Abstract:Heterogeneity is one of the important features of malignant tumors. CT texture analysis (CTTA) is a new imaging post-processing technique to quantify heterogeneity of tumor. Increasing number of studies have shown that CTTA is a potential useful tool in tumor imaging, and can provide important information including tumor characteristics, prognosis assessment, prediction or monitoring of tumor treatment response, and so on. In this article, we reviewed the literatures about CT texture analysis in evaluating heterogeneity of tumour. The correlation between tumor biological behaviors and CTTA parameters and the role of CTTA as an imaging marker in clinical practice was summarized, to further explore its potential in clinical application.

Abstract:Arterial spin labeling (ASL) utilizing the water in arteries as an endogenous contrast media is a functional magnetic resonance imaging with advantages of noninvasive, lower cost, simpler operation and repetition, and avoiding the potential side effects from exogenous contrast agents. Three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) which is based on fast spin echo (FSE) spiral K space gathering can effectively overcome motion artifacts and magnetic susceptibility artifacts come from EPI. Compared with the conventional ASL, the main advantages of ASL are more wider image, better quality, faster gathering speed, more accurate signal location and so on. All of the mentioned advantages make it wider application than conventional ASL. The research progress and clinical application of 3D-ASL were reviewed.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the abilities of MRI, MR shoulder joint arthrography (MRAr) and high fre-quency ultrasound in diagnosis of rotator cuff injury. Methods Eighty four patients with suspected rotator cuff injury were treated in The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from February 2015 to September 2016, there were 52 males and 32 fe-males, aged 22-64 years, with an average of (48.2 ±12.1) years. Retrospectively analyzed the imaging data of MRI, MR shoulder joint arthrography and high frequency ultrasound,χ2 test was used to compare the difference in diagnostic efficacy between MRI and high frequency ultrasound. Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of MRI, high frequency ultra-sound with shoulder arthroscopy, and the consistency of the 3 methods of MRI, high frequency ultrasound and MRAr com-bined with shoulder arthroscopy was analyzed respectively. Results The accuracy of MRI, MRAr, and high frequency ul-trasound in the diagnosis of typeⅠrotator cuff injury was 100%. MRAr has a very high detection rate for typeⅠ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅳ rotator cuff injury, and the accuracy was 97.8%(45/46), but was invalid for type Ⅲ, typeⅤand typeⅥrota-tor cuff injury. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI and high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff injury were:88.8%, 75.0%, and 88.1%;87.5%, 75%, and 86.9%, respectively, and there were not statistically signif-icant between them (χ2=0.856, P=0.1). Combining MRI, MRAr and high frequency ultrasound, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing rotator cuff injury were 93.7%, 100%and 94%, respectively. The three methods had good con-sistency compared with shoulder arthroscopy in detecting rotator cuff injury (κ=0.81, P=0.001;κ=0.79, P<0.001;κ=0.94, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion High frequency ultrasound can be used as the primary method for rotator cuff injury, and MRI is an effective complement. MRAr has a very high detection rate for type Ⅰ,Ⅱ type, and type Ⅳ rotator cuff in-jury. The three methods complement each other, and combination can improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Abstract:The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma is continuously increasing, and it has become the most common type of lung cancer. The concept of alveolar cell carcinoma has been abandoned and adenocarcinoma in situ has been prosed by the 2011 New Lung Adenocarcinoma Multidisciplinary Classification. The importance of computed tomographic (CT) in the screening and diagnosis of early lung adenocarcinoma has been emphasized. Early lung adenocarcinoma usually presents as a ground-glass nodule (GGN) on CT. The diagnosis is based on the morphological characteristics of lesions, mainly including size of nodule, internal structure, edge, and relationship with the adjacent structure, etc. In this article we reviewed the recent literatures concerning the value of GGN CT findings in diagnosing lung adenocarcinoma in early stage.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the value of prominent vessel sign (PVS) on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)in assessing ischemic penumbra of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Method A total of 32 continuous AIS patients with large vessels occlusion or severe stenosis (TICI grade 0-1) who underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging examination were enrolled.Twenty three were male,and 9 were female.The middle age were 59 years.The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was used to evaluate abnormal regions on diffusion-weighted images (DWI),SWI,and mean transit time map (MTT).The regions that DWI normal/SWI abnormal and SWI abnormal＞DWI abnormal are defined as ischemic penumbra area.Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the differences between PVS and MTT scores in both cerebral hemispheres and deep brain nucleus.Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between DWI-PVS and DWI-MTT,mDWI-PVS and mDWI-MTT.Result The DWI-PVS was positively correlated with DWI-MTT(r=0.433,P=0.013),the mDWI-PVS was positively correlated with mDWI-MTT (r=0.502,P=0.003).The PVS and MTTscores did not significantly differ in cerebral hemisphere (P=0.395),but significantly differ in deep brain nucleus (P=0.029).Conclusion In AIS patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the large vessels,PVS can be used for the assessment of ischemic penumbra,and PVS is accurate in assessing ischemic penumbra in cerebral hemispheres.