Abstract:The relationship between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is one of the hot spots in oral medicine field.Our group set up malocclusion animal model and observed the abnormal remodeling,and even degen erative changes of TMJ condyle.The mechanical changes after malocclusion have effects on the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of chondrocytes,degradation of extracellular matrix and absorption of subchondral bone.This review focuses on the influence of malocclusion on TMJ condyle.

Abstract:With the development of our country's economy and oral health,the prevalence of dental caries has decreased in children.It is worth noting that the rate of untreated dental caries in children remains at a high level;due to the limitation of psychological and physiological development of children,they are more likely to produce fear and uncooperative behavior,and thus they are unable to complete clinical treatment.The great obstacle in the diagnosis and treatment is the dental fear of children.Therefore,the oral treatment for uncooperative children is the main problem faced by children and their parents.This paper presented a review on the psychological characteristics of children in dental situation,causes of fear,and behavior management methods according to clinical features of children in clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective The red aesthetic effects of the preservation of the tooth extraction site in the comparative esthetic area and the simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) implantation. Methods The linear regression of 32 patients underwent single-tooth delayed bone-level implantation in the esthetic zone. A group:14 patients who were carried out delayed implantation after extraction site preservation. B group 18 patients who underwent delayed implantation and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in One-stage operation. the peri-implant soft tissue at baseline (implant placement) and at 6-month、9-month follow-up. Two observers who is a prosthodontist and a Orthodontic doctor assigned PES values to the peri-implant soft tissue in the photographs. Changes in PES value from baseline to 6-month、9-month follow-up were calculated. Degree of patient satisfaction was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6-month、9-month follow-up. The correlation between the VAS and PES scores was calculated. Results The PES score of group A was 11.54 ± 0.69, 12.57 ± 0.63 and 11.93 ± 0.60 at 0, 6 and 9 months of follow-up. The PES score of group B was 10.17± 0.38, 11.16 ± 0.46 and 11.02 ± 0.45 at 0, 6 and 9 months of follow-up. The VAS score of group A was 8.64 ± 0.50, 9.79 ± 0.43 and 8.17 ± 0.61 at 0, 6 and 9 months of follow-up. The VAS score of group B was 7.22 ± 0.64, 8.06 ± 0.64 and 8.28 ± 0.67 at 0, 6 and 9 months of follow-up. The PES and VAS scores were both better in group A than in group B;the VAS score was obviously related to PES score (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The esthetic result of peri-implant soft tissue is markedly improved 6 months after restoration of the PFM crown. The PES of A group is better than PES of B group (P＜0.05). The PES value can reflect the degree of patient satisfaction with the peri-implant soft tissue esthetic result.