Abstract:Taking a high earth-rock dam project as the research object,this paper conducts multi-parameter coupled seepage analysis of cutoff wall and horizontal drainage using Seep/W finite element software,systematically evaluating the effects of permeability coefficient,burial depth,and drainage length on dam foundation seepage volume and hydraulic gradient.The results show that when the permeability coefficient of the cutoff wall decreases to 10⁻⁹ m/s,the seepage path changes from vertical penetration to seepage around the wall,with a critical threshold of 10 ⁻ ⁷ m/s,at which the dam foundation seepage volume decreases by more than 80%.When the burial depth ratio of the cutoff wall increases to above 0.75,the seepage effect is significantly weakened,and when fully embedded in the dam foundation(burial depth ratio of 1),the hydraulic gradient stabilizes below 0.6.Parameter optimization results show that when the cutoff wall burial depth ratio is 0.75 and the drainage length is 150 m,the seepage volume and hydraulic gradient decrease by 64%and 55%respectively under their synergistic effect,balancing economy and safety.

Abstract:As key infrastructure for alleviating uneven water resources distribution and ensuring regional water use safety,large-scale water diversion projects are characterized by long water conveyance lines,extensive geographical coverage,and large affected populations.During operation,these projects face potential risks from natural environments,human activities,and other aspects,such as water quality exceeding standards and sudden pollution incidents.Therefore,the scientific and rational construction of a risk assessment system for large-scale water diversion projects is of great significance for clarifying risk level distribution and formulating targeted risk prevention and control strategies.Taking large-scale water diversion projects as the research object,this paper employs the risk matrix method to conduct comparative analysis of the integrated method,maximum value method,and k-value method in calculating risk levels of assessment units,aiming to provide scientific basis for safe operation of projects and water quality safety risk management.

Abstract:In view of the tight construction schedule and heavy tasks of the tunnel project of the Yunxiao Pumped Storage Power Station in Fujian,as well as the technical characteristics of the loosened zone detection in the tunnel crown—namely the use of dry holes,a"one-transmit-two-receive"transducer,and the requirement of water injection coupling—which result in relatively low detection efficiency,this paper carries out an experimental study on shortening the detection time of the loosened zone of surrounding rock in the tunnel crown.By modifying the water injection device and installing pressure gauges,the reasonable water injection pressure under different testing heights and the pressure for water release during probe movement are determined,respectively.Comparative tests are also conducted by adopting measures such as shortening the length of the water injection pipeline.The results show that this technical approach can effectively improve the efficiency of dry-hole acoustic testing in this project.Engineering practice further verifies that the experimental results of water injection pressure parameters at different heights are scientifically sound and can provide effective guidance for subsequent dry-hole acoustic testing operations.

Abstract:River dike projects are characterized by long routes and complex geological conditions.Soft foundation problems are often encountered when crossing pits,ponds,and estuaries,and the effectiveness of their treatment directly impacts the safety of the dike project.Based on an overview of common soft foundation treatment methods,this paper focuses on analyzing the principles,applicable conditions,and technical points of the stone-throwing and silt-pressing technique.Taking the new dike construction in the Panjin section of the Liaohe River Flood Control and Improvement Project in Liaoning Province as an example,the design requirements for applying the stone-throwing and silt-pressing technique in foundation treatment are systematically elaborated.Combined with seepage analysis of the dike,anti-sliding stability calculations,and field test results,it is shown that after stone-throwing and silt-pressing treatment,the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity and the settlement difference before and after compaction meet the design requirements.The overall seepage stability and anti-sliding stability of the dike also meet the standards.The study shows that the stone-throwing and silt-pressing technique is safe and feasible for treating soft foundations in dike projects and can provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:As an important second-order tributary on the left bank of the Lancang River,the ecological health of the Pu'er River basin is of great significance for regional ecological environment and economic and social development.Based on five factors including current land use,slope,INDV(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),ecological red line,and water system security,this paper employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine weights,combined with GIS spatial overlay analysis technology,and conducted quantitative evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of ecological sensitivity in the river basin.The results indicate that the spatial differentiation of ecological sensitivity in the river basin is significant;extremely sensitive and highly sensitive areas are concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of mountainous regions with prominent ecological fragility;moderately sensitive areas are widely distributed in the middle reaches of hilly zones;and low sensitive and non-sensitive areas are mainly located in downstream valley and gentle platform regions with relatively strong human activity disturbance.This study identified key control areas for ecological protection in the river basin,proposed differentiated ecological protection and restoration countermeasures,and can provide scientific basis for river basin water resources management,soil and water conservation,ecological spatial control,and sustainable development,as well as methodological references for ecological sensitivity evaluation of similar tributaries in southwestern mountainous areas.

Abstract:The construction of smart water conservancy knowledge system relies on the deep integration and intelligent reasoning of multidisciplinary heterogeneous data,in which knowledge graph technology plays an important role.This paper focuses on knowledge graph construction and reasoning methods in the water conservancy field,analyzes their application scenarios in water resource management,disaster early warning,and ecological protection,reviews domestic and international research progress,and summarizes key issues in water conservancy knowledge graph construction including entity recognition,relation extraction,data fusion,and reasoning improvement.Knowledge graph can integrate multimodal data such as text,images,and videos in the water conservancy field,construct a global knowledge network,provide support for smart water conservancy intelligent decision-making and drive the water conservancy industry into the digital and intelligent era.On this basis,this paper analyzes the future development direction of water conservancy knowledge graph,focusing on key technology innovation trends such as nested entity recognition,knowledge reasoning,data fusion,and temporal analysis,providing reference for smart water conservancy knowledge system construction.

Abstract:During the hydration process of mass concrete,large temperature stress is easily generated due to temperature rise and the change of internal and external temperature difference,which further induces cracks and affects the safety and durability of engineering structures.With the wide application of large-flow pump stations in water conservancy projects,the problem of temperature control and crack prevention of mass concrete has become a key technical difficulty in construction.Taking the Jiyun River Estuary Pump Station Project in Tianjin as the background,the finite element analysis software Abaqus is used to carry out numerical simulation on the distribution of temperature field and stress field of the inlet and outlet conduit sections of the pump station under different construction conditions.The variation characteristics of temperature peak and tensile stress under temperature control measures such as water pipe cooling,surface thermal insulation,expansion agent addition,post-pouring belt setting and without temperature control measures are emphatically compared and analyzed.The results show that without temperature control measures,the internal temperature peak and temperature difference of concrete are large,and the generated tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of C35 concrete,which has cracking risk.After adopting measures such as water pipe cooling,surface thermal insulation and expansion agent addition,the temperature distribution and stress state of concrete are significantly improved.Comprehensive analysis shows that adopting comprehensive temperature control measures such as winter thermal insulation,water pipe cooling,temperature drop rate control(1.0～1.5℃/d)and expansion agent addition can effectively reduce concrete temperature rise and tensile stress,avoid cracks,and improve the long-term stability and durability of the structure.Among them,setting post-pouring belts and adding expansion agent can further reduce the risk of cracks.The research results can provide reference for the temperature control design of mass concrete and the formulation of crack prevention measures in engineering construction.

Abstract:Compared with conventional reservoirs,the determination of project scale for diversion-type reservoir projects has significant differences,with a relatively complex engineering system.Technical difficulties include the coupling between diversion system and regulation reservoir scale,strong water quantity constraints in dry years,and the difficulty in balancing engineering investment and benefits.The scale demonstration requires the coordination of multi-dimensional elements including hydrology,geology,engineering,economy,and ecology,which is more complex than conventional reservoirs.The Shicaogou Reservoir Hub Project is located in Gejiatai Gully,Fuping County,undertaking water supply tasks for domestic and irrigation use in the county town and surrounding areas,and consists of the Longwangzhuang barrage dam,diversion tunnel,and Shicaogou Reservoir.By analyzing the influence of different diversion scales and diversion periods of the Longwangzhuang diversion tunnel on the reservoir scale,the scale of the entire system project was determined.This study aims to provide reference for the scale demonstration of similar multi-purpose water conservancy hub projects.

Abstract:On July 20,2024,Yutai Station of Dongyu River encountered high-intensity rainstorm flood under the condition of abrupt drought-flood transition.The measured flood peak discharge reached 767 m³/s,which was the second largest flood since the station was built.This paper adopts the runoff distribution hydrograph method to conduct flood forecasting,focusing on runoff yield calculation,confluence deduction,backwater correction and real-time rolling forecast revision,and verifies and evaluates the forecasting accuracy.The results show that this flood is characterized by short duration,high intensity,rapid rise,high peak and stable recession.After backwater correction and rolling forecast revision,the final forecasted flood peak discharge is 795 m³/s,the forecasting results are qualified and can meet the needs of flood control and dispatch in the basin.This paper also analyzes the shortcomings of traditional empirical methods in parameter calibration,and puts forward measures to improve accuracy such as optimizing model parameters,strengthening extreme case research,and improving the rolling forecast mechanism.The research results can provide practical references for rainstorm flood forecasting in similar small and medium-sized basins in Dongyu River Basin and the western plain of Nansi Lake.

Abstract:The construction area of Muchang Ship Lock on the North Canal is located in a seismic zone of intensity VIII.Geological investigation revealed hidden dangers including insufficient bearing capacity in the upper layer and seismic liquefaction risk in the middle saturated sand layer.Taking the composite ground treatment of vibro-replacement stone column of this project as the research object,this paper focused on three core issues:optimization of design parameters and geological adaptability,control of pile compactness and permeability,and multi-method testing and effect evaluation.The results indicate that optimized design parameters can adapt to site geology and solve the problem of insufficient upper bearing capacity;reasonable control of construction technology can improve pile compactness and ensure permeability meets standards;verification by multiple testing methods shows that the liquefaction grade of composite ground is controlled within the non-liquefaction to slight liquefaction range,with bearing capacity reaching over 180 kPa.The research can provide theoretical and practical references for projects with similar geological conditions in seismic zones.

Abstract:The reflow of Jinci Spring which has been cut off for 30 years is a landmark achievement of groundwater management and spring protection in Shanxi Province.This paper analyzes the hydrological characteristics of Jinci Spring and Ping Spring located in different discharge areas from three aspects:hydrogeological conditions,water level dynamic law and flow dynamic characteristics.It is found that,Jinci Spring and Ping Spring belong to the same karst water system,but they have their own relatively independent sections.Ping Spring not only receives the recharge from Jinci Spring,but also receives the recharge from the western detention area.Both annual water level dynamics show the characteristics of"first peak and then valley".Compared with Jinci Spring,the interannual water level of Ping Spring is characterized by large fluctuation and variation coefficient,negative skewness and sharp kurtosis.Before the break of the flow,Ping Spring captured part of the flow of Jinci Spring,which was one of the reasons for the rapid attenuation of its flow.During the reflow,the water level of Ping Spring rises rapidly,the characteristics of the first outflow are the indication of the reflow of Jinci Spring.

Abstract:Floods in small and medium rivers in northern grassland areas are characterized by strong suddenness,short forecast period,and obvious blind spots in monitoring coverage,posing severe challenges to flood control and disaster reduction work.Taking the flood control practice during the 2025 flood season in Xilingol League as the research object,this paper employed a method combining field investigation and systematic analysis to construct a"monitoring guarantee,early warning service,and collaborative linkage"trinity service system for grassroots hydrology.The practice results indicate that after the system operation,the early warning accuracy reached approximately 76%,and the average emergency response time in 2025 was 2.5 hours,shortened by nearly 30%compared with 3.6 hours in 2024.However,problems still exist at present,including unbalanced monitoring station network coverage,low application level of intelligent monitoring,and insufficient professional talent support.Based on this,optimization strategies are proposed,including improving the whole-area monitoring network,strengthening digital technology application,improving cross-department collaborative mechanisms,and promoting service extension to grassroots levels,which can provide practical references for hydrological modernization construction in grassland pastoral areas and similar areas in the upper reaches of the Haihe River Basin.

Abstract:To investigate the response of surface runoff in the Shahe River Basin to changes in climate and land use,based on the daily meteorological and hydrological data of the Shahe River Basin from 1960 to 2020,the trend of precipitation,temperature and runoff in the basin was analyzed by using moving average method,linear regression test method and m-k nonparametric test method.Combined with the land use data of Shahe River Basin,SWAT model of Shahe River Basin is established.Through calibration and verification,SWAT model has good applicability in runoff simulation of Shahe River Basin.On this basis,the impact of climate and land use change on runoff is quantitatively analyzed through scenario simulation.The results indicate:Over the past 61 years,the temperature of Shahe River Basin has a significant upward trend,the precipitation has not decreased significantly,but the measured runoff has a significant downward trend;Cultivated land,forest land and grassland are the main land use types in the basin,accounting for more than 90%of the area,and the area change range is small from 1980 to 2020;Climate and land use change will lead to runoff reduction in the study area.By comparing the contribution rate,the main factor leading to runoff reduction is climate change.

Abstract:Addressing the management problems of scattered project sections,high safety risks,and difficult supervision in the flood control repair and reinforcement project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,a smart construction site management platform adapted to the flood control repair and reinforcement project scenarios was constructed,relying on technologies such as digital twin,Internet of Things,and artificial intelligence.Taking the flood control repair and reinforcement project of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion as the research object,this paper elaborates on the six-level architecture design of"perception-communication-data-platform-application-display"of the platform,describes the construction content including hardware integration,functional module development,and system integration,and verifies the application effectiveness of the smart construction site management platform in safety control,progress management,quality control,and management efficiency enhancement through on-site operation data.The results show that the platform has achieved full-process digital management and control of flood control repair and reinforcement projects,capable of reducing safety risks and improving construction management efficiency,and can provide reference for smart construction site construction in similar water conservancy projects.

Abstract:To optimize the layout of Tuanbowa Flood Detention Basin(hereinafter referred to as Tuanbowa)in the Daqing River System of the Haihe River Basin and resolve the land use conflict between the development of Jinghai District,Tianjin Municipality and the 4～6 km flood discharge channel of Tuanbowa,this paper,based on the premise of flood control safety for super-standard floods in the Daqing River System,employed MIKE FLOOD software to construct a one-and two-dimensional coupled flood routing model,and conducted scientific demonstration for flood discharge channel optimization schemes by integrating data from the Third National Land Survey and the territorial spatial planning of Jinghai District.The originally planned 4～6 km flood discharge channel in Tuanbowa was adjusted to 2～4 km.The simulation results indicate that,on the basis of ensuring safe discharge of super-standard floods in the Daqing River System,the optimized scheme reduced the inundation area of Tuanbowa by 164 km² and alleviated inundation losses;after channel narrowing,the water level within the channel rose by 0.11～0.57 m,while the flood flow velocity remained stable.This study achieves a balance between flood control safety and regional development,providing technical references for the layout optimization of flood detention basins and water conservancy planning and management in the Haihe River Basin.

Abstract:As a key industry for critical information infrastructure,the water conservancy industry's industrial control systems are the core carriers for smart water conservancy construction and refined management of water conservancy projects,directly related to basin water security and people's life and property safety.Currently,with increasingly severe global cybersecurity situations,affected by factors such as construction era and technology investment,the industrial control systems of water conservancy projects under the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission have problems including single safety protection measures,lagging domestic application,and imperfect safety management systems,and existing protection capabilities are difficult to match development needs.Based on relevant laws,regulations,and industry standards such as classified cybersecurity protection,and combined with the actual situation of water conservancy industrial control systems of the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,this paper analyzes three categories of protection requirements including basic security,security capability enhancement,and collaborative security.Following the design philosophy of"compliance baseline,architecture-driven,endogenous protection",a three-layer security system of"basic security+enhanced security+collaborative security"is constructed,with the construction content of each level clearly defined.This research provides technical support and practical guidance for safe and stable operation of industrial control systems in water conservancy projects under the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,contributing to the enhancement of independent and controllable capabilities and security protection levels of water conservancy industrial control systems.

Abstract:The EOD model is an innovative path to overcome the funding bottleneck of ecological governance for major linear water conservancy projects and achieve synergy between ecological protection and industrial development.Taking the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the research object,and grounded in the"Two Mountains"theory and the theory of ecological product value realization,this paper constructs a five-dimensional analytical framework for EOD applicable to major linear water conservancy projects.It systematically analyzes the practical characteristics of EOD projects along the route,identifies three dominant project types—water pollution prevention and control,wetland restoration,and mine governance—and proposes three industry-backfeeding pathways:space-enabled,factor-guaranteed,and brand-premium models.Through financial modeling,the feasibility of internalizing governance costs is verified,and cross-regional and cross-departmental collaborative governance is revealed as the core implementation mechanism.Optimization recommendations are put forward from the perspectives of policy coordination,financing innovation,risk prevention and control,and digital empowerment,with the aim of forming replicable and extendable"eastern route experience"to support the green and low-carbon transformation of the national water network and the sustainable development of river basins.

Abstract:The construction of reservoir dams directly affects river continuity,thereby impacting fish migration and genetic exchange.Constructing fish passage facilities is one of the effective measures to mitigate the impacts of dam construction on fish.As a commonly adopted fish passage facility,the design of fish collection and transport system is related to factors such as the spatiotemporal distribution of fish,habitat environment,living habits,and swimming capacity,with the design focus mainly including the location and structure of the fish entrance and the operating water levels.By summarizing and analyzing the design of fish collection and transport system for specific project,and based on the swimming capacity test results of fish in the project area,combined with the project layout and characteristic water levels,this paper presents the design method and process of the fish collection and transport system,which can serve as a reference for the design of similar projects.

Abstract:Taking the Muchang Ship Lock Project on the North Canal as the research subject,this study conducts technical research on the issue of excessive leakage between the miter gates and the bottom sill.Using the current meter method,leakage detection is conducted at 40 monitoring points.The results show that the qualification rate is only 72.5%,significantly lower than the 90%requirement specified in the relevant code.Through hierarchical analysis,it is identified that"insufficient flatness of the bottom sill surface"is the primary cause of excessive leakage,accounting for 81.8%of the total,with the corner areas being the most critical,accounting for 77.8%.Further cause-verification tests confirm that"inadequate grinding of the corner areas"is the key technical issue.To address this problem,a treatment scheme using angle grinders for fine grinding is proposed.Implementation results demonstrate that the leakage qualification rate increases to 94.2%,exceeding the expected target value of 92%.The research findings can serve as a reference for quality control of gate sealing system construction in similar ship lock projects.

Abstract:To address the seepage issues observed at the downstream dam face and slopes of the Shuinianwan Reservoir dam in Guizhou Province after impoundment,the design team classified the seepages into three categories based on their locations and characteristics:joint-related seepage corresponding to upstream panel joints,local seepage at non-joint areas of the upstream panel,and foundation seepage.Based on field safety inspections and subsequent quality testing results of the upstream panels,a categorized treatment scheme was implemented:cracks in the upstream panels were repaired using coating methods,while consolidation grouting was performed to enhance the foundation curtain.Post-implementation monitoring confirmed satisfactory anti-seepage effectiveness,validating the feasibility of the"categorized treatment and precision-targeted measures"methodology.This approach provides valuable technical references for seepage control in similar masonry dams.