Abstract:This experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding value of eight legume forages in the Qinghai-Xizang alpine region.Eight common legume forages from the Qinghai-Xizang alpine area were studied by determining their conventional nutrients,Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System(CNCPS)protein fractions,and in vitro fermentation parameters,select suitable varieties for cultivation in the Qinghai-Xizang alpine area.The results showed that the crude protein(CP)content of mung beans was significantly higher than that of other forages(P＜0.05).The neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content of forage peas was significantly lower than that of other forages(P＜0.05).Among the CNCPS protein fractions,the non-protein nitrogen(NPN)content of forage peas was significantly higher than that of other forages(P＜0.05).The content of intermediately degradable protein(PB2)was highest in mung beans,followed by forage peas.The pH value of forage peas was significantly lower than that of other forages(P＜0.05).The microbial protein(MCP)content was the highest in forage peas,followed by mung beans.The acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA),and total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentrations were the highest in forage peas,while the isovaleric acid(IVA)and valeric acid(VA)concentrations were the highest in black beans.The study shows that forage peas and mung beans have relatively high feeding value and can be recommended as primary legume forages in the Qinghai-Xizang alpine region.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a natural compound additive on the production performance,egg quality,and plasma hormones of laying hens during the late laying period.A total of 90 healthy Hy-Line white hens at 500 days of age with similar laying rate and body weight were randomly divided into six groups,with three replicates per group and five hens per replicate.The control group(group A)was fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg oyster shell powder.The experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg genistein+50 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder(group B),200 mg/kg genistein+50 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder(group C),200 mg/kg genistein+100 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder(group D),400 mg/kg genistein+50 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder(group E),and 400 mg/kg genistein+100 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder(group F).The pre-test period was one week,and the formal test period was eight weeks.The results showed that compared with group A,there was no significant difference in the hatching rate and average egg weight of the experimental groups(P＞0.05).During weeks five to eight,the laying rate of groups B and C was significantly increased(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in egg shape index,Haugh unit,and yolk color among the groups(P＞0.05).During weeks one to four,the yolk proportion in group B was significantly increased(P＜0.05).During weeks five to eight,eggshell strength in groups B and C and eggshell thickness in group B were significantly improved(P＜0.05).The follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)content in the plasma of groups B,C,D,and F was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the luteinizing hormone(LH)content in group C was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the progesterone(P4)content in groups B and C was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the estradiol(E2)content in groups C and D was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the levels of calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)in groups B and C were extremely increased(P＜0.01).The study shows that dietary supplementation with the natural compound additive can enhance plasma reproductive hormones,Ca,and P levels in laying hens during late laying period,thereby improving production performance and egg quality.Among them,the optimal supplementation doses are 50 mg/kg genistein+50 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder and 200 mg/kg genistein+50 mg/kg oregano essential oil+15 g/kg oyster shell powder.

Abstract:The intestine serves as a vital immune barrier organ in poultry.During the growth and development of poultry,diverse microorganisms colonize the gut and form complex communities.These microorganisms include both potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella,and beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacilli.Different microbial communities constrain each other,collectively maintaining a relatively stable intestinal microecology.This microecology plays a crucial role in preserving intestinal barrier integrity,regulating immune function,and resisting pathogen invasion.A deeper understanding of the colonization and succession patterns of intestinal microorganisms in poultry will aid in developing more targeted microecology regulation strategies.This article reviews the research progress on intestinal microbial colonization,microorganisms balance and dysbiosis,and their physiological functions,aiming to provide references for subsequent research on regulating poultry intestinal microorganisms,as well as for improving poultry intestinal microecology,enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity,and advancing healthy farming practices.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to screen high-quality silage maize varieties suitable for cultivation in Hexi Irrigation Area.Comparative experiments were conducted on agronomic traits,production performance,and nutritional quality of five introduced varieties,namely Fangyu 36,Haoyu No.2,Jiayu 538,Longdan No.10,and Longdan No.4,in Xincheng Town,Jiayuguan City,Gansu Province.The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design to measure the agronomic traits indexes such as plant height,stem diameter,and leaf area,production performance indexes including fresh grass yield and dry yield,and nutritional quality indexes such as crude protein and crude fiber content.On this basis,correlation analyses among these indexes were performed,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).The results showed that among the tested varieties,Longdan No.4 had the highest plants height(290.35 cm),fresh grass yield(78.16 t/hm2)and dry yield(20.79 t/hm2).Fangyu 36 had the highest crude protein content(9.57％),but the lowest yield.Correlation analysis revealed that dry yield was extremely positively correlated with plant height(P＜0.01),and extremely negatively correlated with crude protein content(P＜0.01).The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation indicated that Longdan No.4 achieved the highest score(0.705 081 72),outperforming the other varieties.The study shows that Longdan No.4 exhibits the best overall performance in Hexi Irrigation Area and can be promoted and applied as a locally recommended silage maize variety.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of adding acorns to the diet on the growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,and serum biochemical indices in broilers.A total of 192 fourteen-day-old Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight broilers per replicate.The control group(group A)was fed with a basic diet,while groups B,C,and D were respectively fed with diets supplemented with 3％,5％and 10％acorns,respectively.The pre-test period was seven days,and the formal test period was 21 days.The results showed that compared with group A,the final body weight(FBW)and average daily gain(ADG)were significantly reduced in group D(P＜0.05).The apparent metabolic ratios of crude ash(Ash)and phosphorus(P)were significantly decreased in groups B,C,and D(P＜0.05),while the apparent metabolic ratio of Ash in group B was significantly higher than that in group C(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences observed among groups for slaughter performance indices,immune organ indices,and tibia indices(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in meat quality and conventional nutrient composition of breast and thigh muscles among groups(P＞0.05).In the breast muscle,compared with group A,the concentrations of essential amino acids,bitter-taste amino acids,sour-taste amino acids,and total amount of amino acids were significantly increased in groups B,C,and D(P＜0.05),the non-essential amino acids content was significantly increased in groups B and D(P＜0.05),and the umami-taste amino acids content was significantly increased in group B(P＜0.05).In the thigh muscle,compared with group A,the content of essential amino acids and total amount of amino acids were significantly increased in group B(P＜0.05),and the umami-taste amino acids content was significantly increased in group C(P＜0.05).Compared with group A,the serum concentrations of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),and globulin(GLB)were significantly increased in groups B,C,and D(P＜0.05).The TP content in group D was significantly higher than that in group B(P＜0.05),and the GLB content was significantly higher than that in groups B and C(P＜0.05).The study shows that adding an appropriate proportion of acorns to the diet can increase the amino acid content in the pectoral and leg muscles of broilers and improve meat quality.Among them,an addition ratio of 3％is relatively appropriate.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of cottonseed enzymolyzed protein on rumen fermentation parameters,nutrient degradation rates,and microbial community in cows using an in vitro batch culture method.A total of three healthy Holstein cows with an average weight of(558±10)kg and lactation days of(136±37)days were selected as rumen fluid donors.Using a 0.5 g total mixed ration(TMR)as the fermentation substrate,0(control group),0.25％,0.50％,0.75％of cottonseed enzymolyzed protein were added respectively in the anaerobic fermentation bottles.At 2,4,6,8,12 and 24 hours of fermentation,the fermentation broth was collected to determine the fermentation parameters.At 24 hours,the fermentation residue and the fermentation broth were collected to determine the degradation rate of nutrients and the microbial flora.The results showed that the addition of cottonseed enzymolyzed protein had no significant effect on rumen pH value and volatile fatty acid(VFA)composition(P＞0.05).The ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)content in the groups 0.50％and 0.75％was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12 and 24 hours of fermentation(P＜0.05),and the microbial protein(MCP)content in the group 0.50％was significantly higher than that in the control group at 12 and 24 hours of fermentation(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the degradation rates of various nutrients among the treatment groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and Succinivibrio in the group 0.50％was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The study indicates that adding 0.50％cottonseed enzymolyzed protein can optimize nitrogen metabolism efficiency,promote rumen MCP synthesis,and improve microbial community structure.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to determine the in vitro degradation rates of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and dry matter(DM)in different forage grasses and estimate their energy values.Using 13 species of forage from Etuoke Banner and Wushen Banner in Ordos City,Inner Mongolia as samples,the NDF degradation rate(NDFD),DM degradation rate(DMD),and energy value were measured and compared at 24,30,and 48 hours.The results showed that in July,compared with fermentation for 24 hours,the DMD of Artemisia scoparia fermented for 30 hours was significantly increased(P＜0.05),reaching 74.97％,after fermentation 48 hours,the DMD reached 78.43％.In June,compared with fermentation for 24 hours,the DMD of Carex duriuscula after 30 hours of fermentation was significantly increased(P＜0.05),reaching 79.71％,after fermentation 48 hours,the DMD reached 82.26％.The NDFD of Artemisia scoparia fermented for 30 hours was significantly increased(P＜0.05),reaching 49.26％,the highest rate was 51.53％after fermentation 48 hours.The NDFD of 30 hours fermented Carex duriuscula was significantly increased(P＜0.05),reaching 59.06％,At 48 hours,the highest was 63.38％.The production level of digestible energy(DE1X),production level of metabolic energy(MEp),maintenance net energy(NEM),and weight gain net energy(NEG)of Artemisia scoparia after 30 and 48 hours of fermentation were significantly increased(P＜0.05).In July,compared with fermentation for 24 hours,the DE1X,MEp,NEM,and NEG of Artemisia desertorum were significantly increased after fermentation for 30 and 48 hours(P＜0.05).The study shows that Artemisia scoparia has high levels of NDFD,DMD,DE1X,MEp,NEM,and NEG,making it a high-quality forage.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effect of pterostilbene(PTE)on laying hens challenged with Salmonella pullorum(SP).A total of 1 000 healthy 429-day-old Hy-Line white laying hens were randomly divided into four groups,with ten replicates per group and 25 hens per replicate.The control group(group CON)was gavaged with physiological saline and fed the basal diet.The SP-challenged group(group SP)was gavaged with 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL SP bacterial suspension and fed the basal diet.Group PTE was gavaged with physiological saline and fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg PTE(purity≥99％).SP-challenged+PTE group(group SP+PTE)was gavaged with the SP suspension and fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg PTE.Gavage treatments were administered on days 1,8,15,and 22,with a pre-test period of seven days and a formal test period of 30 days.The results showed that the average egg weight in the group PTE was significantly higher than that in the CON group(P＜0.05),and the feed-to-egg ratio was significantly lower than that in the group CON(P＜0.05).The feed-to-egg ratio in the group SP was significantly higher than that in the group CON(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the feed-to-egg ratio between the group SP+PTE and the group CON(P＞0.05).On days 20 and 30,the eggshell thickness in group SP+PTE was significantly higher than that in group SP(P＜0.05).Serum activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT)were significantly higher in group SP than in group CON(P＜0.05),while these indices were significantly lower in group SP+PTE than in group SP(P＜0.05).Serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity were significantly lower in group SP than in group CON(P＜0.05),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly higher than in group CON(P＜0.05).Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and T-AOC were significantly higher in group SP+PTE than in group SP(P＜0.05).Histopathological examination indicated that the inflammation of the uterine segment of the oviduc in the group SP+PTE was significantly reduced compared to the group SP.The study shows that dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg PTE effectively alleviated the decline in production performance,deterioration in egg quality,and tissue damage in SP-challenged laying hens by enhancing antioxidant capacity and protecting liver function.

Abstract:The absorption and utilization of amino acids in animals is a complex dynamic process,the efficiency of which varies depending on animal species and differences in digestive system structure.In ruminants,amino acids are susceptible to rumen microbial degradation,thereby affecting their utilization efficiency in the small intestine.In monogastric animals,the asynchrony of amino acid release may result in some amino acids being excreted without being fully utilized.In aquatic animals,the solubility and stability of amino acids in water constrain their metabolic characteristics.The technology of sustained-release amino acids in feed regulates the release pattern of amino acids,which can improve animal growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.This review summarizes the characteristics of amino acids absorption and utilization in digestive systems of different animal species,the processing technologies for sustained-release amino acids,and the application effects of this technology in the production of monogastric animals,ruminants,and aquatic animals.Special emphasis is placed on its impacts on feed utilization efficiency,production performance,and product quality.It aims to provide reference for the rational application of sustained-release amino acid technology in animal production.

Abstract:Under the background of a low-carbon economy,accelerating the green transformation of the livestock industry supply chain is an inevitable requirement for adapting to the green and coordinated development of the economy and society.It is also a key pathway to promote the optimization and upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure,as well as an essential way to achieve a win-win situation for both ecological and industrial benefits.With policy and financial support,Chinese livestock industry has achieved remarkable results in large-scale green development,and new models for low-carbon development continue to emerge.In the future,efforts should focus on the following four aspects:Strengthening the top-level design for the green transformation of the livestock industry supply chain,consolidating the industrial foundation for low-carbon development of the livestock industry supply chain,stimulating the endogenous motivation of the livestock industry supply chain participants to pursue green transformation,and enhancing the development of a high-quality green talent team.These measures will systematically advance the green transformation of the livestock industry supply chain.

Abstract:Lemongrass and its extracts have gradually become a research hotspot for replacing antibiotics,improving animal health and production performance due to their rich nutrition and biological activity.Appropriate supplementation with lemongrass or its extracts can effectively improve animal growth performance,enhance antioxidant capacity,reduce the risk of infection by certain pathogens,improve the quality of animal products,and decrease methane emissions from ruminants.However,the efficacy of lemongrass or its extracts is influenced by various factors such as dosage,formulation,animal species,physiological stage,and rearing environment,demonstrating a complex dose-response relationship and species specificity.Future research should further focus on the standardization of lemongrass extracts,their greenhouse gas emission reduction effects,synergistic interactions with other plants or feed ingredients,economic benefit analysis,environmental impact assessment of lemongrass cultivation,and the lifecycle of lemongrass in feed production.This article reviews the application of lemongrass and its extracts in the healthy production of poultry,ruminants,aquatic animals,and specialty economic animals,providing a reference for the application of lemongrass as a safe,efficient,and green natural feed additive in modern healthy breeding systems.

Abstract:Feed probiotics hold significant application value in improving animal intestinal health,enhancing immunity,and increasing production performance.However,probiotics are susceptible to inactivation during the thermal-humid processing of feed,long-term storage,and passage through the animal digestive tract,leading to a significant decline in viable counts and compromised functionality.This has become a key technical issue limiting their large-scale application.Microencapsulation granulation technology is a coating method that encapsulates core materials within a polymeric wall material to form micron-scale core-shell structures,which can effectively enhance the processing stability and bioavailability of probiotics.This article reviews the research progress in microencapsulation granulation technology for probiotics,focusing on the types of wall materials,granulation processes,and novel biofilm-state probiotics.It analyzes the protective effects of different wall materials and processes on probiotics under thermal-humid processing and gastrointestinal stress,summarizes the application outcomes of this technology in animal production,and provides references for promotion of feed probiotics in the field of antibiotic replacement in feed.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the nutritional value of Uroteuthis chinensis.Following national standard,the conventional nutritional components,amino acid composition,fatty acid composition,and mineral element content were determined and analyzed in seven of its tissues,including head,funnel,wrist,mantle,reproductive gland,liver,and ink sac.The results showed that the moisture,crude protein,crude fat,and crude ash concentrations in these seven tissues ranged from 8.19％to 80.64％,54.46％to 80.96％,5.56％to 21.33％,and 8.08％to 12.86％,respectively.A total of 16 amino acids were detected across all tissues.Glutamic was the most abundant in tissues other than the ink sac.The concentrations of essential amino acids(EAA)and delicious amino acids(DAA)ranged from 7.46％to 27.08％and 8.10％to 29.14％,respectively.Fatty acid analysis identified 18 types,with the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content ranging from 24.93％to 53.08％.The combined content of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)ranged from 17.54％to 40.73％,with the higher levels found in the head and the lowest in the liver.The mineral element content in the seven tissues were rich,with calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)concentrations in ink sacs being prominent,reaching 3 352.21 mg/kg and 1 520.62 mg/kg,respectively.The study shows that Uroteuthis chinensis is an aquatic economic species characterized by high protein content,low fat content,high nutritional value,and excellent flavor,demonstrating considerable potential for comprehensive development.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to screen a strain with high cellulose degradation ability and good safety,and optimize its fermentation process.Strains were screened based on the diameter of cellulose hydrolysis zones,filter paper enzyme(FPase)activity,and carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase)activity.Solid-state fermentation for cellulase production was conducted using corn straw as the main substrate,and the enzyme production conditions were optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that after molecular identification,the candidate strain H8 was Aspergillus niger.Under fermentation at 30 ℃,the FPase activity of Aspergillus nigerH8 peaked on the 5th day(15.20 U/g),while CMCase activity peaked on the 6th day(15.90 U/g).The optimal solid-state fermentation conditions for cellulase production were determined as follows:Corn straw to wheat bran ratio of 4:1,ammonium sulfate addition of 0.25％,inoculum size of 4％,moisture content of 67％,initial pH value of 8,and fermentation at 31 ℃ for 3 days.Under these conditions,the FPase and CMCase activities produced by Aspergillus niger H8 reached 35.78 U/g and 50.99 U/g,which were 135.39％and 220.69％higher than those under the initial fermentation conditions.The study shows that the strain of Aspergillus niger H8 isolated from soil has high cellulase activity and has a degrading effect on corn straw.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid on the growth performance,serum biochemical indices,and slaughter performance of weaned Tan × Hu F1 crossbred lambs.A total of 60 healthy weaned male Tan × Hu F1 crossbred lambs with an initial body weight of(29.35±3.39)kg were randomly divided into four groups with 15 replicates per group and one lamb per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,while experimental groups 1,2,and 3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0,2.0,and 3.0 g/d guanidinoacetic acid per lamb,respectively.The pre-test period was seven days,and the formal test period was 60 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in final weight,average daily feed intake,average daily gain,and nutrient apparent digestibility of the experimental groups(P＞0.05).The concentrations of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),and globulin(GLB)in the serum of experimental groups were increased,and serum urea nitrogen(BUN)content was decreased.Total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity in serum were significantly increased in experimental groups 1 and 2(P＜0.05).The total fat thickness(GR value)in experimental group 3 was increased,and the shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly decreased in experimental groups 2 and 3(P＜0.05).The study shows that dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid can promote protein metabolism,enhance antioxidant capacity,and improve the meat quality of Tan × Hu F1 crossbred lambs.The recommended supplemental level is 2.0～3.0 g/d guanidinoacetic acid per lamb.

Abstract:This study aimed to explore the mechanism of antibacterial action of Schisandra chinensis water extract(SCE)against Bacillus cereus.The effects of SCE on bacterial growth,spore germination,biofilm formation,cell membrane integrity,bacterial morphology,nucleic acid and protein leakage,and protein synthesis were systematically evaluated.The active antibacterial components were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of SCE against Bacillus cereus were 1.95 g/L and 15.63 g/L,respectively.SCE at MIC and 2 MIC concentrations completely inhibited bacterial growth within 24 h by disrupting the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane.The inhibition rates of biofilm formation were 45.94％and 63.92％,and spore germination rates decreased to 72％and 27％,respectively.SCE induced the efflux of proteins and nucleic acids,with alkaline phosphatase(AKP)activity increasing by 2.2-fold and 2.5-fold at MIC and 2 MIC treatments,respectively,while respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity decreased by 90％and 92％.UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified nine main antibacterial components in SCE:β-chamigrenic acid,migocin J,crotonyl gomisin H,gomisin KI,gomisin LI,γ-schisandrin A,schisandrin B,plaunol,and merulinic acid A.The study shows that SCE inhibits Bacillus cereus through multiple mechanisms,including disruption of cell structure,inhibition of biofilm formation and spore germination,interference with energy metabolism,and induction of intracellular substance leakage.These findings provide a reference for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in aquatic animals and for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicines in aquatic feed.

Abstract:The agglomeration of the feed processing industry serves as a crucial pillar for the industry's modern development and holds significant importance for advancing Chinese modernization.From the perspective of Chinese modernization,the agglomeration of the feed processing industry demonstrates considerable value by promoting green development within the feed industry chain,facilitating circular development in the animal husbandry industry,and enhancing the stability of the agricultural product market economy.In terms of its inherent logic,the agglomeration of the feed processing industry helps strengthen resource integration across the industrial chain,drives the industry toward scale development,and accelerates the brand building of feed products.Therefore,this paper proposes the suggestion of providing new safeguards through 'industrial talent' and opening new pathways via 'digital transformation',aiming to offer references for the steady advancement of Chinese agglomeration of the feed processing industry.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the physiological responses and salt-alkali tolerance of forage oat during the milky stage to salt-alkali stress.Seven cultivars were systematically evaluated using growth,photosynthetic,ion homeostasis,physiological resistance,and quality indicators.The results showed that saline-alkali tolerance significantly inhibited plant height,leaf area,biomass accumulation,and photosynthetic performance of some varieties.Among them,the comprehensive salt-tolerance and alkalinity resistance of Mu Wang was relatively good.The plant height decreased by only 9.18％,the salt-alkali tolerance index of leaf area was 92.12％,the salt-alkali tolerance index of chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)was 80.89％,the nitrogen metabolism ability of the entire plant was relatively high,and the sodium ion(Na+)content in the leaf was low.The comprehensive score was the highest(0.687).Principal component analysis identified photosynthetic stability,ion compartmentalization,and nitrogen metabolism efficiency as the core physiological determinants of saline-alkali tolerance,with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.210％from the four principal components.The comprehensive evaluation of saline-alkali tolerance was ranked as follows:Mu Wang＞Baiyan No.15＞Bayou No.18＞Baiyan No.7＞Baiyan No.2＞V8＞Bayan No.6.This study shows that Mu Wang has outstanding saline-alkali tolerance and excellent agronomic traits,making it a high-yield and high-quality oat variety suitable for planting in saline-alkali land.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of water extract from different tree leaves on the germination of winter wheat seeds.Using leaves of ginkgo tree,lilac trees,persimmon trees,mulberry trees,cherry trees,apricot trees,walnut trees,and willow trees as donor materials,water extracts were prepared at mass concentration gradients of 0(CK),3.1,6.2,12.5,and 25.0 g/L,respectively.Using the winter wheat seeds of Longyu NO.12 and Longyu NO.13 as receptors,the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,embryonic root length,and embryonic length were measured,and the allelopathic effects of leaf water extracts from eight different trees on winter wheat germination were evaluated.The results showed that the water extract of apricot tree leaves had the strongest inhibitory effect on seed germination.The germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of Longyu NO.12 were lower than those of CK treatment.The germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of Longyu NO.13 were lower than those of CK treatment.The water extract of ginkgo tree leaves had the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of embryos and embryonic roots.On the 7th day of germination,the embryo and embryonic root lengths of Longyu NO.12 were 15.33 cm and 12.76 cm lower than those of CK treatment,respectively.The embryo and embryonic root lengths of Longyu NO.13 were 14.63 cm and 10.67 cm lower than those of CK treatment.The combined allelopathic effect of the 25.0 g/L water extract of ginkgo leaves on Longyu NO.12 and Longyu NO.13 was-0.72 and-0.75 respectively,indicating a strong inhibitory effect.The study shows that eight tree leaves have allelopathic effects on the germination of winter wheat seeds.Among them,the water extract of ginkgo tree leaves mainly inhibits the growth of winter wheat seedlings,while the water extract of apricot leaves mainly inhibits the germination of winter wheat seeds.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to compare the differences between Luchuan pigs and their hybrid offspring Dulu pigs(Duroc ♂ × Luchuan♀),in terms of growth performance,meat quality,and muscle nutritional composition.Sixteen healthy Luchuan pigs(group LC)and sixteen Dulu pigs(group DL)at 90 days of age(half male and half female)were selected.Their body weight and body measurement indexes were determined at 90,150,210 and 270 days of age.The longissimus dorsi muscle was collected to determine meat quality traits,amino acid content,and fatty acid content.The trial lasted for 180 days.The results showed that body weight at 150,210 and 270 days of age,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of group DL were significantly higher than in group LC(P＜0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than in group LC(P＜0.05).At 210 and 270 days of age,all body measurement indexes of group DL were significantly higher than in group LC(P＜0.05).Muscle pH24h value and drip loss of group DL were significantly lower than in group LC(P＜0.05),while inosine acid content,loin eye area,and protein content were significantly higher than in group LC(P＜0.05).The contentrations of glutamic acid,threonine,aspartic acid,valine,glycine,isoleucine,and histidine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of group DL were significantly higher than in group LC(P＜0.05).The total fatty acid content of group DL was significantly lower than in group LC(P＜0.05).The study shows that through crossbreeding improvement,Dulu pigs exhibit significant advantages in growth performance,meat production performance,and meat nutritional composition,achieving more efficient nutrient utilization and higher-quality meat output,which better aligns with current nutrition-oriented consumer demands.