Abstract:A variety of new materials and structures with specific physical and chemical properties can be designed and manufactured by laser micro and nanoprocessing at the micro and nano scale.It is widely used in communication,electronics,optics,biomedicine,energy and other fields,and is an important part of advanced manufacturing.Many kinds of glass materials with good transparency are widely used in opti-cal components,sensors,electronic equipment and other fields.Since the discovery of nanogratings exis-ted in silica glass in 2003,they have attracted great attention.The nanogratings induced in transparent glass have birefringent properties,thermal stability,periodicity,continuability,optical delay,optical axis controllability and rewritability,which have important applications in the fields of microoptical compo-nents,microfluidic channels and optical storage.In this paper,the research status,formation mechanism and application of nanogratings induced by femtosecond laser in glass are reviewed,and the future develop-ment trend and challenges are prospected.

Abstract:The problem of global asymptotic stabilization is investigated for a class of strict-feedforward nonlinear systems where the integrator,nonlinear function,and input all containing time delays.To address this issue,a novel parameter-dependent state feedback controller is designed to ensure that the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable.Initially,a parameter-incor-porated coordinate transformation is introduced to the considered time-delay system,and an appropriate Lyapunov function is constructed.Subsequently,by employing stability criteria for time-delay systems,a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is provided to prove the global asymptotic stability of the time-de-lay system.Finally,simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the parameter-de-pendent state feedback controller.

Abstract:In converged optical-wireless access networks,optical wavelengths are responsible for carrying wireless data,and their transmission rate in turn affects the allocation of computing and optical bandwidth resources.However,the independent scheduling for the optical and wireless network sides tends to be in-flexible,resulting in inefficient cooperation and utilization of optical and wireless resources.In this paper,we investigate the end-to-end(E2E)optical-wireless network slicing mapping problem in converged opti-cal-wireless access networks.To combine user requirements in the wireless side and radio access network(RAN)slicing scheduling in the optical side,we formulate an E2E network slicing mapping model and pro-pose a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)method.To enhance the decision-making process of DRL a-gent,a slicing request decomposition scheme is proposed,in which each slicing request is divided into two sub-requests.We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through simulations on large-scale 33-node networks.The results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed DRL over the heuristic algo-rithm,achieving an 34.4％reduction in large-scale networks.

Abstract:Nonlinear damping vibration system is an important type of nonlinear system,widely appearing in control systems,circuit systems,mechanical systems and other engineering disciplines in nonlinear dy-namic systems.The existence of periodic solutions has a significant impact on the stability and control de-sign of the system.In this paper,the second-order nonlinear damping vibration system with periodic po-tential in N dimensional state space is studied.Firstly,the minimax principle is used to obtain that the nonlinear damping system has at least N+1 geometrically distinct periodic solutions.Then,when the pe-riodic solutions of the system are all non degenerate,the Morse theory is used to analyze the topological structure of the system and infer that the number of geometrically distinct periodic solutions is at least 2N.

Abstract:In conventional electrolytes,due to the high value of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the main solvent cyclic carbonate,cyclic carbonate is constantly oxidized and decomposed when the char-ging voltage reaches 4.3 V or even higher,and the instability of the electrolyte at high voltages leads to a sudden decrease in the battery capacity.Therefore,the development of high-voltage resistant electrolyte is urgent.In this work,lithium difluoro-oxalate borate(LiODFB)was used to replace part of lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF6),and the anode film-forming additive tris(trimethylsilyl)borate(TMSB)was added at the same time,to inhibit the decomposition of the solvent through the synergistic effect of LiODFB and TMSB,and to form a cathode electrolyte interface film containing B—O,Si—O and an ap-propriate amount of LiF,to stabilize the structure of the cathode material,and to improve the stability of the electrolyte in the oxidation of 4.6 V.Based on the above,the designed electrolyte formulation:0.5 mol/L LiPF6+0.5 mol/L LiODFB+FEC∶EMC(1∶3)+TMSB(weight percent 5％)was used.Ap-plied to Li/LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cell,the electrolyte-matched cell also has a discharge specific capacity of 131.4 mA·h·g-1 and a capacity retention of 70.3％after cycling 500 cycles at a current density of 1 C at 4.6 V.

Abstract:The utilization of Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)technology in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)Free Space Optical(FSO)communication systems introduces inter-symbol interference and sig-nal distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence effects,necessitating the optimization of equalization algo-rithms to ensure communication system reliability.By incorporating a decision feedback structure into the Constant Modulus Algorithm(CMA),the equalizer exhibits enhanced resistance against ISI.Based on ob-served variations in the error vector function of the CMA equalizer,a variable step size decision feedback structured blind equalization optimization algorithm is designed by following an Exponentiated Weibull(EW)distribution model for determining the step size coefficient.Simulation results demonstrate that in-creasing the number of receiving antennas compared to transmitting antennas yields higher gains in Bit Er-ror Rate(BER)and Error Vector Magnitude(EVM),along with improved phase noise recovery.Under FTN acceleration parameter of 0.9 and moderate turbulence conditions,employing a 2×4 antenna configu-ration with the proposed algorithm enhances BER performance by 36.39%and EVM performance by 4.96%.By controlling the acceleration parameter within a certain range,effective recovery of FTN ISI is a-chieved using the proposed algorithm.Compared to fixed step size algorithms,although exhibiting in-creased computational complexity,our proposed algorithm demonstrates improved BER and EVM per-formance.Moreover,it demonstrates superior convergence capabilities for equalizers.

Abstract:Belief reliability theory has proven to be an effective tool for analyzing the reliability of systems with small sample data.This paper investigates uncertain pendulum systems and introduces two belief reliability metrics:belief reliability function and belief reliability lifetime.Two models are studied:the logarithmic utility uncertain time-varying pendulum model and the linear time-shift uncertain time-varying pendulum model.Firstly,based on the logarithmic utility function,the logarithmic utility uncertain time-varying pendulum model is constructed,and an analytical expression for its belief reliability function is derived.The computational formulas and numerical algorithms for the belief reliability lifetime are also provided.Second,the noise in the pendulum system is modeled as linear time-shift noise,and the linear time-shift uncertain time-varying pendulum model is proposed.The computational formula for its certainty reliability function is derived,and a numerical solution method is introduced.Numerical examples demon-strate that these two certainty reliability metrics effectively measure the reliability of uncertain pendulum systems.This study provides new theoretical foundations and computational tools for reliability analysis of uncertain systems with small sample data.

Abstract:To illustrate the effect of propolis on liver function indexes and hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration,C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham group,model group,and ethanol extracts of propolis(EEP)treatment group.Both sham and model group were given pure wa-ter,while EEP group received propolis-tragacanth solution for 10 days.And then the liver regeneration model was established by partial hepatectomy(PHx).After successful modeling by PHx,the mice were sacrificed the 4th day and the liver was collected to measure the changes in size and the liver regeneration rate of each group.HE staining were used to evaluate the histomorphologic changes;serum alanine amin-otransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were measured to evaluate the changes in liver function;immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of proliferating cell nuclear Ki67;quantitative real-time PCR were used to measure the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and cell cycle related genes.The results showed that the liver-to-body weight ratio and liver regeneration rate of mice in the EEP-treated group were significantly higher than those in the model group,while serum ALT and AST activities were reduced to the levels observed in the sham-operated group.The level of Ki67 in the liver of the EEP-treated group was significantly higher than that of the model group and the sham-operated group.EEP treatment significantly upregulated the gene transcription of pro-inflammatory fac-tors Il-6 and Tn f-α and markedly promoted the expression levels of cell proliferation marker gene Pcna and cell cycle-related genes Cdk1,Cdc25,Ccnd1,and Ccne1.The study suggests that propolis can pro-mote liver regeneration and the recovery of liver function by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins,making it a potential natural bee product for en-hancing liver regeneration.

Abstract:Bisindolylmethanes could regulate plant growth and prevent or cure cancers.At present,there are some related studies on the preparation of symmetrical bisindolylmethanes,however,the synthesis of unsymmetrical bisindolylmethanes is limited by many factors and the corresponding biological activities are still unknown.Sulfonyl indoles can form indolenine intermediate and indoleninium ion quickly and effec-tively under alkaline and acidic conditions,and become starting materials with wide application prospects.Therefore,the progress on developing or utilizing sulfonyl indoles and preparing or applying bisindolyl-methanes are worth summarizing.Besides,the toxicity of five compounds on cervical cancer HeLa cells was measured and compared with the commonly used drug cisplatin.The results showed that unsymmetri-cal bisindolylmethanes could be used as a good anticancer reagent,and the type of substituent could affect its anti-cervical cancer activity.The conclusion will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of bisindolylmethanes and a technical reference for the structural design of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

Abstract:Fungal diseases pose a serious threat to global food security,and their control has become a core challenge for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.As a novel plant immunity inducer,algi-nate oligosaccharides(AOS)have attracted significant attention due to their unique bioactive properties.To investigate the effects of AOS on wheat disease resistance and growth,the efficacy of AOS solutions in inducing resistance against wheat sheath blight and promoting plant growth was systematically evaluated at five concentration gradients of 0.05％,0.1％,0.2％,0.3％,and 0.5％.The results demonstrated that the 0.2％AOS treatment exhibited the optimal disease resistance-inducing effect.This treatment signifi-cantly increased soluble protein content and simultaneously activated the activity of key defense enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),and catalase(CAT),confirming that AOS enhances plant immunity by systemati-cally inducing defense responses.Furthermore,the 0.2％AOS treatment also showed the best growth-promoting effect,improving stress resistance by regulating the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline.These findings provide an important theoretical foundation for the practical application of AOS as both a plant growth regulator and a disease resistance inducer.

Abstract:As the number of civilian vehicles in China shows a remarkable growth trend,traffic manage-ment is facing unprecedented challenges.Against this backdrop,the development of intelligent transporta-tion systems(ITS)is extremely urgent.As a core and crucial technology of ITS,vehicle type detection plays a pivotal role in the field of traffic management.However,the existing vehicle type detection systems have obvious drawbacks such as high resource consumption and exorbitant costs,which greatly limit their wide-spread promotion and application.In response to this situation,this paper carefully constructs the TenCar dataset containing 10 common types of vehicles and proposes a low-cost vehicle type detection sys-tem based on the Raspberry Pi and the YOLOv4-tiny algorithm.Through practical verification,the YOLOv4-tiny model has achieved an accuracy rate of 85.65％and a recall rate of 99.9％on the TenCar dataset.This system skillfully utilizes image recognition technology and streamlined hardware facilities to efficiently and automatically detect the vehicle types when vehicles enter or exit a venue.This feature greatly simplifies the process of vehicle search,making management work more convenient and efficient.Moreover,the system has good popularization potential and is easy to be promoted and applied in places such as companies and residential communities.

Abstract:With the rapid advancement of wearable technologies,flexible,lightweight,and high-perform-ance sensing and energy materials have emerged as a research focus.Carbon nanotube(CNT)paper,a self-supporting functional film with a porous network structure,exhibits remarkable application potential in wearable devices owing to its high specific surface area,exceptional electrical/thermal conductivity,fa-vorable mechanical compatibility,and resin affinity.This review systematically summarizes the fabrication techniques and performance optimization strategies of CNT paper-based composites,along with their inno-vative applications in wearable systems.Special emphasis is placed on their cutting-edge designs in flexible sensors,actuators,and miniaturized energy devices(e.g.,flexible batteries,supercapacitors,and tribo-electric nanogenerators).Leveraging their unique advantages,CNT paper-based composites are accelera-ting the transition of wearable technologies toward high-performance,multifunctional,and practical solu-tions.This review can offer technical support and practical guidance for next-generation high-performance wearable technology.

Abstract:The paper presents a trajectory tracking control strategy for wheeled robots subject to unknown disturbances.A learning observer is designed to estimate the position and orientation angle of the wheeled robots while reconstructing the unknown disturbances.Based on the estimated values of the learning ob-server,a sliding mode controller combined with the barrier function is designed to effectively control the estimated errors of the position and orientation angle in trajectory tracking.A rigorous Lyapunov stability analysis is given to prove the stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed control strategy.Sim-ulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.

Abstract:The storability of soybean seeds is a crucial factor in determining the germination potential(GP)and germination rate(GR)of stored seeds,which are of great significance for agricultural production and food processing.In this study,the GP and GR of 879 soybean germplasms stored under natural conditions for 3.5 years were measured.Through a genome-wide association study(GWAS),58 significantly associ-ated SNPs were found,among which one SNP was associated with GP and 57 SNPs were related to GR.These significant SNPs were distributed either independently or in clusters on ten different chromosomes.The SNP clusters on chromosomes 2,9,and 10 were identified as three QTLs related to GR.Five known QTLs that overlapped with these three QTLs were considered co-located QTLs,and two genes,namely Glyma.02g170500 and Glyma.09g182900,were identified as candidate genes.The results of haplotype analysis showed that 11 tag SNPs located in the non-coding region of Glyma.02g170500 could be divided into 4 blocks,with GP and GR differing significantly between different haplotypes in all blocks except the block 2.A total of 38 tag SNPs were found for Glyma.09g182900,forming 840 haplotypes.Due to the small number of accessions for each haplotype,further analysis was not conducted.The haplotype with significantly higher GP and GR than the other haplotypes contained more accessions from the Huang-Huai region than from other regions,and more landraces than improved cultivars.The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the subsequent breeding of soybean varieties with high storability and the elucidation of the genetic mechanism of soybean seed storability.

Abstract:The aim of this research is to address the remaining issues with small target leakage and poor multi-target classification performance that are still present during navigation in complex sea areas.To this end,a global attention-guided multi-scale ship detection algorithm,named GAG-YOLO,has been proposed.The global attention mechanism(GAM)has been introduced into the YOLOv5 target detection network in order to capture the global contextual information,thereby enabling the model to better dis-criminate the ship target from the complex contextual differences.Furthermore,the anchor frame parame-ters are optimized to better match the shape of the ship and to more accurately locate and identify ship tar-gets at different scales.Finally,the loss function of the YOLOv5 network is improved to focus on high-quality samples using Focal-EIOU for more accurate bounding box regression by assigning different weights.The experimental results demonstrate that GAG-YOLO outperforms the listed YOLO series al-gorithms in terms of detection accuracy and robustness.Specifically,the mean average precision(mAP)at 0.5∶0.95 is improved by 4.6％.The detection algorithm improves the overall detection speed and effec-tively reduces the leakage and false detection rate,providing a faster and more accurate solution for ship monitoring in complex sea areas.

Abstract:In plants,sucrose invertases catalyze the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose,and is a key enzyme in the regulation of sucrose metabolism.The sucrose invertase genes(INVs)played essential roles in growth and development,and the responses to stresses in plants.Barley is one of the main food crops,but there are few studies on the members of the barley sucrose convertase genes(HvINVs)family.In this study,bioinformatics methods were used to identify members of HvINVs gene family,and to analyze their molecular characters and their response to salt stress.At last,a total of 30 HvINV genes were iden-tified in the whole genome,and these genes were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes in barley.HvINV protein is composed of 131 to 736 amino acids,corresponding molecular weight of 14.15 kDa to 79.46 kDa,theoretical isoelectric point between 4.41 and 9.22.The thirty HvINV genes were divided in-to 3 subfamilies,and members in each subfamily share the similar gene structures and conserved motifs,but members among subfamilies exhibited differences,indicating that there might be functional differences among the members of the subfamilies.In addition,large cis-acting elements related with stress responses were identified in the HvINVs promoter regions.Based on the known function of homologous genes in Arabidopsis and transcriptomic analysis in response to salt stress in barley,it is predicted that a large number of HvINV genes in subfamily C may play a role in the salt stress response.This study will pro-vide an important theoretical basis for further analysis of biological functions of HvINV genes in barley in response to salt stress.

Abstract:To address the issues of low piezoelectric catalytic activity and visible light nonresponse of tradi-tional piezoelectric materials,a type III heterostructure was constructed between the piezoelectric Ba0.66Sr0.34TiO3(BST)and the narrow-bandgap semiconductor CuO.This structure utilizes the dynamic built-in electric fields generated by BST under mechanical stress to effectively drive separation of photo-generated charge carriers.Meanwhile,the CuO with narrow-bandgap broaden the photoabsorption range of the piezoelectric material into the visible spectrum,thereby achieving synergistic effects between the pi-ezoelectric response and photocatalytic activity.The BST-CuO photocatalysts were fabricated using a com-bination of hydrothermal and wet chemical methods.Phase structure and microstructure characterization reveal that CuO nanosheets agglomerated on the BST surface with the increase of CuO loading.Under the synergistic action of ultrasound and visible light,the BST-CuO2 heterojunction achieves 59%rhodamine B degradation in 150 min,which was 1.6 times higher than that of pure BST.Notably,this efficiency was 3.3 times and 2.7 times higher than the degradation rates obtained under ultrasonication in the dark and stirring with light irradiation,respectively.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the active species,photocurrent spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,the incorporation of CuO with a relatively narrow bandgap extends the optical absorption edge to the full-spectrum solar spectrum(200～800 nm).The ultrasound-activated dynamic built-in electric field induced by BST sustainably drives photo-induced charge carrier separation,thereby achieving optimized photocatalytic performance in BST-CuO.This study provides a novel approach for understanding the synergy mechanism of piezoelectricity and pho-tocatalysis.

Abstract:To address the limitations of traditional multi-object tracking algorithms in terms of detection accuracy,tracking precision,and robustness,this paper proposes a novel method based on the Tracking-By-Detection paradigm for vehicle flow monitoring.The method employs the YOLOv8 object detection al-gorithm to achieve rapid localization and identification of vehicle targets,and integrates an improved deep learning-based DeepSORT multi-object tracking algorithm to ensure accurate and real-time tracking and counting of vehicles.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high detection accuracy when handling fast-moving vehicles,with an average precision of 94.7%.This end-to-end ap-proach exhibits good feasibility and effectiveness in batch processing applications of vehicle video data.

Abstract:Posaconazole,a second-generation triazole antifungal agent,is widely used for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections.As a Biopharmaceutics Classification System(BCS)class Ⅱ drug,it exhibits low solubility and high permeability,resulting in bioavailability that is influenced by mul-tiple factors and marked interindividual variability.This review summarizes the key determinants affecting the bioavailability of posaconazole,including solubility and pH dependence,drug transporters and meta-bolic pathways,patient physiological conditions,drug-drug interactions,and formulation characteristics.On this basis,recent formulation strategies developed to enhance bioavailability—such as amorphous solid dispersions,nanoparticles,liposomes,microspheres,and other sustained-release systems—are systemati-cally discussed.Furthermore,the review addresses the challenges associated with clinical translation,in-cluding formulation complexity,quality consistency,and safety concerns.Looking ahead,the develop-ment of novel drug delivery systems and personalized dosing strategies is expected to further optimize the clinical use of posaconazole.