Abstract:Ecological flow is a key indicator for maintaining the health and sustainable development of river ecosystems.Currently,many ecological flow monitoring efforts exhibit overly simplistic indicator settings,often treating flow rate as the sole monitoring variable.Additionally,the selection of monitoring technologies lacks unified standards,and the applicability of various technical methods varies due to differences in hydrological characteristics and monitoring objectives across regions.These factors collectively affect the accuracy of monitoring results.Therefore,establishing a systematic and standardized framework for technology selection has become an urgent need to enhance the reliability of ecological flow monitoring.After comprehensively analyzing multidimensional influencing factors such as river morphology,hydrological conditions,basin's economic conditions,monitoring scenarios,frequency requirements,monitoring indicators,and precision requirements,an ecological flow monitoring technology evaluation system was developed.This system adopted a three-tier progressive technology selection process:"monitoring demand analysis,monitoring method matching,and monitoring equipment optimization".To validate the system's applicability,an ecological flow monitoring indicator management platform was developed.The platform integrated hydrographic spatial maps and long-term foundational data,featuring functions such as cross-section morphology assessment,river morphology assessment,river meandering coefficient analysis,hydrological condition analysis,and the basin's economic impact analysis.Based on databases including ecological flow monitoring parameter requirements,ecological flow monitoring method parameters,and monitoring equipment performance and operational condition parameters,the platform could match suitable monitoring methods and determine optimal monitoring equipment according to specific river conditions.The study selected the Chishui River basin for empirical application,achieving dynamic generation of river ecological flow monitoring plans.

Abstract:Small and medium-sized rivers bear multiple strategic missions such as national water security,rural revitalization,regional coordination,and sustainable development.There are 11,169 small and medium-sized rivers in China whose drainage area ranges from 200 to 3,000 square kilometers,with their total drainage area accounting for 61.4%of the country's total land area.There are 1,447 cities at the county level and above,a population of 494 million,410 million mu of cultivated land,and 300 million mu of prime farmland distributed along their banks.In recent years,against the backdrop of frequent extreme rainstorm events,the suddenness,abnormality,uncertainty,and disaster-causing nature of floods in small and medium-sized rivers have become more prominent.The death toll caused by such floods accounts for approximately 20%of the total fatalities caused by flood disasters nationwide,thereby making these floods a key and difficult point in current flood and drought disaster prevention.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of small and medium-sized rivers in 2025,including frequent extreme rainstorms,widespread spatial distribution of floods,the frequent occurrence of floods exceeding the design standard,as well as strong suddenness and disaster-causing nature.Meanwhile,it conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems and limitations in the current flood prevention of small and medium-sized rivers in terms of the engineering system,monitoring system,forecasting and early warning,engineering operation and management,and river channel management.In accordance with the concept of systematic governance of small and medium-sized rivers,targeted measures and suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of improving the engineering system for flood control of small and medium-sized rivers,rainfall and water regime monitoring and forecasting system,flood disaster prevention work system,as well as strengthening risk management and control and mechanism research.This study can provide a reference for flood prevention of small and medium-sized rivers in the new era.

Abstract:Against the backdrop of intensifying global warming,extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent,intense,and widespread.As a result,flash flood disasters in China have shown a trend of remarkable enhancement in suddenness,extremeness,and destructiveness,posing a severe threat to people's lives and property safety.Therefore,flash flood disasters have become the top priority,key challenge,focal concern,and critical focus in current flood and drought prevention efforts.Based on the review and analysis of 12 typical flash flood,debris flow,and landslide disasters across China in 2025,this study systematically analyzes the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of flash flood disasters in extreme weather conditions.Flash flood disasters currently exhibit such typical characteristics as northward and westward expansion,concentrated occurrence during the main flood seasons,a high occurrence at night,a high proportion of mobile and vulnerable groups in the affected population,and intensified cascading compound superposition effects.The core reasons are listed as follows.Firstly,the northward shift of rain belts,coupled with underlying surface conditions,drives the northward and westward expansion of the disasters.Secondly,the severity and frequency of extreme weather events exacerbate disaster-causing risks.Thirdly,rapid urbanization and development activities in mountainous areas result in prominent vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies.In view of the shortcomings in flash flood disaster prevention in extreme weather conditions,this paper proposes systematic prevention thoughts and countermeasures from four aspects:establishing a full-chain prevention system that integrates monitoring,forecasting,early warning,simulation,and emergency planning,improving the engineering system for the systematic governance of flash flood gullies in small watersheds,enhancing the building of the whole society's disaster prevention resilience,and deepening research on disaster mechanisms in the context of climate change.This study aims to provide a scientific reference for improving the ability of preventing flash flood disasters under new circumstances.

Abstract:In 2025,the Hanjiang River basin exhibited a hydrological pattern characterized by"initial extreme drought followed by abrupt transition to floods".From January to July,the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River experienced persistently below-average rainfall and water inflow,resulting in the most extreme low-flow conditions.After August 25,drought rapidly shifted to flood conditions,and the Hanjiang successively experienced seven numbered flood events in 2025,marking the most concentrated autumn flood season since 1961.Water authorities adhered to an integrated approach to drought and flood prevention and control,fully utilizing the integrated"space-air-ground-water-engineering"monitoring and perception system,the digital twin Yangtze River intelligent flood control and drought mitigation system,and the Hanjiang flood control"four pre"system.Guided by basin-wide coordination and systems thinking,and through coordinated operation of the Yangtze and Hanjiang rivers,joint and unified regulation of water projects was implemented with high precision at the level of"each unit of discharge,each cubic meter of storage,and each centimeter of water level".The flood control,drought relief,and disaster mitigation benefits of key reservoirs and water diversion projects,including the Three Gorges Reservoir,Danjiangkou Reservoir,and the Yangtze-to-Hanjiang Water Diversion Project,were fully realized.With close coordination among relevant provinces(municipalities),government departments,and enterprises,the most extreme low-flow event and the most concentrated autumn floods were effectively managed,ensuring flood control and water supply security.Following dam heightening,the Danjiangkou Reservoir reached its normal impoundment level of 170 m for the third time,marking a comprehensive victory in flood and drought disaster prevention in the Hanjiang River basin in 2025.

Abstract:This paper systematically reviewed the characteristics of flood and drought conditions in China in 2025,the practices of prevention and response efforts,and the existing shortcomings.A retrospective analysis indicates that flood and drought conditions in 2025 have exhibited characteristics such as localized extreme heavy rainfall,relatively severe flooding in northern regions,and significant seasonal and periodic drought patterns.Adhering to the principles of putting people first and prioritizing lives and by establishing a mindset that anticipates worst-case scenarios and extreme situations,water resources authorities have implemented six categories of prevention and response measures rigorously,practically,and meticulously from the earliest stage.These measures include improving the flood and drought disaster prevention and response system,strengthening preparedness and readiness,implementing systematic,scientific,safe,and precise regulation of water projects for flood control,carrying out scientific emergency response,strictly preventing flash flood risks,and implementing precise regulation of water projects for drought relief.As a result,major rivers remain calm,and no reservoir dams collapse nationwide for four consecutive years;no key embankments are breached,and urban and rural water supply is effectively secured.However,under the challenges posed by climate change,shortcomings and weaknesses persist in flood and drought disaster prevention,including insufficient monitoring,forecasting,and early warning capabilities for small watersheds in mountainous areas,heightened flood risks for small and medium-sized reservoirs,and inadequate capabilities for monitoring,forecasting,and early warning of medium-to long-term drought conditions.Adaptive strategies are proposed accordingly,including accelerating the improvement of the flood and drought disaster prevention and response system,developing systematic solutions for flood control,flood utilization,and flood re-creation,and continuously strengthening the foundational work of flood and drought disaster prevention.

Abstract:Investment and financing issues pose a critical bottleneck constraining water conservancy development.This paper systematically reviews the historical evolution of China's water conservancy investment and financing models,from early fiscal dominance to diversified and market-oriented explorations,revealing the inherent path dependency and current practical dilemmas.It conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational obstacles faced by various investment and financing instruments in the water sector and proposes a systematic reform path.The core lies in the following aspects:First,the selection of an investment and financing model for water conservancy projects must be based on a scientific assessment of key attributes,including their capacity to generate and structure cash flows,facilitate risk segmentation,and enable clear rights definition.This assessment forms a basis for accurately defining the government's role and functional boundaries.Second,the government's investment approach must undergo a strategic transformation from"direct funding"to"catalytic leverage",innovating in the use of fiscal funds through mechanisms such as performance-based subsidies to mobilize larger-scale private capital with limited public resources.Third,a lifecycle-based classified financing system should be established,matching differentiated financing models to various project types(such as purely public welfare,quasi-commercial,and commercial)and development stages(newly-built projects and existing assets).Finally,supporting reforms should be advanced concurrently in water pricing mechanisms,property rights systems for water assets,and green finance,thereby solidifying a solid foundation for a modern,efficient water investment and financing framework.

Abstract:The unbalanced water-sediment relationship is a major challenge in the governance of the Yellow River,and this systemic imbalance has led to continuous aggradation of the riverbed in the lower reaches and a steadily increasing flood risk.Systematically revealing the internal mechanisms underlying the unbalanced water-sediment relationship is a prerequisite for the scientific formulation of governance strategies.From three aspects including quantitative imbalance characterized by"less water and more sediment",spatial dislocation caused by"different sources of water and sediment",and temporal mismatch reflected in"inconsistent water-sediment processes",this paper systematically analyzes the manifestation characteristics and formation mechanisms of the unbalanced water-sediment relationship in the Yellow River.Based on historical experience in Yellow River management and contemporary governance practices,a system-oriented approach to integrated basin management is proposed.The core strategies include:continuously strengthening soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the middle reaches,taking soil and water conservation as the foundation for water and sediment regulation,controlling soil erosion at the source,and reducing sediment input to the Yellow River;optimizing and improving the joint water-sediment regulation system centered on main-stem water conservancy hubs,scientifically defining the water demand for sediment transport,and enhancing sediment regulation capacity;establishing a broad concept of water resources to alleviate constraints imposed by natural water scarcity and improve water-use efficiency;and strengthening the application of digital information technologies,promoting the development of the digital twin Yellow River,and enhancing the intelligent level of water-sediment regulation.This study aims to provide scientific support and decision-making references for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.

Abstract:The Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM)has been widely used in tunnel construction for water resources,transportation,and mining projects.Owing to its high degree of mechanization and digital integration,the TBM method ensures safer and more efficient construction than the conventional drill-and-blast method under suitable geological conditions,particularly in medium-hard rock.In recent years,water conveyance and hydraulic tunnel projects have tended to feature longer lengths,larger diameters,and greater burial depths,with increasingly stringent construction requirements,making TBM construction more preferable.Improvements in domestic TBM manufacturing have significantly enhanced overall performance,key component fabrication capabilities,and the level of intelligent operation,thereby improving adaptability to complex geological conditions.This paper systematically reviews the application progress and future directions of TBM technology in China's water projects,focusing on three aspects:first,summarizing practical experiences in representative projects,such as the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project and the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project,in addressing complex geological conditions,and outlining the development trajectory of TBM-based hydraulic tunnel construction;second,analyzing innovative breakthroughs in new equipment,new materials,and new technologies that enhance TBM adaptability,and identifying core technologies and persistent bottlenecks;third,exploring frontier applications of intelligent and digital technologies for enabling autonomous decision-making,self-sensing,and green construction,and highlighting the significance of big data and artificial intelligence in future water project development.The study aims to provide a systematic reference for the advancement and practical application of TBM technology in China's water projects,promoting continuous technological iteration and innovation across the sector.

Abstract:Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province is the birthplace of the concept that"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".In recent years,Huzhou has actively explored reforms and innovations in the mechanism for realizing the value of water ecological products.It has developed a comprehensive full-chain mechanism of"rights definition,accounting,assessment,trading,and reinvestment"and pioneered transformation path through multiple products,formats,and methods.Six relatively mature tradable water ecological products have been introduced,including the open sharing of water conservancy projects,water use rights for rural collective ponds and reservoirs,soil and water conservation ecological products,integrated tourism development along"happy rivers and lakes",ecological products from water conservancy scenic areas,and value enhancement of high-quality drinking water.These efforts have generated 86 successful cases,translating into 1.5 billion RMB and creating over 10,000 jobs,thus achieving a"four-in-one"synergy of economic,livelihood,social,and ecological benefits.A review of these cases reveals persistent challenges in advancing the reform,such as insufficient integrated planning,a lack of standards for rights clarification,accounting,and assessment,inadequate market competition,and weak long-term regulatory mechanisms.To address these,this study proposes countermeasures including reinforcing top-level design,accelerating institutional innovation,nurturing market development,and solidifying organizational safeguards.The study serves as a practical and replicable model to guide the nationwide advancement of water ecological product value realization.

Abstract:Since 2020,unified water resources regulation in the Xiliao River Basin has gradually increased the volume of scheduled releases and extended the perennial-flow reach of the main stem,leading to continuous ecological improvement.In 2025,the regulation window was exploited to optimize releases from upstream reservoirs,water transfer projects,and in-channel sluices,maximizing the ecological benefit of every cubic metre of water.For the first time,the Water Diversion Project from the Chuo'er River to the Xiliao River was integrated into the ecological flow regulation,delivering a milestone in transferring water from the Songhua River basin to the Liaohe River basin for ecological purposes.The main stem of the Xiliao River,dry for 27 years,achieved two complete connective flows in a single year,lasting 47 days in total.All 1287 km of the four regulated river reaches experienced overflow.Nevertheless,the Xiliao River still suffers from limited source-water guarantee,insufficient fine-control capacity of hydraulic structures,only partial improvement of river and lake morphology,and an inadequate perception ability of hydrological information in the river basin.These shortcomings leave a large gap to full ecological recovery.To meet the targets set in the Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting River Protection and Management,this paper proposed a next-step roadmap for ecological flow regulation of the Xiliao River:improving the capacity for allocating and ensuring water sources,refining multi-objective joint regulation of hydraulic projects,implementing comprehensive reach-scale rehabilitation,advancing the digital twin Xiliao River basin,and strengthening the institutional mechanism and technological innovation.These solid measures are expected to return flows to the Xiliao River and vitality to the basin.

Abstract:The 15th Five-Year Plan period represents a critical phase for promoting coordinated regional development,optimizing regional economic layout,and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development to build a Beautiful China.It also marks a critical stage for tackling key challenges in the Yellow River basin's green and low-carbon transformation.As the cradle of Chinese civilization and a strategic national energy and food security base,the Yellow River basin faces complex water-energy-food-ecosystem(WEFE)nexus relationships amid severe resource-environment constraints and green development pressures.This study employs a theoretical framework for WEFE nexus relationships to systematically identify synergistic and trade-off mechanisms among water,energy,food,and ecosystem subsystems through a comprehensive analysis of policy objectives across nine provinces(autonomous regions)in the basin.Results indicate that the policy objectives for water and ecosystem subsystems demonstrate predominantly positive relationships,reflecting policy harmony.The exploitation and utilization of coal resources are in obvious conflict with the protection of water resources and the governance of the ecological environment;renewable energy development generally facilitates system synergy.The sustainability index of the middle Yellow River region has shifted from steady to rapid growth after 2017,though Inner Mongolia faces dual constraints from agricultural irrigation and energy consumption(obstacle degree is 9.64%),while Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces show significant reductions in industrial chemical oxygen demand obstacle degrees.Targeting carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,the study advocates for coordinated advancement of the energy system's green transformation,efficient water resource allocation,sustainable food system development,and ecosystem protection and restoration to establish a synergistic and efficient basin governance paradigm.Policy recommendations encompass strengthening top-level design,innovating institutional mechanisms,enhancing policy support,and promoting scientific and technological innovation to accelerate high-quality,green,and low-carbon development in the Yellow River basin.

Abstract:Amid the accelerated advancement in the construction of Digital China and Smart Water Conservancy,water conservancy project management is facing profound demands for transformation.Traditional management models are increasingly inadequate for handling the complexity and variability in water conservancy construction projects,revealing limitations,such as inefficient information flow,pervasive data silos,and low resource allocation efficiency.Digital twin technology,with its exceptional capabilities in data integration,simulation,and intelligent analytics,has pioneered a novel pathway for the construction and management of water conservancy projects.This paper focuses on the innovative application of digital twin technology in the Water Diversion Project from the Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River.Addressing key challenges in construction management,a"1+1+N"smart management system covering the project life cycle has been systematically established,comprising a comprehensive monitoring and perception system,a digital twin platform,and N core intelligent applications.The platform facilitates the deep integration and collaborative application of comprehensive perception data,professional analytical models,and knowledge rules,effectively addressing severe challenges such as complex geology,coordination difficulties,and high safety risks during the construction of large-diameter,deep-buried,long tunnels.Engineering practice demonstrates that the system significantly enhances intelligent control over the construction process,enabling closed-loop management of progress,quality,safety,and investment.It results in a 30%improvement in construction cycle efficiency,a 15%reduction in project duration,and economic benefits equivalent to 10%～20%of the total project investment.This practice provides a replicable and scalable technical and management framework for the digital construction of future national water network projects.

Abstract:To support the full-channel flow of the main stream of the Xiliao River and achieve ecological environment recovery,research on digital twin Xiliao River construction and river channel flow evolution model has been carried out.The construction is guided by principles such as"demand-driven,application-first;top-level design,component-wise construction;maximizing existing resources,prioritizing urgent needs;standardized sharing,empowerment through digital intelligence;co-construction and sharing,hierarchical usage".This study designs the overall architecture of the digital twin Xiliao River,outlining two primary tasks:business system development and mathematical model development.The digital twin Xiliao River platform is built by following the implementation path of"enhancing monitoring and perception,strengthening data foundation,optimizing algorithm core,solidifying computing infrastructure,and upgrading intelligent water conservancy application systems".This effectively improves the scientific,precise,and efficient management of river basin governance.Closely aligned with the characteristics of the Xiliao River basin,a river channel flow evolution model is developed,updating physical parameters and boundary conditions based on the latest riverbed topographic survey data.The digital twin Xiliao River and its flow evolution model are successfully applied during the spring season and flood control period in 2025,enabling real-time analysis of headwater progression patterns,quantitative assessment of regulation processes,and dynamic tracking of headwater movement,providing robust technical support for achieving full-channel flow along the main stream.Through numerical simulation,key aspects of water resource regulation are thoroughly analyzed,offering a scientific basis for Xiliao River regulation operations.

Abstract:Focusing on the spatial characteristics of Hong Kong as a high-density coastal city,we systematically analyzed how flood risk has evolved under global climate change and identified the resulting governance challenges.Extreme rainfall events are becoming more frequent,elevating the intensity of the disaster occurrence.The city's steep hillside topography makes compound flooding easily appear.All these contribute to the systematic feature of the flood disasters in Hong Kong.Through iterative governance concepts and technological innovation practice,Hong Kong has established a resilient flood control and drainage system that integrates adaptation,response,and management.Spatial adaptability was achieved through systematic and forward-looking planning that explicitly accounts for natural conditions,human activities,and dynamic trends.Dynamic response was enhanced by sponge facilities and emergency protection measures that simultaneously deliver multiple water-related co-benefits.By leveraging multi-source perception,AI model-driven intelligent monitoring and early warning,as well as full-process collaborative management,the risk governance chain was improved.The practice shows that the system significantly improves urban resilience during extreme rainfall events,reduces disaster losses,and lowers the probability of system failure.The"Hong Kong experience"has contributed to the flood control efforts in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other high-density coastal cities worldwide.

Abstract:Anhui Province is located in the heart of the Yangtze River Delta,characterized by variable climate and dense rivers and lakes,making it a major water conservancy province prone to floods and droughts with a long history of water management.With multiple national strategies converging in Anhui,strong water security guarantees are essential for building the"three key areas and one zone"with significant influence and advancing the Chinese path to modernization in Anhui.This paper systematically summarized the achievements made in Anhui Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in areas such as flood and drought disaster prevention,water resource allocation,water conservation and intensive utilization,ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes,development of water conservancy science and technology and informatization,water conservancy governance and management,and reforms in key water conservancy sectors.It also analyzed the new challenges and tasks in water security,as well as existing issues,proposing an overall approach and key measures for formulating the water security plan during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.Guided by President Xi Jinping's water management philosophy,"prioritizing water conservation,achieving spatial balance,implementing systematic governance,and promoting joint efforts",as well as important discourse regarding water governance,this paper focused on driving high-quality development in water conservancy,with deepening reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force.Centered around four tasks,namely implementing comprehensive flood and drought governance,promoting water conservation and control across all areas,building a modernized water network,and creating happy rivers and lakes,it aims to establish and improve eight systems more suitable for Chinese modernization:flood and drought disaster prevention,water conservation policies,modernized water network projects,river and lake ecological protection and management,digital twin water conservancy,water conservancy science and technology innovation,institutional and legal frameworks,and the inheritance and promotion of water culture.This will further enhance four capabilities:flood and drought disaster prevention,water conservation and intensive utilization,optimized water resource allocation,and water ecological protection and management,providing a more solid foundation for advancing Anhui Province's journey toward modernization in the Chinese context.

Abstract:Dam safety monitoring serves as a core technological pillar ensuring the secure operation of water conservancy projects,with automation systems acting as the essential vehicle for achieving efficient and precise surveillance.As next-generation information technologies advance rapidly,automated dam safety monitoring technologies are accelerating their evolution toward the"smart dam"development objective.By reviewing the historical progression of automated safety monitoring technologies and integrating findings from six representative project investigations,this study examined the current gap between the core performance indicators of the automation system and the requirements for the construction of smart dams.Through a systematic technical framework analysis,it elaborated on the innovative connotations and upgrade paths of the five key technologies:intelligent perception collection,high-efficiency secure data transmission,premium-quality monitoring data assurance,intelligent early-warning model construction,and cloud service platform.The Baihetan Hydropower Station was taken as a case study,demonstrating practical achievements including rapid 5-minute comprehensive structural assessment of the mega dam,significantly enhanced maintenance efficiency,and digital twin-enabled decision-making support and validating both the feasibility and advancement of this technical architecture.These research outcomes have facilitated significant technological leaps in indigenous monitoring equipment development,optimized network configuration,integrated platform services,and intelligent data analytics,thereby providing robust technical foundations for transitioning dam safety monitoring from automated and digitalized operations to intelligent systems.

Abstract:The advancement of Chinese modernization cannot be realized without a reliable guarantee of water security.This study analyzed the development trend of water security guarantee in the new era from multiple perspectives,including population peak and structural changes,constraints of resources and environment,the development of new quality productive forces,market-oriented allocation of resources,escalating global trade tensions,and the impacts of climate change.Domestically,water security standards are undergoing iterative upgrades,while demands for flood control and water supply remain high.Internationally,intensifying global resource competition may exert greater pressure on the security of water supply.By focusing on strategic principles,development objectives,governance measures,and implementation approaches,the study outlined an integrated stategy for ensuring water security in advancing Chinese modernization.It recommended coordinating five key relationships:optimizing existing resources while enhancing new developments,expanding physical infrastructure investment while strengthening institutional capacity-building,maintaining comprehensive planning with prioritized implementation,integrating traditional development with innovation-driven approaches,and balancing immediate needs with long-term strategic vision.The research identified implementation pathways for China's water security during the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond through:enforcing rigid water resource constraints,accelerating modern water network construction,improving systematic governance of major rivers/lakes/reservoirs along with ecological conservation,deepening water sector reforms and innovation,and enhancing water security risk prevention.This study aims to provide a reference for strategically positioning water governance within the broader context of advancing Chinese modernization.

Abstract:The mainstream channel of the middle and lower Yangtze River traverses a wide alluvial plain.The riverbed undergoes acute scour and deposition,while the binary-structured riverbanks exhibit weak erosion resistance,leading to frequent bank collapses.This poses a serious threat to flood control,navigation,and nearshore infrastructure safety.Since the operation of the Three Gorges Project,the downstream river channel has experienced intensified scouring,with over 1000 locations reporting bank collapse risks in the past two decades.To stabilize the river regime,about 1500 km of revetments have been built,yet sustained high-intensity erosion and local river regime adjustment continue to compromise these structures.This paper adopts an integrated methodology combining field investigations,analysis of measured data,flume testing,theoretical analysis,and application demonstrations.It proposes a macro-level prevention and control strategy for bank collapses based on the three-tier strategy of"response,prevention,and regulation".By leveraging smart sensing and multi-source monitoring,the approach enables early identification and warning of bank collapse risks.The strategy focuses on proactive bank collapse risk prevention and optimization of the scale of remediation works,aiming to significantly reduce overall governance costs.It systematically reviews existing bank protection techniques,summarizing the applicability of typical revetment structure types.Focusing on emergency response to bank collapses,it optimizes the placement technique for tetrahedral-permeable frames and proposes an integrated emergency protection technique combining riprap and underwater non-dispersible concrete.For systematic control of bank collapses,this paper proposes an integrated management technique combining bank slope protection and flow regulation.Furthermore,by incorporating trends in river regime adjustment,preliminary management plans have been formulated for the Jingjiang River Reach and the Tongling River Reach.The research aims to enhance the effectiveness of bank collapse prevention and control,thereby ensuring the stability and ecological security of the middle and lower Yangtze River channel.

Abstract:The key tasks for building an intelligent digital twin of the national water network include,among others,enhancing the capacity for integrated water resources allocation and water supply security,so as to promote high-quality development of the water sector in the new stage.The water network allocation simulator serves as the core engine of the digital twin,providing comprehensive and accurate digital mapping and simulation of the physical water network.Based on the construction complexity and functional requirements of the National Water Network Allocation Simulator(NWNAS),a framework for its functions,data architecture,model design,and operation modes is proposed.A complete system integrating interface and business functions has been developed,incorporating specialized hydrological and water resources models such as runoff simulation,water resources assessment,optimization-based water allocation,water resources carrying capacity,and integrated water pricing calculation.Technical breakthroughs have been made in water demand forecasting and parallel computation for ultra-large-scale water networks.Long-term simulation applications covering 1965-2020 demonstrate that NWNAS can quantitatively evaluate the current operation status of the national water network and perform scenario analysis for future development planning.The research results effectively enhance spatio-temporal control over water network scheduling,including short-term allocation,seasonal management,long-term planning,inter-basin transfers,and national coordination,providing strong technical support for decision-making in national and basin-scale water network scheduling and management.

Abstract:Slope support is usually an important part to ensure engineering safety and normal operation.To further study the mechanism,influencing factors,and treatment measures for slope stability problems,this paper analyzes the characteristics and applicable conditions of different treatment measures for engineering slope problems.Taking the Centianhe irrigation project as a case study,it delves into slope problems,including landslides,rock mass fragmentation,cracking,severe weathering,discontinuous deformation,and high-fill erosion.Numerical simulations of a typical cross-section were employed to analyze the impact of excavation and rainfall on slope stability.According to the analysis of mechanical parameters and safety factors under different working conditions(including original state,excavation,excavation with backfilling,and excavation with rainfall),the strength parameters are modified by FLAC3D interpolation,and the strength reduction method is used to calculate the safety factor of excavated slopes.The research shows that in the natural state,the safety factor of the slope is 1.2;the excavation condition and excavation with backfilling condition have little impact on the slope;the excavation with rainfall condition has a significant impact,resulting in a maximum deformation displacement of 16.6 cm and reducing the safety factor to 1.01,which fails to meet the stability requirements.The research results indicate that rainfall is the main cause of landslides.After adopting anchor spray support measures,the safety factor under the most unfavorable condition of excavation combined with rainfall is increased to 1.15,meeting the requirements of the slope design specifications for water conservancy and hydropower projects.Furthermore,the study proposes slope stability treatment measures and optimization strategies,aiming to offer insights for addressing similar engineering challenges.