Abstract:In order to improve the utilization rate of passion fruit peel resources and solve the technical bottleneck of short shelf life of candied fruits,the peel of passion fruit was used as the raw material,and three key factors of water activity(Aw),citric acid addition and sugar addition were synergistically regulated by using the hurdle technology to optimize the processing technology.By taking the shelf life as the core index,the range of parameters was screened through the single factor test,and the process parameters were optimized by the orthogonal test.Then,the best process scheme was determined by using the sensory evaluation.The results indicated that the primary and secondary factors affecting the shelf life of candied passion fruits were the citric acid addition＞water activity＞sugar addition.The optimal process combination was A2B2C3(Aw of 0.5-0.55,citric acid of 0.8%,sugar of 14%).The verification result through the accelerated tests at 45℃and 35℃showed that,the shelf life of the passion fruit preserves at 25℃was predicted to extend up to 833 days.After 300 days of storage at 25℃,the microbial index of the product met the requirements of GB/T 10782-2021 General Standard for the Quality of Preserved Fruits,with the sensory score of 88.33.This study provided a reliable technological pathway for the high-value utilization of passion fruit peels.

Abstract:In order to promote the standardized and large-scale development of forest-medicinal compound cultivation mode,improve the yield and quality of medicinal materials,and promote the coordinated development of ecology and economy in mountainous areas,the understory compound cultivation techniques of the four medicinal plants,such as Paris polyphylla,Polygonatum cyrtonema,Ganoderma lucidum,and Dendrobium officinale,were systematically sorted out,including the technical requirements such as terminology and definition,environment of producing area,cultivation techniques,field management,pest control,harvesting and processing.By integrating and optimizing the ecological habits,growth cycle and management measures of the four medicinal materials,the efficient utilization of the understory space and the synergistic improvement of the quality of medicinal materials were realized.

Abstract:The depletion of wild medicinal materials in China has intensified the conflict with the increasing market demand.Southern China is rich in forest resources.The efficient utilization of understory space to plant Chinese herbal medicines is an important way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand and achieve the forest-medicine symbiosis.At present,the four characteristic medicinal materials industries of Polygonatum cyrtonema,Paris chinensis,Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum under the forest in southern China have made some progress in the cultivation of improved varieties and cultivation techniques,but there were still some problems,such as insufficient supply of high-quality seedlings and insufficient popularization and application of high-efficiency cultivation techniques,which restricted the healthy and orderly development of the industrial scale.By focusing on these four characteristic medicinal materials under the forest in southern China,the research progress on the evaluation of high-quality germplasm resources and the key technologies of efficient cultivation was systematically reviewed.The suitable cultivation conditions such as soil,light,water and fertilizer under the forest of each medicinal material were further clarified,and the compound planting modes such as Castanea henryi-Polygonatum cyrtonema,Cunninghamia lanceolata-Paris chinensis,Longan-Dendrobium officinale,Grape-Ganoderma lucidum were formed.On this basis,it was proposed that the innovation of high-quality germplasm and the standard of integrated cultivation techniques should be strengthened in the future,so as to provide theoretical support for the high-quality development of understory medicinal materials industry in southern China.

Abstract:As a traditional medicinal and edible dual-use resource,the drying process of Chrysanthemum morifolium directly affects the retention of active ingredients and product quality.In this paper,the effects of six drying methods,including the steam de-enzyming and hot air drying(50 ℃),steam de-enzyming and drying in the shade,steam de-enzyming and freeze-drying,hot air drying,drying in the shade,and freeze-drying,on the color,active ingredients(total phenols,total flavonoids),antioxidant capacity(DPPH,FRAP,ABTS),and volatile flavor of Chrysanthemum morifolium were compared.The results showed that:the combination of E-nose and principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the comprehensive response value of volatile substances in the shade-dried treatment group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P＜0.05),while the volatile components in the steam de-enzyming and hot air-drying group as well as freeze-drying group were significantly lost due to the high temperature or vacuum environment.The total flavonoid content in the shade-dried and frozen-dried treatment groups was the highest(86.46 and 84.37 mg·g-1),which was significantly better than that in the fixing and drying group(46.19 mg·g-1)(P＜0.05).The steam de-enzyming pretreatment significantly reduced the retention rate of flavonoids,with an average loss rate of 26.3%.The antioxidant activity showed a method-dependent manner.The shade-dried and hot air-dried samples showed the best DPPH(213.81 and 212.10 μmol·g-1)and ABTS(84.44 and 82.83 μmol·g-1)free radical scavenging ability,while the FRAP reducing ability was the highest in the hot air-dried group(356.02 μmol·g-1).It was suggested that drying in the shade or freeze-drying should be prioritized for the functional products,while the industrial production could consider the multi-stage hot air drying to balance the quality and efficiency.

Abstract:In order to effectively improve the textural quality of surimi,by using the Textured Soybean Protein(TSP)as modifier,the texture improvement process of surimi was optimized through the single factor experiment combined with the response surface method,and the effects of TSP addition level,protease pretreatment and different processing parameters on the texture of surimi were investigated.The results showed that with the increase of TSP addition(0～30%wet basis),the hardness,springiness,gel strength and water holding capacity of surimi initially increased and then decreased,while the whiteness value continuously declined.The optimum addition amount of TSP was determined to be 10%,at which the textural parameters of surimi gel reached their maximum values.Additionally,the pretreatment of TSP with papain(100 U·g-1,60℃,30 min)could significantly improve the gel strength of surimi.Furthermore,the supplementation with 0.12 U·g-1 transglutaminase(TGase)could markedly improve its water holding capacity.Through the response surface analysis,the optimal processing parameters were identified as follows:on the basis of papain pretreatment,TSP addition level of 10.5%,gelation time of 35 min,and cooking time of 35 min.Under these conditions,the predicted gel strength of surimi was 4 633.87 g·mm,while the measured value of validation experiments was 4 582.27 g·mm,with the relative error of less than 1.2%,confirming the reliability of the model.

Abstract:In order to explore the technical model for the prevention and control of red fire ants in rural environment,promote the refined and scientific development of prevention and control technology,improve the control effect and reduce the risk of pesticide environmental residues and pesticide damage,the existing prevention and control technology of red fire ants and pesticides were used to carry out the integrated matching experiments and demonstrations of red fire ant control technology and pesticides in the three main habitats in the rural environment of Guangdong Province,namely dryland/irrigated land,paddy fields and residential areas,in order to form a control technology plan suitable for different regions.The results showed that:the occurrence and damage degree of red fire ants in each demonstration area was reduced from level Ⅲto level Ⅰ,and the average trapping ratio of ergate was reduced from about 90%to about 20%.In the paddy field habitat,the use of chemical synthetic pesticides was reduced by 100%,with significant economic and ecological benefits.The technical plan for the prevention and control of red fire ants in dry land/irrigated land,paddy field and villages formed by this study had significant effect,which could provide technical support for the scientific control of red fire ants in rural environment and reduce the use of pesticides,and had important promotion value.

Abstract:Minyuanjing No.1 is a new cultivar of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.derived from a wild plant collected in Yuandai Mountain,Huaqiao Township,Guangze County,Nanping City,Fujian Province,and subsequently developed through the systematic selection.The average phenological period of this variety was 209 days.After three years of cultivation,the average plant height was 80.5 cm.The leaves were arranged alternately,light green in color,ovate in shape,with a leaf shape index of 1.8.In addition,the rhizomes of this variety were relatively fleshy,ginger-shaped and yellowish-brown,with an average fresh weight of 407.6 g per plant.From 2021 to 2024,the regional experiments were carried out in Guangze County of Nanping City,Jiangle County of Sanming City and Wuping County of Longyan City.The average fresh yield of rhizomes was 9,352.5 kg·hm-2,which was 380.7%higher than that of the control variety Wanhuangjing No.1.In addition,this variety had excellent disease resistance,with the polysaccharide content of 14.8%and the extract content of 74.7%in the rhizome.In summary,Minyuanjing No.1 had the characteristics of high yield,good quality,and strong disease resistance.It was suitable for understory cultivation in Fujian Province at an altitude of 300-800 meters with the canopy density of 40%-60%,and had broad application prospects.

Abstract:Studying the volatile components of Cajanus cajan roots,and analyzing the biological function of the volatile components of Cajanus cajan roots,can provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of the volatile components of Cajanus cajan roots.The volatile components of Cajanus cajan roots extracted by the steam distillation were detected by using the headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.The results indicated that:a total of 98 volatile components were identified from the roots of Cajanus cajan,including 10 components such as alcohols,esters,aldehydes,ketones,acids,terpenes,alkanes,aromatics and alkaloids.Among them,the number of terpenes was the highest,reaching 47,and the relative content was also the highest,reaching 77.863%.The volatile components with higher relative content in Cajanus cajan roots were 10s,11s-himachala-3(12),4-diene,(+)-β-himachalene,di-epi-α-cedrene,α-himachalene,cis-(-)-2,4a,5,6,9a-hexahydro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl(1H)benzocycloheptene,whose relative contents were 11.377%,10.289%,7.564%,5.834%,and 5.804%,respectively.The study showed that the volatile components of Cajanus cajan roots played an important role in resisting the infestation of pathogens and pests and inhibiting the weeds.

Abstract:In order to improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of Chinese cabbage,Jinding Chinese cabbage variety was used as the experimental material to explore the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate for Chinese cabbage through the field experiments.Four treatments were set up in the experiment,namely no nitrogen zone(control,N0PK),70%optimized nitrogen zone(N1PK),optimized nitrogen zone(N2PK)and 130%optimized nitrogen zone(N3PK).The amount of nitrogen applied to the optimized nitrogen zone was 210.0 kg·hm-2,and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in each treatment was the same,which were phosphorus fertilizers(P2O5)90 kg·hm-2,potassium fertilizers(K2O)180 kg·hm-2,all applied according to the recommended values for the local production conditions.The results showed that the moderate increase of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,girth and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage.Among them,the 130%optimized nitrogen zone achieved the maximum plant height(25.73 cm)and fresh weight(2.12 kg per plant).The yield of each nitrogen application treatment was significantly increased by 40.92%to 64.36%compared with that of the unapplied nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Nitrogen application treatments increased the soluble sugar content of Chinese cabbage to varying degrees,and highly significantly increased the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage,while highly significantly decreasing the vitamin C content.The economic benefit analysis showed that,the net yield of Chinese cabbage in the optimized nitrogen zone was 61419.43 yuan/hm2,which was not significantly different from the maximum net yield(130%optimized nitrogen zone)of 65558.17 yuan/hm2(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,the output-input ratio(4.25)of the treatment in the optimized nitrogen zone showed higher economic efficiency,which was 0.14 lower than the maximum output-input ratio(4.39).In conclusion,under the condition of fixed phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage(P2O5 90 kg·hm-2,K2O 180 kg·hm-2),the optimized nitrogen zone,i.e.,nitrogen fertilizer(pure N)of 210 kg·hm-2,was recommended for the production of Chinese cabbage in Changle District to achieve the best balance among yield,quality,economic benefits,and environmental sustainability.

Abstract:In order to screen out the Indian pumpkin varieties suitable for being cultivated in Fuzhou area,24 Indian pumpkin varieties were introduced,and their phenological period,botanical characters,commodity and high yield were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that Xianpin,Duanmanjinghongli B,Weijia and Duanmanjinglvli performed well in the high-yield performance,significantly increasing the yield by 26.90%,24.66%,14.61%,and 13.67%compared with the control Yipin,which were suitable for being popularized and planted in Fuzhou.Among them,Duanmanjinghongli B not only had the outstanding high yield,but also had the characteristics of good earliness of ripening,bright peel color,and good farinaceous taste,which could be used as the main popularized variety.Beibei varieties could be supplementarily planted as the special varieties to meet the differentiated consumer demand due to their outstanding silty properties.

Abstract:In order to utilize the seafood mushroom residue,the composting fermentation experiment was conducted to produce the organic fertilizer by using the seafood mushroom residue and fresh duck manure as the primary raw materials,supplemented with plant ash,tea residue and microbial inoculant.In this paper,four formulations were designed in the experiment,which were formulation#1(40%seafood mushroom residue+50%duck manure+5%tea residue),formulation#2(45%seafood mushroom residue+40%duck manure+10%tea residue),formulation#3(40%seafood mushroom residue+40%duck manure+15%tea residue),and formulation#4(40%seafood mushroom residue+40%suck manure+15%tea residue).Meanwhile,all the four kinds of formulations were all added with 5%plant ash and 0.02%microbial inoculant.The fermentation temperature,nutrient content,and the dynamic changes of culturable bacteria were studied during the composting fermentation process of four kinds of formulations.The results showed that the temperature in the fermentation process of the four formulations could reach more than 60℃.The organic fertilizer fermented from formulations#3 and#4 exhibited the total nutrient contents of 4.64%and 4.07%,and the organic matter contents of 34.80%and 33.07%,respectively,which meet China's national standards for commercial bio-organic fertilizers.The population of mesophilic bacteria adapting to 35℃and thermophilic bacteria adapting to 55℃were significantly increased after the composting fermentation.Compared with the initial composting stage,the population of mesophilic bacteria increased by 1.39 to 1.93 times in the four formulations,while the population of thermophilic bacteria increased by 0.98 to 1.38 times.It concluded that formulation#3 demonstrated the optimal performance,followed by formulation#4.

Abstract:Yexiangyou 676 is a disease-resistant and high-quality fragrant three-line medium indica hybrid rice variety bred by the Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This variety had high yield,with an average yield of 8 612.2 kg·hm-2 in the two-year regional trials,which was 8.9%higher than that of the control Eryouming 86.The average yield in production trials was 9 060.0 kg·hm-2,an increase of 10.4%compared to the control Eryouming 86.The comprehensive evaluation showed that it was resistant to rice blast disease,and the rice quality reached the C grade high-quality rice standard issued by the Ministry.The rice had good taste and high rate of polished rice,making it suitable for producing the high-quality and upscale rice.In order to systematically summarize the high-yield and lodging-resistant cultivation techniques of Yexiangyou 676,the differential analysis of yield and lodging resistant traits in different plots under different nitrogen and potassium application levels and soil drying methods was conducted based on the main characteristics and the related genes of its excellent traits carried by Yexiangyou 676.Based on the experimental results,the"one low and three more"high-yield and lodging-resistant cultivation technique suitable for Yexiangyou 676 was determined,which was centered on"low nitrogen,more potassium,more base fertilizer,and reasonable moisture control",providing technical support for the promotion and application of this variety in production.

Abstract:In order to clarify the law of nitrogen and potassium fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in Weng'an tobacco-growing area,Xiangyan No.7 was used as the test material,and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as the two-factor variables to explore the effects of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.At the same time,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the appearance quality,physical index,chemical composition and smoking quality of Xiangyan No.7 tobacco leaves under different nitrogen and potassium application,in order to provide reference for the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Weng'an tobacco production area.The results showed that the quality index of flue-cured tobacco under N3 treatment was higher than that under other treatments.In terms of agronomic traits and economic traits,the high-nitrogen treatment significantly increased the plant height,maximum leaf length,maximum width of blade and the proportion of premium-grade tobacco leaves under different potassium application rates.In terms of appearance quality,the appearance quality index increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer content under high-nitrogen treatment,with N3K3 achieving the highest score(80).In terms of chemical composition,the chemical composition usability index of N1K2,N3K2,and N3K3 was higher.In conclusion,the fertilization scheme of applying an additional 15 kg·hm-2 pure nitrogen combined with 20%K2O(N3K3)in Weng'an tobacco-growing areas could improve the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at budding stage,optimize the indicators of economic traits,and obtain the highest appearance quality score,higher physical characteristics score and the most coordinated chemical composition,which had the best effect on improving the economic traits and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Abstract:In order to screen out the new sweet potato varieties suitable for being planted in Fujian Province,the regional comparative test of 30 new sweet potato varieties was carried out in Nanping City.By adopting the grouping control design,the tested varieties were classified into the high-quality and high-yield group 1,high-quality and high-yield group 2 and purple group,with Guangshu 87,Guangshu 87 and Funingzi No.3 as the control varieties,respectively.The fresh tuber yield,dried tuber yield,starch yield,starch content,appearance score and taste score of each variety were observed and evaluated.The results showed that:in the high-quality and high-yield group 1,the five varieties of Longshu 93,Jinshu 38,Fushu 203,Pushu 23 and Funingshu 35 showed outstanding performance.Among them,Longshu 93 had the highest fresh tuber yield of 64 681.59 kg·hm-2,which was 30.93%higher than that of Guangshu 87.The starch yield of Jinshu 38 was 13 344.88 kg·hm-2,which was 79.87%higher than that of Guangshu 87.In the high-quality and high-yield group 2,the fresh tuber yield of Lanshu No.1 was 19.28%higher than that of the control Guangshu 87,and the difference was significant.The dried tuber and starch yield of Lanshu No.1 both ranked second.The dried tuber matter and starch yield of Quanshu 33 ranked first.In the purple group,Funingzi No.13 had excellent processing characteristics.The starch yield of Funingzi No.13 was 44.88%higher than that of Funingzi No.3,and the difference was significant,with a starch content of 24.34%.The yield of fresh tuber,dried tuber and starch of Quanshu 31 ranked second,which was 14.43%,24.90%and 28.45%higher than that of Funingzi No.3,respectively.The above nine new sweet potato varieties performed well overall,which could be promoted for the small-scale trial planting in Nanping City.

Abstract:In order to optimize the tissue culture and rapid propagation technology system of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua,70%mature berries,mature seeds,and the underground tubers of three-year-old seedlings of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua were used as the experimental materials to screen the best explants.The further experiments were conducted to select the optimal induction medium,bud propagation subculture medium,and rooting medium for the best explants.At the same time,the application effects of glass bottles and high-pressure resistant transparent bags were compared in the intensive production of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.The results showed that the optimal explant of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was mature seeds,which had the highest induction rate in the medium of MS+6-BA2 mg·L-1+GA30.30 mg·L-1+NAA0.05 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1.The proliferation effect was better in the medium of MS+6-BA 1.6 mg·L-1+Qingjunyi 0.07 g·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1,with the proliferation coefficient of over 4.The rooting effect was better in the rooting medium of MS+NAA0.3 mg·L-1+IBA0.6 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1,with the rooting rate of 95%.At the same time,the experiments had shown that the bag-type tissue culture could be used instead of the bottle-type tissue culture for the entire growth cycle of intensive production of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seedlings.

Abstract:Mycobacterium smegmatis,as a classic model strain for tuberculosis research,exhibits the characteristics of intrinsic drug resistance and clinical pathogenicity,which can cause the epidermal and soft tissue infections.In order to overcome its intrinsic drug resistance barrier,Mycobacterium smegmatis was treated with n-butanol and kanamycin at different concentrations and different treatment times.The survival rate of bacteria was determined,and the integrity of cell membrane was detected by PI staining.The results showed the combination of 0.5 mol·L-1 n-butanol and kanamycin achieved the optimal synergistic bactericidal efficacy.The combined treatment of 10 min significantly improved the bactericidal efficiency.The synergistic effect exhibited both concentration-independent and rapidly responsive characteristics.N-butanol could significantly enhance the antibacterial activity of kanamycin and streptomycin against Mycobacterium smegmatis,and showed a significant synergistic effect on these two antibiotics.The PI staining showed that the fluorescence intensity of bacteria in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the single-agent treatment group,indicating that the cell membrane permeability was significantly increased.The study could provide a reference for developing the novel adjuvant drugs for anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Abstract:In order to broaden the application range of shrimp skin and enrich the types of crackers,the shrimp skin soda crackers were prepared with the shrimp skin as the additives.Based on the single-factor experiment,the formula of shrimp skin soda crackers was optimized by using the response surface methodology.The results showed that the optimum process of shrimp skin soda cracker was as follows:based on the low-gluten flour of 100%,the addition amount of shrimp skin powder was 5.15%,the addition amount of peanut oil 19.93%,the addition amount of yeast powder was 1.51%,the addition amount of baking soda was 0.5%,the baking temperature was 160℃,and the baking time was 15 min.The color,aroma,texture and taste of the shrimp skin soda crackers prepared under this process were all the best,and the sensory score was 83 points,which was close to the predicted value of 82.38 points by the response surface model.

Abstract:Based on years of research and practice,a technical specification for the cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua has been developed.The specification systematically standardized the technical process of standardized cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua,covering the key links of environmental quality requirements,seedling cultivation,planting,pest and disease control,harvesting and post-harvest handling,packaging and transportation,as well as record-keeping and traceability,which could provide technical support for artificial cultivation and industrial development of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Fujian Province.

Abstract:In order to clarify the effect of planting density on the four factors of the highest seedling and yield and seed production yield of two-line sterile line Li S,and provide reference for the high-yield seed production of Li S,five treatments with different planting densities were set up,and the nest spacing of treatments A-E was 16.5 cm×16.5 cm,16.5 cm×19.8 cm,16.5 cm×23.1 cm,16.5 cm×26.4 cm and 16.5 cm×29.7 cm,respectively.The effects of planting density on the heading date,maximum seedling,yield and seed production yield of Li S were studied.The results showed that the highest number of seedlings and effective panicles were found in treatment A,which reached 3.835 million tillers·hm-2 and 2.525 million panicles·hm-2,respectively.The highest number of grains per panicle was found in treatment E,which was 190.5 grains per panicle.The highest allogamy fructification rate,thousand seed weight and seed production yield were found in treatment C,which reached 53.7%,25.9 g and 3909.2 kg·hm-2,respectively.Different planting densities significantly affected the maximum number of tillers,the number of effective panicles,the number of grains per panicle and the yield of seed production.The maximum number of tillers and the number of effective panicles decreased with the decrease of planting density,while the number of grains per panicle increased with the decrease of planting density.The allogamy fructification rate and thousand seed weight were less affected by the planting density,and the seed production yield was affected by the four factors such as planting density,ear sprouting period and yield.The best spacing was 16.5 cm×23.1 cm.

Abstract:Kitchen waste was rich in organic matter and nutrients.Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion were the principal methods for its resource utilization,which could effectively reduce the environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development.At present,the treatment technologies of aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion still faced many problems,which significantly constrained the widespread adoption and practical application of these two technologies.In this paper,the reaction process of kitchen waste aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion treatment technology was introduced.Then,the research progress of some existing technical difficulties and their solution strategies was reviewed,and the advantages of the combined process of aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion were discussed,in order to provide a reference for the process optimization of aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion,and further improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the resource utilization of kitchen waste.