Abstract:In order to improve the quality of the upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves in central Henan,the effects of stable time in yellowing and fixing stages on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied with the upper flue-cured leaves of Zhongyan 100 as materials.The results showed that compared with the conventional curing technique,when the yellowing stage(38 ℃)was prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of high-grade tobacco were increased,the oil content,structure,color,aroma of appearance were improved,major chemical components were harmonious,and the aroma amount,miscellaneous gas,aftertaste and combustibility of sensory evaluation were better.In the fixing color stage,when the temperature of 46℃was prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of top-grade tobacco were increased,the structure,color,aroma were improved,the chemical components were harmonious,and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was significantly increased,but it was not conducive to the improvement of sensory quality,and the aroma quality,aroma quantity and other indicators were decreased.When the yellowing stage(38 ℃)and the fixing stage(46 ℃)were both prolonged for 12 h,the proportion and average price of top-grade tobacco were significantly increased,chemical components were coordinate,the sensory evaluation of aroma quality,aroma amount,miscellaneous gas,aftertaste,flammability and total amount of neutral aroma substances significantly increased.It can be concluded that the overall performance of cured tobacco is better under T3(38 ℃extended for 12 h)and T4 treatment(38 ℃ and 46 ℃ extended for 12 h),and T4 treatment(38 ℃ and 46 ℃ extended for 12 h)is the best.

Abstract:Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is an important food crop in China.As one of the rice planting methods,direct seeding rice can realize the simplification and mechanization of rice production,and has significant advantages such as cost saving,time saving and water saving.The development of direct seeding rice is conducive to the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity.In recent years,with the transfer of rural labor force,the area of direct-seeded rice has increased,and it has also been found that there were problems in the production of direct-seeded rice,such as difficult seedling,serious grass damage and easy lodging.Compared with transplanted rice,the yield of direct-seeded rice was not guaranteed.This paper summarized the advantages,disadvantages and influencing factors of direct-seeded rice,put forward the development strategy of direct-seeded rice,and forecasted the prospect of direct-seeded rice,in order to provide reference for solving the key and difficult points of direct-seeded rice technology and improving the technical level of direct-seeded rice,and promote the healthy and high-quality development of direct-seeded rice industry.

Abstract:In order to select silage corn varieties suitable for planting in the alpine and semi-arid areas of northern Shanxi Province,six silage corn varieties(Xianyu 508,Dajingjiu 23,Qiangsheng silage 30,Longsheng 19,Yayu 8 and Yongyu 3)were selected for adaptability study.The agronomic traits,biological yield and silage quality of each test variety were measured and analyzed for correlation with each other,and the grey relational analysis method was used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that among the six silage corn varieties,the biological yield of Dajingjiu 23,Yongyu No.3 and Yayu No.8 ranked the top 3,which were 77 151.27,74 978.73,69 821.23 kg/ha,respectively.There were significant differences in biological yield and dry matter content among different varieties.The contents of crude protein,starch,acid fiber,neutral fiber,lignin,and total digestible nutrient were significantly different.The grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze the trait indicators of the six silage maize varieties.The results showed that Longsheng 19 and Xianyu 508 had better comprehensive performance and were suitable to be used as whole silage maize varieties in the cold semi-arid area of North Shanxi Province.

Abstract:In order to further improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and save fertilization costs,the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material.Through field experiments,four fertilization schemes were set up,including 15%(CK),20%,25%,and 30%organic nitrogen with no change in nitrogen application rate.The growth of tobacco leaves in the field and the yield and quality of cured tobacco leaves were compared and analyzed.The results showed that ensuring the same nitrogen application rate and increasing the proportion of organic nitrogen application at 25%could promote plant height increase and increase the maximum leaf area of the middle leaf,effectively optimizing agronomic traits;It could improve chromaticity,reduce greenness and gray discoloration,increase oil content,and improve the appearance quality of tobacco leaves;The aroma quality had improved,the amount of aroma has increased,the impurities and irritations had decreased,and the sensory evaluation quality of roasted tobacco leaves had been greatly improved.The proportion of high-quality tobacco had increased to 68.03%,the yield of middle and upper tobacco leaves had increased by 34.5 kg/ha,and the output value had increased by 1 649.7 yuan/ha,playing a positive role in improving economic benefits.In the tobacco planting area of Yongzhou,a fertilization ratio scheme of 25%organic nitrogen and 75%inorganic nitrogen with unchanged nitrogen application rate can be demonstrated and promoted.

Abstract:The composition of wood vinegar was analyzed by GC-MS,and field tests were carried out in Hebi,Zhoukou,Gongyi and Anyang cities of Henan Province to study the effects of spraying wood vinegar foliar fertilizer on wheat agronomic traits,yield and economic benefit.The results showed that the main components of wood vinegar were acids,ketones and phenols.Compared with foliar fertilizer containing amino acid,spraying wood vinegar foliar fertilizer improved plant height,stem diameter,root length,ear length,ear width,leaf length and leaf width;Increased thousand-grain weight,and the highest increase rate was 4.52%in Anyang test site;Increased yield,and the highest increase rate was 12.50%in Gongyi test site;Increased the economic benefit,and the maximum increase was 2 100 Yuan/ha in Gongyi test site.

Abstract:The waterlogging stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in the growth and development of maize.Waterlogging stress restricts the growth and development of maize.In this paper,the effects of waterlogging stress on maize were reviewed from the aspects of agronomic traits,physiology and biochemistry,yield,molecular biology and mitigation techniques etc.It maybe used as a reference for the study of waterlogging tolerance and the breeding of waterlogging resistant maize varieties.

Abstract:The vegetable planting area,pesticide types,pesticide application amount,pesticide costs and labor costs of vegetable growers in Pingyu County were investigated and analyzed,and the differences of pesticide application amount of different scales of growers and vegetable planting patterns were compared and analyzed,so as to provide scientific basis for rational application of pesticides on vegetables,promotion of green prevention and control technology and pesticide reduction in Henan Province.The results showed that average pesticide application amount of vegetable growers in Pingyu County was 12.40 kg/ha,and the average active ingredient amount was 3.05 kg/ha.The proportion of fungicides and insecticides were higher,which were 59.03%and 31.90%,respectively.The average pesticide cost was 1 359.4 yuan/ha,the average labor cost was 590.6 yuan/ha,and the average control cost was 1 950 yuan/ha.The level of pesticide were greatly different among different planting patterns,the average pesticide application amount of vegetables in protected areas was 2.67 times that of vegetables in open areas;There was little difference in the application amount of pesticide used by different scales of growers.The application amount of biopesticides was small,accounting for 2.5%of the total application amount of pesticides;The use area of color plate,insecticidal lamp,insecticidal net and black mulch were small,accounting for 12.5%,2.5%,6.7%and 1.7%of the total planting area of vegetables respectively;The application amount of medium and high toxic pesticides was small,accounting for 4.4%of the total application amount of pesticides.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different seeding rates on the growth stages of wheat,this experiment studied the influence of B1(seeding rate of 187.5 kg/ha),B2(seeding rate of 225.0 kg/ha)and B3(seeding rate of 262.5 kg/ha)on the agronomic traits and dry matter content of each growth stage of wheat through field experiments at the experimental demonstration base of the Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that with the increase of seeding rate,the dry matter content per plant,plant height from jointing stage to mature stage and leaf area per plant of wheat at each growth stage were the highest in B2,followed by B1 and the lowest in B3.B3 increased the height of overwintering wheat plants by 1.98 cm and reduced the leaf area per plant by 15.2 cm2 compared to B1.B3 also reduced the weight gain ratio of overwintering and jointing stage wheat by 0.95,0.55 g/cm.B3 significantly reduced wheat spike length and the number of fertile small spikes compared to B1 and B2.In general,an appropriate seeding rate could increase the leaf area per plant and dry matter content per plant,thereby improving the weight increase ratio and production of wheat.

Abstract:In order to determine the occurrence of S.frugiperda in Zhengzhou and actively explore and promote the prevention and control technology,the occurrence investigation,pest control technology research and demonstration promotion of S.frugiperda were carried out from 2019 to 2022.The results showed that S.frugiperda larvae were first found in Zhongmu County and other places in Zhengzhou City in June 2019.By exploring the occurrence regularity,damage symptoms and morphological characteristics,control guiding services and pest monitoring were carried out.It was suggested that comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out from the aspects of agricultural control,ecological regulation,biological control and chemical control,so as to control pest damage,reduce pesticide dosage,and ensure corn production safety and agricultural ecological stability.

Abstract:Kaimai 1606 is a new semi-winter wheat variety bred by the Wheat Research Institute of Kaifeng Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences through pedigree method.It was approved by Henan Provincial Main Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021(Approval No.:Yushenmai 20210106).In order to make Kaimai 1606 play a greater value in production,according to the results of 2016-2017 variety comparison test,2017-2018 and 2018-2019 regional test and 2019-2020 production test of Henan Fengyou Wheat Test Consortium,the high yield,stability,adaptability,stress resistance and quality of new wheat variety Kaimai 1606 were analyzed.The results showed that the average yield of Kaimai 1606 was 7 717.5 kg/ha,which was 4.8%higher than that of the control Zhoumai 18.It had high yield potential,good yield and good comprehensive resistance.The average plant height was 76.2 cm.It had strong lodging resistance,strong yield stability and wide adaptability.It was a medium gluten wheat variety and had good application prospects.

Abstract:As a newly registered compound fungicide for the control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB),40％imidcopper·flucyclozole SC has the characteristics of high spectrum and safety for wheat growth.In order to verify the control effect of 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC on wheat FHB,stripe rust and leaf rust,field control test was carried out to investigate the effect of 450,600,750 mL/ha 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC,375 mL/ha 45％pentazole·imidazole EW(control agent)and blank control(CK)on control of wheat FHB,stripe rust,leaf rust and yield.The results showed that the wheat with different amount of 40％imidcopper·flucyclozole SC normally ripened without premature aging,and the color of leaves and ears was bright yellow without darkening.The control effects of 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC on FHB,stripe rust and leaf rust were better,and the disease indexes were lower than CK and control agent.The control effects were 89.36％—92.55％,89.74％—94.87％and 85.97％—89.09％,respectively.The control effects increased with the increase of amount of 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC,and the control effects were higher than that of the control agent.The yield of wheat treated with 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC was 8 283.35-8 419.99 kg/ha,and increased with the increase of amount of 40％imidcopper·fluocyclozole SC,which was higher than thoes of control agent and CK,with 12.088％—13.938％higher than that of CK.

Abstract:The breeding of high-quality varieties is not only the core driving force for the high-quality development of the sweet potato industry,but also cornerstone to ensure the sustainable development of the sweet potato seed industry.At present,sweet potato virus disease poses a serious threat to the growth and development of sweet potatoes,and the promotion and application of virus-free seedling technology has become an effective strategy for the prevention and control of sweet potato virus disease and the protection of the healthy development of the sweet potato industry.At present,the system of high-quality sweet potato variety breeding in China is still not sound.Therefore,this paper analyzes the current technology system of high-quality variety breeding in China,combs the existing problems in the process of high-quality variety breeding of sweet potatoes,and proposes the suggestions of creating a new mechanism of science and enterprise cooperation,strengthening the protection of variety rights and promoting the direct breeding of virus-free test-tube seedlings of sweet potatoes.It is expected to promote the healthy and high-quality development of the sweet potato industry.