Abstract:Fertilization is the key to achieving high yield in planting potherb mustard.To reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and explore reasonable fertilization methods,different fertilization methods were applied to five varieties of potherb mustard,with no fertilization as the control.The results showed that under different fertilization conditions,there were significant differences in the main agronomic traits and yield among different varieties of potherb mustard.Compared with the non fertilization treatment,fertilization could significantly improve the plant height,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf petiole length,and yield of potherb mustard.The plant height of'Yongxue No.1'treated with E increased by 102.79％compared to the control.The maximum leaf length of'Yongxue No.5'increased by 62.99％,the length of the petiole increased by 82.13％,and the yield increased by 592.90％compared to the control.This study provided a reference for scientific fertilization of potherb mustard in autumn and winter.

Abstract:Using Jinsi Ziziphus jujuba as the primary raw material,Lactobacillus plantarum and endophytic bacteria isolated from red jujubes were used to co-ferment jujube juice in a liquid state to prepare blackened red jujube juice.Sensory evaluation and pH were adopted as evaluation indices.The process parameters of blackened red jujube juice were optimized through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments.The results indicated that the optimal technological conditions for blackened red jujube juice were as follows:fermentation temperature of 41 ℃,fermentation time of 36 h,and inoculation amount of lactic acid bacteria of 1.5‰.Under these conditions,the sensory score of blackened red jujube juice reached 88.9,and the pH remained stable at 4.05.The product exhibited a unique color imparted by the blackening process,with a rich aroma,mellow taste,harmonious sweet-sour flavor,no unpleasant odor or taste defects,thus providing a favorable drinking experience.This study analyzed the variations in nutritional and bioactive components during the fermentation of red jujubes,optimized the mixed-strain fermentation process,and monitored the changing patterns of sensory quality and organic acids during the blackening process of red jujubes.Furthermore,the technical issues in the processing of blackened red jujubes were further explored.This research provided a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of inferior jujubes and the development of black jujube-related products.

Abstract:Fungal infection was the main cause of fruit decay,which in turn led to significant economic losses during the postharvest storage of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit.In order to reduce postharvest losses,prolong storage life,natamycin nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent method,and the effects of 100 mg/L,300 mg/L and 500 mg/L concentrations on the firmness,ethylene release,soluble solid content,titratable acid content,and sensory evaluation of kiwifruit were studied.The results indicated that at the end of storage,the postharvest kiwifruit treated with 300 mg/L natamycin nanoparticles had a slower decrease in firmness,with a firmness of 1.33 N,which was 3.08 times that of the control group.This treatment also inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and resulted in a high sensory evaluation score of 7 for overall preference.Consequently,it delayed the decay process caused by fungal infection.This study provided a new method and strategy for the postharvest preservation of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit.

Abstract:Sweet wine,as a distinctive category of wine,has long been a subject of extensive investigation due to its complex flavor formation mechanisms.This review systematically analyzed the influence of grape varieties on flavor development,with a particular focus on two major categories of grapes for sweet wine:those for botrytized wines('Riesling','Sémillon',and'Gewürztraminer'),and those for ice wines('Chardonnay','Pinot Noir',and'Beibinghong').It also discussed the variation patterns of flavor compounds and the formation of flavor profiles associated with different winemaking techniques for these cultivars.This review provided a theoretical basis for improving the quality of sweet wine and offers insights for optimizing brewing processes and stabilizing the flavor profiles of sweet wines.

Abstract:Vegetables are a major component of agricultural production in Rudong county,and are also crop highly susceptible to weather conditions.Based on an analysis of the climatic characteristics of Rudong county from 2014 to 2023,this study examined several types of weather-related disasters that frequently occur in the region and their impacts.It proposed targeted countermeasures to guide planting planning,adjust sowing periods to avoid periods of frequent adverse weather,promote the use of agricultural facilities in production,mitigate yield fluctuations caused by disasters,and stabilize vegetable prices.These measures provide a certain reference for effectively preventing and reducing disasters in vegetable production.

Abstract:This study explored the critical roles of cultivation,plant protection,and soil-fertilizer management in fruit and vegetable production and the importance of their synergistic development.The synergistic effect of cultivation,plant protection,and soi-fertilizer management had been fully verified in both theory and practice,which could achieve optimal allocation of resources,improve agricultural production efficiency,reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers,lower environmental pollution,and protect ecological balance.However,collaborative development still faced challenges such as difficulty in technology integration,insufficient awareness among farmers,and a mismatch between implementation costs and economic benefits.In the future,cultivation,plant protection,and soil-fertilizer management will develop towards greater intelligence,green practices,and integration,promoting sustainable fruit and vegetable production.

Abstract:Although nutritionally rich,whole-wheat bread often has a coarse texture,poor palatability,and a short shelf life.Applying fruit-vegetable compound enzyme can effectively improve these qualities,thereby boosting market acceptance.Whole-wheat and high-gluten flours served as main raw materials.Single-factor and orthogonal experiments explored the optimal formula of fruit-vegetable enzyme whole-wheat bread,with sensory and textural properties as indicators.The results showed that the optimal formulation,based on the total mass of flour(20％whole wheat flour,80％wheat flour),was 9％fruit-vegetable compound enzyme,1.2％yeast,6％butter,6％sugar,12％egg liquid,0.5％salt,and 46％water.Bread with this formula had plump appearance,uniform golden crust,wheat aroma with subtle enzyme fragrance,fine,soft elastic crumb,and good mouthfeel.This study broadens the enzyme's application in bread and offered references solving whole-wheat bread palatability.

Abstract:Rose are a medicinal and edible food rich in nutrients.Although high-sugar rose jam preserves the highly active substances in rose petals and generates new small-molecule active compounds,its high sugar content contradicts the prevailing healthy lifestyle trends.Therefore,this paper aimed to explore the innovation and development of low-sugar fermented rose jam processing technology and its impact on product quality.Through comprehensive comparisons,it delved into the improvement of traditional processes,technological innovations,and standardization of low-sugar fermented rose sauce.The study proposed measures for process innovation in low-sugar rose sauce production,aiming to develop products with unique flavors and specific health benefits,and seek to advance the industry toward a healthier and more efficient direction.

Abstract:To screen disease-resistant,high-yield and high-quality tomato varieties suitable for early-spring cultivation in solar greenhouses of Turpan city,this study introduced 14 new tomato varieties(including'Monika''Blanc Queen')for comparative experiments,and determined and analyzed the agronomic traits and yield of each variety.The results showed that'Qinghuan K5'had a high fruit setting rate,with a single fruit weight of 11.2 g,a yield of 5 216 kg/667 m2 and an economic benefit of 13 040 yuan/667 m2,ranking first in all indicators.'Weisimei'had excellent fruit hardness,a soluble solid content of 5.30％,a single fruit weight of 145 g(the highest among all varieties)and a yield of 4 762 kg/667 m2,showing outstanding commercial quality.'Monika'was early-maturing,with the first harvest date on April 15th,a yield of 3 628 kg/667 m2 and low field management difficulty.Overall,'Qinghuan K5''Weisimei'and'Monika'had strong disease resistance,high yield and good quality,which were suitable for popularization and cultivation in early spring in solar greenhouses of Turpan city,providing a scientific basis for the variety renewal of the local tomato industry.

Abstract:With the upgrading of health consumption and the popularization of the concept of utilizing natural food ingredients,fermented foods(characterized by both nutrient retention and functional properties)have attracted increasing attention in both scientific research and public discourse.In this study,apples were used as the main raw material,combined with six types of vegetables including carrots and purple sweet potatoes,and fruit-vegetable enzymes were then prepared via constant-temperature fermentation with lactic acid bacteria at 37 ℃ for 72 h,followed by analysis of their physicochemical indexes,sensory characteristics,and microbial activity.The results showed that the purple sweet potato-apple enzyme performed optimally:its total phenol content was 4.26 mg/mL and flavonoid content was 0.045 mg/mL,significantly higher than those of other combinations,and it was rich in anthocyanins and polyphenols with excellent SOD enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity,its sensory evaluation score reached the highest(96 points)at 36 h,and the number of viable lactic acid bacteria was 6.1×108 CFU/mL.Overall,the purple sweet potato-apple enzyme had the best quality,and this study provided a theoretical basis for the process optimization and functional enhancement of compound enzymes.

Abstract:In order to study the effect of brassinolide combined with microporous packaging(BR+MP)on the postharvest storage quality of honey peach,fruits were treated with 5 μmnol/L brassinolide,followed by microporous packaging.The changes in the concentrations of O2 and CO2 within the packaging,respiratory intensity,weight loss,decay rate,firmness,soluble solids content,ascorbic acid content,cell wall polysaccharide contents and cell wall degradation enzyme activities of honey peach during storage at 0 ℃ were investigated.The results indicated that the BR+MP treatment had a better preservation effect for honey peach compared with the brassinolide combined with polyethylene bag packaging(BR+LDPE),as well as the polyethylene bag packaging(CK+LDPE)or microporous packaging(CK+MP)alone.The BR+MP treatment had a higher O2 concentration and a lower CO2 concentration within the packaging,reducing the respiration intensity and weight loss.At the 30th day of storage,the decay rate of honey peach treated by the BR+MP was only 3.52％,maintaining relatively high firmness,soluble solids of 10.42％and ascorbic acid of 4.35 mg/100 g FW contents.The BR+MP treatment inhibited the activities of polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase,maintained the contents of chelate-soluble pectin of 0.31 mg/g,sodium carbonate-soluble pectin of 0.69 mg/g and hemicellulose of 0.38 mg/g,reduced the water-soluble pectin contents of 0.89 mg/g,thereby delaying fruit softening and maintaining the quality of honey peach.This research provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of postharvest storage quality of peaches.

Abstract:Shandong province is one of the primary garlic-producing regions,with its garlic cultivation area and yield holding significant importance both nationally and globally.Traditional garlic cultivation practices,particularly the use of plastic film residue and excessive irrigation with heavy fertilization,contribute to agricultural non-point source pollution.To balance garlic production with ecological conservation,this study evaluated the applicability of fully biodegradable mulching films in garlic fields,selected locally suitable,garlic-specific fully biodegradable mulching film products,and integrated a set of ecological control technologies for non-point source pollution.This study provided technical support for advancing the management of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Abstract:Gaoling has achieved uninterrupted year-round supply of tomatoes and successfully established the regional brand"Gaoling Whole-Season Tomatoes".This paper elaborated on the developmental advantages of tomato i ndustry in Gaoling district,including soil conditions,transportation advantages,favorable policies,and financial support.It analyzed the current situation of variety,quality,brand building,demonstration drive,and full season supply in the development of Gaoling tomato industry.Solutions was proposed to address the issues of insufficient technological research,low brand influence,and prominent shortcomings in deep processing in industrial development,in order to provide reference for building regional brands and extending industrial chains.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of salt stress on the growth and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica rapa var.parachinensis)during the germination and seedling stages,aiming to provide theoretical guidance for its production in saline-alkali soils,the Chinese flowering cabbage cultivar'720'was used as the test material.Salt stress treatments were applied at different concentrations(50,100,150,200,250 mmol/L).The effects of salt stress at various concentrations on germination rate as well as morphological and physiological indicators during the seedling stage were comparatively analyzed.Results showed that salt stress inhibited seed germination,with the lowest germination rate(35.3%)observed under the 250 mmol/L salt treatment.A low salt concentration treatment(50 mmol/L)had minimal impact on growth.Under medium to high salt concentrations(100-250 mmol/L),membrane permeability,peroxidase(POD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and proline content increased,whereas chlorophyll content,soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and catalase(CAT)activity decreased.Salt treatment significantly inhibited seed germination,with germination rate decreasing progressively as salt concentration increased.Seedlings exhibited relatively strong salt tolerance under the 50 mmol/L low salt conditions.However,under the 100-250 mmol/L medium and high salt concentrations,salt tolerance gradually declined with increasing salt levels and duration of exposure.This study,by determining changes in morphological and physiological indices of Chinese flowering cabbage under different salt concentrations,provides references for its cultivation and breeding in saline soils.

Abstract:Sanming city stands as a key fruit cultivation base in Fujian province.Bolstered by the locational advantages of the Zhejiang-Fujian-Guangdong Citrus Advantageous Industrial Belt,its distinctive natural conditions and solid industrial foundation,the mandarin orange industry has gradually evolved into a pillar industry supporting rural revitalization in Sanming city.This paper analyzed the resource advantages of Sanming mandarin oranges and summarized the development practices such as policy guidance,variety improvement,and quality enhancement.Addressing problems in industrial development including extensive operation and insufficient industrial chain extension,it proposed development paths of strengthening resource integration,deepening technological empowerment,extending the industrial chain,and optimizing brand operation,so as to provide practical references for the high-quality development of Sanming's mandarin orange industry.

Abstract:Rhizome rot represents one of the principal diseases affecting crops in the Rushan area of Weihai city,Shandong province.In recent years,its severity has shown a trend of progressive intensification,significantly compromising the yield and economic returns of major crops in Rushan area.To effectively prevent and control this disease and ensure the yield and value of crops,based on years of investigation,this study investigated the pathogenesis of peanut stem rot,ginger rhizome rot,strawberry red stele root rot,and wheat crown rot.Critical control windows and effective chemical agents were identified,thereby establishing a scientific foundation for integrated management of crop rhizome rot.

Abstract:Soil degradation,characterized by long-term continuous cropping obstacles,inappropriate fertilization,and improper tillage practices,has led to prominent issues such as physicochemical deterioration and reduced biological activity.This phenomenon has become a key bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of China's apple industry.This paper systematically reviewed the latest research progress on soil improvement and green fertilization technologies for apple orchards both domestically and internationally.In soil improvement,physical,chemical,and biological methods have all achieved remarkable results in enhancing soil structure,regulating pH value,and restoring microbial community diversity.Specifically,green manure planting comprehensively improves soil physicochemical properties,while pit water-fertilizer application achieves high water and nutrient use efficiency in dryland areas.Regarding green fertilization,techniques such as water-fertilizer integration,soil-testing based formula fertilization,and organic fertilizer substitution demonstrate excellent prospects for enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency and mitigating environmental pollution.Furthermore,the development and promotion of novel functional fertilizers,including selenium-enriched,slow-and controlled-release,and humic acid-based fertilizers,further advance fertilization management toward precision and ecological practices.

Abstract:To eliminate the accumulation of viruses in seedlings,restore their desirable traits,and improve their quality,this study reviewed the technical research on virus-free tissue-cultured strawberry seedlings and the process of growing them into mature nursery plants in production practices.It elaborated on aspects including the shoot-tip culture for virus elimination,propagation and substrate screening,seedling production,and virus detection methods.This study systematically summarized the research on virus-free strawberry tissue culture seedlings and breeding techniques,aiming to provide theoretical support and guidance for industrialized seedling production,standardization,industrial upgrading of strawberry propagation,and related fields.

Abstract:To investigate the physiological differences among'Cuiguan'pear young fruits of different positions and their relationship with fruit abscission,this study compared the tissue structure,endogenous hormone levels,and reactive oxygen metabolism characteristics of young fruits at 13 days after full bloom,including abscising fruits.The results showed that low-position fruits had significantly higher individual fruit mass than high-position fruits.Abscising fruits exhibited a pronounced accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA),reaching 2.46 times the average level of normal fruits,while indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)remained at an intermediate level and gibberellic acid(GA3)showed no significant difference.In abscising fruits,hydrogen peroxide levels increased markedly,whereas catalase(CAT)activity was the lowest,indicating a decline in antioxidant capacity.Microscopic observations revealed the formation of a distinct abscission layer and lignified structure at the fruit pedicel.Collectively,these findings suggest that fruit abscission in'Cuiguan'pear was a result of multiple interacting factors,among which excessive ABA accumulation,changes in IAA levels,and reactive oxygen imbalance played key regulatory roles.This study elucidated the intrinsic link between fruit position and abscission in pear and provided a theoretical basis for the development and application of chemical thinning agents.

Abstract:In order to select superior cauliflower varieties suitable for cultivation in Dingxi city,this paper comprehensively evaluated 23 introduced cauliflower varieties based on 8 indicators using principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods.The results showed that through the quantitative function model of the three principal component factors constructed by principal component analysis,the five varieties of'Taiyou Songhua Wang''Qingxiu 100''Jieruxue 2''Songmei 100 Tian'and'Taiyou Songhua 90 Tian'had the highest comprehensive trait scores.By using the cluster dendrogram to systematically classify different cauliflower varieties,the 23 varieties were clustered into three major categories based on the 8 trait indicators.Among them,the five varieties of'Taiyou Songhua Wang''Qingxiu 100''Feicui 6''Jieruxue 2''Lihe Qinggeng 100'were grouped into one category,characterized by high yield per unit area,high single head weight,and good comprehensive traits.This result was basically consistent with the field growth situation,indicating the high reliability of the comprehensive evaluation results.The comprehensive analysis indicated that'Taiyou Songhua Wang''Qingxiu 100''Jieruxue 2'were three varieties suitable for cultivation in Dingxi city,and they were varieties with market potential and suitable for promotion.