Abstract:As one of the regions with the densest glacier distribution globally,Mount Qomolangma area exerts sig-nificant impact on downstream ecosystems,water resource utilization and agricultural irrigation through its meltwa-ter.This study aimed to investigate the water variation characteristics of glacial runoff in this area.6 water tempera-ture monitoring points were established along the Zhagaqu River,which was fed by the Rongbuk Glacier on the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma.High-frequency monitoring was conducted continuously for 7 days,and me-teorological data were integrated to analyze the spatio-temporal variation in water temperature and their driving fac-tors.The results indicated that water temperature of the Zhagaqu River increased with decreasing altitude,demon-strating significant spatial heterogeneity.In higher-altitude areas(5023～5147 m),the water temperature iwas domi-nated by solar radiation,showing a significant positive correlation with shortwave radiation,while in lower-altitude areas(4321～4700 m),the water temperature was dominated by air temperature,exhibiting greater fluctuation,and was influenced by multiple factors such as heat exchange and tributary inflow,resulting in occasionally anomalous high-temperature events.In addition,the maximum water temperature in higher-altitude areas was observed between 13:00 and 16:00,while in lower-altitude areas it was delayed between 15:00 and 18:00,showing a time lag of ap-proximately 2～3 hours.This study reveals the dynamic variation patterns and primary controlling factors of meltwa-ter temperature at different altitudes in glacial runoff in Mount Qomolangma area,which could enrich the under-standing of meltwater temperature variability of glacial runoff and its mechanisms in high-altitude areas,and pro-vide a scientific basis for the meltwater resource management of glacial runoff and aquatic ecosystem protection un-der climate change.

Abstract:Trichoderma is an important biocontrol fungus.In this experiment,the growth rate method was used to study the biological characteristics of Trichoderma strain Y1.The optimal growth and nutritional conditions for Trichoderma strain Y1 were determined through the experiment.The results showed that the optimal temperature for the growth of Trichoderma Y1 colony was 25℃,the optimal culture medium was potato sucrose medium,the opti-mal carbon source was glucose and the optimal nitrogen source was yeast extract.Mg2+and Mn2+ions promoted the growth of Trichoderma Y1 colony,while Cu2+inhibited it.The optimal pH value was 6.The experimental resultspro-vide a theoretical basis for the subsequent study on the fermentation conditions of Trichoderma Y1 and further devel-opment of its biocontrol function.