubic spline model(RCS)was used to analyze the relationship between the above indicators and the treatment effect.Results After 14 d of treatment,2 cases were cured,69 cases were markedly effective,44 cases were effective,and 25 cases were ineffective.There were 115 cases(82.1％)in the effective group and 25 cases(17.9％)in the ineffective group.The infarct size and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 14 d of treatment in the ineffective group were greater/higher than those in the effective group(all P＜0.05).At 12,24 and 72 h after treatment,the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α and homocysteine in the ineffective group were higher than those in the effective group(all P＜0.05).RCS analysis showed that the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α had a non-linear dose-response relationship with the response to intravenous thrombolysis combined with edaravone and desborneol.The incidence of poor 90-day prognosis in patients with high hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels was higher than that in patients with low hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Early administration of edaravone and dexborneol after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with H-type hypertension and cerebral infarction could provide cerebral protection.The levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α showed non-linear dose-response relationship with the therapeutic effect.

Abstract:For patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VV-ECMO)can drain blood from the venous system through a gas exchange device and then return to the venous system,thereby promoting oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal in ARDS patients,and allowing the natural lung to achieve"lung rest"during this period.However,there is still a lack of consensus on the optimal ventilator setting during VV-ECMO in the treatment of severe ARDS.In recent years,lung protective ventilation has been widely used,and prone position ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide can also be used as options for the treatment of ARDS patients.The purpose of this review is to describe the application of VV-ECMO in ARDS patients and the ventilation strategy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of esketamine on perioperative delirium and depression in patients with breast cancer.Methods A total of 114 patients who planned to undergo radical mastectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2022 to July 2024 were prospectively enrolled.They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 57 cases in each group.The observation group was given a single dose of esketamine 0.5 mg/kg during anesthesia induction,and continued to pump at 0.25 mg/(kg·h)until 0.5 h before the end of surgery.The control group was given the same dose of normal saline.The incidence of depression,delirium,pain degree,patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA),inflammatory indicators and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative extubation time,and residence time in post-anesthesia monitoring and treatment room between the two groups(all P＞0.05).The Hamilton Depression Scale scores of the two groups at different time points after operation increased with time,and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the total incidence of postoperative delirium in the observation group was lower[8.8％(5/57)vs 22.8％(13/57)](P＜0.05).At different time points after operation,the pain numerical rating scale scores of the two groups showed a decreasing trend with time,and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The proportion of PCIA self-control in the observation group was less than that in the control group[5.3％(3/57)vs 19.3％(11/57),P=0.022].At different time points 1 and 3 d after operation,the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the two groups increased first and then decreased,and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Esketamine can significantly relieve the depression of breast cancer patients after surgery,reduce the occurrence of delirium,enhance the analgesic effect,inhibit inflammatory response,and has good safety.