Abstract:Obesity and aging contribute to an elevated risk of oral cancer by modulating multiple immune mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment(TME).Macrophages,as a major component of the TME,serve as a pivotal factor in orchestrating the ecology of various inflammatory cells that constitute the tumor stroma,thereby playing a critical role in tumor growth and progression.Understanding the interactions among obesity,aging,oral cancer,oral microbiota,and anti-tumor immunity is critical to developing effective oral cancer prevention and treatment strategies.Obesity and aging affect tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),which play a role in anti-tumor immunity.Mechanisms such as angiogenesis,cytokine release,phagocytosis attenuation,and immune cell recruitment in obesity and aging suppress the TME through recruitment and repolarization of TAMs.By studying these mechanisms in depth,novel therapies for the control of OSCC can be developed through the fine management of the TME during obesity and aging.

Abstract:Objective To explore the current prevalence and related factors of periodontal disease among the elderly population in the Bansongyuan Sub-district community of Huangpu District,Shanghai,as well as their prevention strategies.Methods The clinical data of 460 elderly patients who underwent oral examination at Bansongyuan Community Hospital,Huangpu District,Shanghai from July 2021 to December 2022 were included.According to the incidence of periodontal disease,they were divided into the sick group(367 cases)and the healthy group(93 cases).The assessment was conducted based on 10 indicators such as demographics,comorbidities and basic conditions;The logistic method was used to analyze the related factors of periodontal disease in the elderly,establish a prediction model,and analyze the predictive value of the prediction model for periodontal disease in the elderly.Results Periodontal disease occurred in 367 of 460 elderly patients,the incidence rate was 79.78%(367/460).Logistic analysis revealed that the related factors of periodontal disease in the elderly were old age,long-term smoking,drinking,diabetes mellitus,lack of cognition of periodontal disease,no regular oral examination,education level below middle school(P＜0.05).Accordingly,the correlation factor model was established,Logit(P)=-10.638+old age×0.748+long-term smoking×0.694+drinking×0.784+diabetes×0.784+lack of awareness of periodontal disease×0.925+no regular oral examination×0.726+education level below middle school×0.686.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)for predicting periodontal disease in the elderly population was plotted according to the diagnostic probability Logit(P),when Logit(P)>12,the area under the curve(AUC)value was 0.891,95%CI was 0.858～0.918,the sensitivity was 77.38%,and the specificity was 83.87%.Conclusion The incidence of periodontal disease among the elderly population in the Bansongyuan Sub-district community of Huangpu District,Shanghai is relatively high,and it is related to the patients'age,smoking,drinking,diabetes,insufficient awareness of periodontal disease,regular oral examinations,educational level,etc.Based on this,the correlation factor model was constructed to predict the value of periodontal disease in the elderly population of Bansongyuan community in Shanghai Huangpu District.Clinical prevention strategies could be adopted to reduce the risk of periodontal disease.

Abstract:Objective To investigates the application of three-dimensional models in enhancing the theoretical instruction of dental anatomy.It evaluates student performance before and after the implementation of model-based teaching,compares the effectiveness of instruction with and without the use of three-dimensional models,and administers a satisfaction survey to assess student perceptions.Methods The participants of this study were 121 third-year undergraduate students majoring in stomatology at the Guanghua School of Stomatology,Class of 2020.They received instruction on the morphology of premolars and molars.The instructional session focusing on premolars was designated as the premolar group,while the session focusing on molars was designated as the molar group.The Grinding Teeth group completed a pre-class test and was provided with three-dimensional models of double-sized simulated extracted teeth.These models were utilized during the theoretical teaching sessions to enhance understanding.In contrast,the Premolar group did not use the enlarged tooth models during theoretical instruction.Instead,they incorporated in-class simulation exercises and assessed their accuracy through practice tests.Following the lecture,both groups participated in a post-class assessment focusing on tooth shape recognition,as well as a survey evaluating the perceived necessity and satisfaction regarding the use of three-dimensional models of double-sized simulated extracted teeth.Results The post class grades of the molars group were higher than the pre class grades[(97.11±12.16)points vs(81.82±31.46)points,P＜0.05].The post class scores of the molar group were higher than those of the premolar group[(97.11±12.16)points vs(92.98±16.21)points,P＜0.05].Among 121 students,120(99.17%)acknowledged the need for model-assisted teaching and agreed that models enhanced mastery of theoretical knowledge.Conclusion Double-sized 3D simulated extracted tooth models significantly enhance students'ability to recognize tooth morphology in dental anatomy education.

Abstract:The process of small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)-mediated protein modification,known as SUMOylation,represents a critical and dynamically reversible post-translational modification mechanism.This regulatory pathway participates in a wide range of biological processes,including cell cycle regulation,DNA replication and repair,gene transcription,nuclear transport,and signal transduction.SUMOylation extensively participates in multiple stages of skeletal development,including embryonic skeletal formation,postnatal bone growth,bone remodeling,and maturation.This modification system is deeply involved in the entire process of skeletal development:at the osteoblast level,it regulates differentiation programs and functional homeostasis,while also maintaining bone metabolic balance by modulating osteoclast generation and activity.Dysregulation of SUMOylation typically leads to osteogenic disorders and related diseases.This paper synthesizes current research progress on SUMOylation-mediated regulation of skeletal cells,offering novel perspectives for understanding skeletal development.It also opens new research directions and strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases,providing theoretical support for future clinical management of skeletal disorders.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalein on enamel demineralization induced by the synergistic action of carbonated beverages and Streptococcus mutans,and to provide a scientific basis and reference for the pharmacological treatment of early caries in patients with carbonated beverage-related enamel demineralization.Methods Sixty enamel blocks(4 mm×4 mm×2 mm)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20):control group(Con group),S.mutans group(S.mutans group),and S.mutans+baicalin group(S.mutans+Bai group).Measure and record the microhardness values SMH0 of the three groups of samples before demineralization.Prepare artificial demineralization models with carbonated beverages,measure and record the microhardness values SMH1 of the three groups of samples after demineralization.Randomly select two enamel blocks from each group for scanning electron microscopy to observe the surface morphology of the enamel and detect the demineralization results.The samples with successful demineralization were treated with normal saline in the Con group,with Streptococcus mutans solution in the S.mutans group,and with Streptococcus mutans solution and baicalin solution in the S.mutans+Bai group.The microhardness of the samples in the three groups was measured,and 5 samples were randomly selected from each group for scanning electron microscope observation.The enamel specimens were stained with fluorescence and observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.Results After treatment with carbonated beverages,scanning electron microscopy showed that the demineralized enamel surfaces were rough,the enamel column structures were dissolved and destroyed,and SMH1 was significantly lower than SMH0(P＜0.05).After different treatments,SMH2 in Con and S.mutans+Bai groups were significantly higher than that in S.mutans group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between Con and S.mutans+Bai groups(P＞0.05).Scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surfaces of S.mutans group were rough and uneven,with a large number of bacteria attached,and the enamel columns were broken,forming honeycomb-like depressions,holes and cracks.The pores on the enamel surface of S.mutans+Bai group became shallower or disappeared,and the bacterial attachment was less than that of S.mutans group.Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence staining of enamel abrasive sections.The S.mutans group had the most fluorescent dye deposition,a larger fluorescence area and higher intensity.S.mutans+Bai group had less fluorescent deposition,and the fluorescence area and intensity were lower than those of Con group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Carbonated beverages can cause tooth enamel demineralization,and Streptococcus mutans exacerbates carbonic acid-induced tooth enamel demineralization.Baicalin can slow down the demineralization of tooth enamel and the early progression of caries by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of Streptococcus mutans.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of biofunctional prosthetic system (BPS) in complete denture on both subjective and objective aspects.Methods:Forty patients with edentulous jaws who were admitted to our hospital from 2016 were randomly divided into two groups:one was treated with complete denture and the other was treated with BPS.Then the subjective satisfaction and oral and maxillary function were evaluated by questionnaire and Bio-PAK Ⅱ system.Results:Compared with the traditional denture group,the subjective satisfaction of the denture in the BPS group was significantly higher (P＜0.05),and the EMG symmetry of the bilateral masseter muscle and the temporal muscle in the intercuspal position after wearing denture are also better.Moreover,the graphs of the mandibular margin movement are obviously more smooth and stable (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The clinical application of BPS in complete dentures,more in line with the principle of biological function,can achieve better efficacy so that it has a good clinical application prospect.