Abstract:Objective To study the relationship between tea drinking and esophageal cancer in Chinese population.Methods The literature related to tea drinking and esophageal cancer published in Chinese and foreign databases was searched by computer from 1990 to 2023,and the literature meeting the requirements was selected.Stata 17.0 software was used for consistency test,random effects model was adopted,and the OR value and 95%CI were combined.Results A total of 35 retrospective studies were included,including 10 062 cases in the case group and 18 009 cases in the control group.The combined OR value and 95%CI were 0.725(0.595～0.883).The results of sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection confirm that the results of this study are stable and reliable.Conclusion Tea drinking is a protective factor for esophageal cancer in Chinese population,and tea drinking can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the correlation between spiritual level and quality of life in patients with stage Ⅱ～Ⅳ esophageal cancer during chemotherapy,and to explore the application effects of spiritual care in these patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 162 patients with stage Ⅱ～Ⅳ esophageal cancer who received chemotherapy at our hospital from January 2021 to March 2024.All patients were assessed using the Chinese version of the european organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life-spiritual well-being scale(EORTC QLQ-SWB32)for spiritual level te-sting,and their quality of life was evaluated with the Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-OES18.Patients were divided into 3 groups:86 with low spiritual level,45 with moderate spiritual level,and 31 with high spiritual level.The quality of life of patients with different spiritual levels was compared,and the correlation between spiritual level and quality of life was analyzed.Patients with low spiritual level were further divided into a control group(43 cases)and an intervention group(43 cases)based on whether spiritual care was implemented.The control group received routine interventions during chemotherapy,while the intervention group received spiritual care in addition to routine interventions.The spiritual level and quality of life of both groups were compared before the intervention and one month after the intervention.Results The quality of life of patients with different spiritual levels showed that the EORTC QLQ-OES18 scores were highest in the high spiritual level group,followed by the moderate level group,and lowest in the low spiritual level group.The differences in EORTC QLQ-OES18 scores among the three groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that the EORTC QLQ-SWB32 dimensions,items,and total score were positively correlated with the quality of life in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy(r>0,P<0.05).One month after the intervention,the total scores of EORTC QLQ-SWB32 and EORTC QLQ-OES18 in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The quality of life of patients with stage Ⅱ～Ⅳ esophageal cancer during chemotherapy is closely related to their spiritual level.Implementing spiritual care during chemotherapy can further enhance their spiritual level,thereby promoting the improvement of their quality of life.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in China,which has seriously jeopardized human health.The psychological reactions and emotional disorders dur-ing the diagnosis and treatment of diseases directly/indirectly affect the treatment and prognosis of patients.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines recommend psychological management for the comprehensive management of cancer patients.Therefore,this article reviews the clinical psychology re-search and application status of psychological intervention in esophageal cancer patients,so as to provide ref-erence for the management,clinical application and development of psychological distress in esophageal cancer patients.

Abstract:In recent years,the incidence rate of head and neck and chest malignant tumors in China is on the rise.As one of the main treatment methods,radiotherapy is widely used.Radiation esophagitis is a common complication of radiotherapy for malignant tumors in the head,neck and chest,which seriously af-fects the quality of life and long-term survival rate of patients.Effective prevention and treatment measures for radiation esophagitis can greatly alleviate patients'pain,improve their tolerance to treatment and prolong their survival.This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment for radiation esophagitis.

Abstract:In recent years,the incidence and mortality of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have been increased in China.Due to the special location of the esophagus and the characteristics of atypical clinical symptoms,it leads to late detection of the disease and unsatisfactory therapeutic effects.With the continuous progress of microecological research in the digestive tract,Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingi-valis have a certain influence on the changes of esophageal flora in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The review summarizes the correlation between the two bacteria and esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma which provides new ideas to explore the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective To analyze of the clinicopathological characteristics,morphological features,and prognosis of esophageal spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma(ESCSCC)and improve awareness and diagnostic capabilities for this rare tumor.Methods 80 patients with ESCSCC who underwent radical esophageal resection in Anyang Tumor Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were selected.The morphological features related to H&E staining and immunohistochemistry sections were reviewed,and the clinical data and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.All patients were followed up to December 2023,and prognosis-related factors were analyzed.Results Among the 80 patients with ESCSCC,the male-to-female ratio was 1.76:1,the median age was 67 years,with the middle oesophageal segment being the most common(58.75％,47/80).In the general morphology,76.25％of the patients had polypoid or exophytic growth.Under the microscope,the morphological characteristics of ESCSCC tumor cells can be divided into two types:squamous and sarcomatoid,with a total of 70 cases,accounting for 87.50％;and all tumors showed a sarcomatoid morphology,with a total of 10 cases,accounting for 12.50％.Prognostic analysis showed that TNM stage(P=0.015)and age of onset of 70 years(P=0.001)were associated with poor prognosis.Conclusion ESCSCC has unique clinical and pathological characteristics,and is more common in elderly males.The lesions are mainly located in the middle of the esophagus,with polyps/umbrella shaped lesions being the most common.The proportion of T1 stage patients is the highest,and prognostic factors incl-ude tumor staging and age.

Abstract:Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of inflatable video-assisted mediastinoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy(IVMTE)in patients with esophageal cancer and pulmonary dysfunction.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 53 patients with pulmonary dysfunction who underwent IVMTE by the same surgical team in our hospital from July 2021 to September 2023.The perioperative complication rates,including pulmonary infection,hoarseness,number of lymph nodes dissected,operation time,intraoperative bleeding,and anastomotic leakage,were observed.Results All patients successfully completed the surgery,with average surgery time of 229.8±42.7 minutes and average blood loss of 70.5±34.4 mL.The average number of dissected lymph nodes was 20.4±4.2.The average postoperative hospital stay was 13.5±5.5 days,and the average ICU stay was 1.3±1.0 days.3 cases(5.66%)experienced cervical anastomotic leakage,5 cases(9.43%)developed postoperative pneumonia,and 13 cases(24.53%)had hoarseness.The R0 resection rate was 100%.There is no perioperative mortality.Conclusion IVMTE is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer and pulmonary dysfunction.It does not increase the risk of perioperative complications and reduces the requirements related to pulmonary function.

Abstract:Objective To select a solid agar medium suitable for the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)and to establish an effective and rapid method for the isolation of Pg strains.Methods By observing the growth cycle and colony characteristics of Pg,we investigated the growth characteristics of Pg standard strain ATCC 33277 on fastidious anaerobic agar(FAA),tryptic soy peptone agar(TSA),and bovine brain heart infusion agar(BHIA).BHIA were used to characterize the growth and screen the best plates.Dental plaque was collected from 1 patient with chronic periodontitis in an area with high incidence of esophageal cancer,and fresh tumor tissue from 3 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was collected,identi-fied as positive for Pg by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR),and cultured on FAA plates with continuous lines for routine anaerobic culture.Gram staining,qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to preliminarily identify the isolated clinical strains,and experiments such as growth curve test,drug sensitivity and biofilm-forming ability were carried out to further study the biological characteristics of the isolated clinical strains.Results Compared with BHIA and TSA,FAA was more suitable for the growth of Pg and its sensitivity was higher.A clinical strain of Pg,named LyG1,was successfully isolated from oral cavity,and a clinical strain of Pg,named LyEC01,was isolated from esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues.Conclusion FAA is suitable for the isolation,purification as well as cultivation of Pg,and the clinical strains of LyG1 and LyEC01,which were isolated from oral cavity and esophageal carcinoma tissues,differed from the standard strains in their biological characteristics.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)infection on MHC-Ⅱin esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and its immune regulation mechanism.Methods The expression level of MHC-Ⅱand the infiltration of CD8+T cells in different treatment groups were detected by tissue immunofluorescence.The colocalization of P62,FimA(the main virulence factor flagellin),Lamp1(lysosome-associated membrane protein 1)and MHC-Ⅱin each group was observed by immunofluorescence staining.The expression levels of P62 and MHC-Ⅱ in KYSE150 cells infected by Pg were detected by Western blot.Expressions of Granzyme B and Perforin were detected by flow cytometry when Pg-positive KYSE150 was co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Results Immunofluorescence showed a significant reduction in MHC-Ⅱexpression in Pg-positive tissues compared to Pg-negative tissues,accompanied with a significant reduction in T cell infiltration.The co-localization of P62,FimA and Lamp1 was weakened in 2-BP(palmitoyltransferase inhibitor)group and sh-ZDHHC8(transfected with lentiviral plasmid knockdown ZDHHC8)group compared with the Pg infection group alone.The co-localization of P62,FimA and MHC-Ⅱwas weakened in P62 knockdown group compared with Pg infection group alone.Western blot showed that the expression of MHC-Ⅱwas decreased after Pg infection of KYSE150 cells,and the expression of MHC-Ⅱcould be restored after P62 knockdown.The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of cytotoxic molecules on the surface of CD8+T cells was significantly reduced in the Pg infected group(Gzmb,Perforin),while partial expression was restored in the 2BP group,shP62 group,and chloroquine(CQ)group.Conclusion FimA may activate P62 mediated autophagy through palmitoylation,recruit MHC-Ⅱ to lysosomal degradation,inhibit T cell immune response,and participate in immunosuppression and tumor progression.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the role of MRI quantitative parameters as predictors of response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with EC.Methods Chinese and English databases were retrieved,and eligi-ble studies were included.Stata 15.0 was used for data analysis,and Meta-analysis was conducted with biva-riate mixed-effects model.The pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ra-tio,diagnostic odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)of the effect size were calculated.The re-ceiver operating characteristic curve was drawn.The diagnostic efficiency by evaluating the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results 18 articles were included,with a cumulative sample size of 1100 patients,including 630 cases with treatment response was effective.The accuracy of △ADC(the change of ADC value before and during treatment)in identifying therapeutic response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in EC patients was evaluated.The sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio and SROC were 0.79(95%CI:0.68～0.87),0.87(95%CI:0.72～0.95),6.1(95%CI:2.8～13.5),0.24(95%CI:0.16～0.36),25(95%CI:11～60),and 0.89(95%CI:0.86～0.91),re-spectively.Conclusion △ADC can serve as a predictive indicator for therapeutic response and as a tool to guide clinical decision-making.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the prognostic value of serum CGRP and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in reflux esophagitis(RE).Methods 90 RE patients admitted to our hospital from June 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 45 healthy people who participated in physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group.The correlations between serum CGRP,HO-1 lev-els,GerdQ score,as well as their combined prognostic value were analyzed.Results The levels of serum CGRP and HO-1 in the observation group patients increased compared to the control group(P＜0.001).The levels of serum CGRP,HO-1,and GerdQ score in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group,while levels of serum CGRP,HO-1,and GerdQ score in the severe group showed an increase com-pared to the moderate group(P＜0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the serum CGRP level and HO-1 level of RE patients were positively correlated with GerdQ score(P＜0.01).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum CGRP and HO-1 predicting poor prognosis in RE patients was 0.841 and 0.877,respectively,and the combination of the two increased the AUC to 0.937.Conclusion The combination of serum CGRP and HO-1 has a high predictive value for the prognosis of RE patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of WeChat's joint information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model nursing care for patients with oesophageal cancer in the intermittent period between chemotherapy treatments,based on the perspective of improving patients'self-efficacy and coping styles.Methods 80 oesophag-eal cancer patients admitted to our hospital were included,and divided into 40 cases each in the control group and the observation group randomly.The control group implemented the conventional nursing programme,and the obser-vation group implemented the WeChat public platform combined with the IMB mode of nursing intervention on the basis of the control group,The self-efficacy,coping style,quality of survival,and degree of satisfaction of the pa-tients of the two groups were compared.Results After nursing,the observation group showed higher self-efficacy,quality of life scores,and facing scores,loweravoidanceand surrender scores,with statistically significant differences between the groups(P＜0.05);The satisfaction rate of patients in the observation group was 95.00%,higher than the 80.00%in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion For patients in the chemotherapy interval of esophageal cancer,the combination of WeChat public platform and IMB model nursing can effectively improve patients'self-effi-cacy,help them establish treatment confidence,promote their positive attitude towards treatment,and play an im-portant role in improving patients'quality of life and satisfaction.

Abstract:Objective To produce T7 lysozyme(T7-Lys)from Escherichia coli T7 double-stranded DNA bacteriophage through genetic engineering and to evaluate the enzyme's antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg).Methods The gene encoding T7 lysozyme(T7-Lys)was synthesized based on the T7-Lys gene sequence from GenBank,with codon optimization according to the preference of Escherichia coli.The synthesized gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+),and the recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+)/T7-Lys was constructed,which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)for expression.The IPTG concentration and Escherichia coli culture temperature were optimized,and the expression of the soluble target protein was analyzed using SDS-PAGE to determine the optimal culture and induction conditions.T7-Lys was purified through affinity chromatography,and its lytic activity against Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis was evaluated at various concentrations.Results The pET-28a(+)/T7-Lys recombinant expression plasmid was successfully constructed and verified by double enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis.Using the ProtParam tool from Expasy,the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was predicted to be approximately 19.15 kDa,with a grand average of hydropathicity(GRAVY)of-0.565.The optimal IPTG induction conditions were determined to be a concentration of 0.5 mmol·L-1 at 23 ℃,with an induction time of 24 hours.The recombinant T7-Lys protein was predominantly expressed in a soluble form.Laboratory-scale fermentation yielded approximately 79.26 mg of purified T7-Lys protein per liter of fermentation broth.T7-Lys has a significant lytic activity against Escherichia coli with a specific activity of 29 081 U·mg-1,and a more pronounced lytic activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis with a specific activity of 35 948 U·mg-1.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+)/T7-Lys was successfully constructed,leading to the production of soluble T7-Lys protein.T7-Lys exhibited significant lytic activity against Gram-negative bacteria,including Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the symptom distress of esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy,and to analyze its relationship with psychological resilience and social support.Methods 160 esophageal cancer chemoradiotherapy patients admitted to Anyang Cancer Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023 were selected.The Anderson Gastrointestinal Tumor Symptom Scale(MDASI),Psychological Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to investigate the patients′ symptom distress,psychological resilience,and social support levels.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of symptom distress,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between symptom distress,psychological resilience,and social support in esophageal cancer chemoradiotherapy patients.Results The incidence of symptom distress in 160 patients was 100%,with the highest rate of poor appetite(98.75%)and fatigue(98.13%);the symptom distress score is(3.46±0.42)points.In terms of symptom severity,symptoms such as poor appetite,restless sleep,fatigue,and pain are at a relatively high level,with scores of(5.36±0.62)points,(4.84±0.56)points,(4.25±0.51)points,and(3.69±0.42)points,respectively;In terms of the degree of symptom distress,the impact on emotions,work and life enjoyment is more significant,with scores of(4.52±0.56)points,(4.22±0.46)points,and(4.08±0.43)points,respectively.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological resilience and social support were the influencing factors of symptom distress in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the symptom distress score was negatively correlated with CD-RISC,SPSS total score,and various dimension scores(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of symptom distress in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy is relatively high,and it is influenced by psychological resilience and social support.Clinical interventions should be strengthened to meet the needs of patients and reduce the occurrence of symptom distress.

Abstract:Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE)Ivor-Lewis and Mckeown for lower thoracic esophageal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 482 patients with lower thoracic esophageal cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from June 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into MIE Ivor-Lewis and MIE Mckeown groups.234 patients in MIE Mckeown group underwent radical resection through three incisions of left neck,right chest,and abdomen with the combination of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy.248 patients in MIE Ivor-Lewis group underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer through thoracic and abdominal incision.A total of 233 patients were included after propensity score-matching procedure according to the baseline char-acteristics.The operative,perioperative and long-term follow-up data of the two groups were compared.Results The mean number of lymph nodes dissection in MIE Mckeown group was(26.1±9.7),significantly higher than that in MIE Ivor-Lewis group(23.3±7.9,P<0.001).17 patients(7.29%)in MIE Mckeown group had perioperative anastomotic leakage,significantly higher than that of MIE Ivor-Lewis group(0.86%)(P<0.001).The incidence of perioperative hoarseness in MIE Mckeown group was 9.01%,significantly higher than that in MIE Ivor-Lewis group(4.29%)(P=0.041).The 5-year survival rates of MIE Mckeown group(50.9±6.9)%were lower than that of MIE Ivor-Lewis group(59.5±3.5)%,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.153 7).Conclusion MIE Ivor-Lewis and MIE Mckeown have comparable clinical effects in the treatment of lower thoracic esophageal cancer,but MIE Ivor-Lewis may be an ideal choice for lower thoracic esophageal cancer for its lower perioperative complications.

Abstract:As one of the most common malignant tumors in China,esophageal cancer is traditionally treated with surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy.However,these traditional methods have low survival rates,significant side effects,and poor prognosis,seriously affecting the quality of life of esophageal cancer patients.In recent years,nanotechnology has developed rapidly,and nanoparticles are playing an increasingly important role in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer due to their small size,good biocompatibility,ability to cross various biological barriers,and low side effects.Nanoparticles of different types vary in structure and properties,and there are also obvious differences in their mechanisms and effects in the treatment of esophageal cancer.This article comprehensively reviews Chinese and foreign literature over the past decade,summarizes the current status of nanotechnology development,and provides various methods and applications of targeted therapy for esophageal cancer,serving as a reference for relevant researchers.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of systematic nutritional support management on the skeletal muscle index and the course of radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 119 patients treated with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer from February 2023 to February 2024 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology were selected as the study objects and divided into group A(n=59)and group B(n=60)by random number table method.Group A received routine intervention,group B received systematic nutritional support management on the basis of control group.The changes of nutritional indexes,skeletal muscle index and the effects on the course of radiotherapy were compared between the two groups.Results After 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention,the expression level of nutritional indexes in both groups increased,and group B was higher than group A(P<0.05),skeletal muscle index in both groups increased,and group B was higher than group A(P<0.05),and the delay time of radiotherapy in group B(T0,T1,T2)was shorter than group A(P<0.05).Conclusion Systematic nutrition support management can reduce the loss of skeletal muscle,promote the nutritional level of patients with esophageal cancer and ensure the smooth progress of radiotherapy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate RYBP expression and clinical relevance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of RYBP in 93 ESCC patients'cancer and their adjacent tissue samples.The correlation between RYBP expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed,along with its association with patient prognosis.Results RYBP was lowly expressed in ESCC cancer tissues(69.9％),and its expression was correlated with smoking,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage(P＜0.05).The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the low RYBP expression group(27.7％)compared to the high expression group(57.1％).Both clinical stage and RYBP expression were identified as independent prognostic factors for ESCC by Cox regression aralysis(P＜0.05).Conclusion RYBP expression is significantly reduced in ESCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis,which may be a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for ESCC.

Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with Carolizumab on locally advanced esophageal cancer patients and its impact on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 60 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Puyang City People′s Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024.According to the preoperative neoadjuvant treatment method of the patients,they were divided into immunotherapy group(preoperative combination of Carolizumab and neoadjuvant chemotherapy)of 35 cases,and control group(preoperative only receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy)of 25 cases.Comparison of treatment outcomes,immune function,adverse effects and postoperative complications between the two groups.Results The results showed that the pCR、DCR and ORR of the immunotherapy group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);there were no significant difference between the two groups in the operation time of R0 resection,R1 resection and surgical treatment(P>0.05);Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in CD3+and CD4+/CD8+between the two groups of patients(P>0.05);Compared within the group,after treatment,the levels of CD3+and CD4+/CD 8+in both groups of patients increased compared to before treatment,and the increase was more significant in the immunotherapy group(P<0.05);In the cohort undergoing immunotherapy,the rate of adverse events was marginally elevated in comparison to the control group.Similarly,the prevalence of overall complications was modestly increased within the immunotherapy cohort.Yet,when statistical analysis was applied,these variations did not reach a level of significance that would distinguish the two groups distinctly(P>0.05).Conclusion In the context of managing locally advanced esophageal carcinoma,the integration of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the monoclonal antibody karelizumab demonstrates a favorable safety profile.This therapeutic approach not only enhances the immune response and the overall survival rate among patients but also does not elevate the risk of postoperative adverse events.Consequently,this regimen merits consideration for broader clinical implementation.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal tumors.However,due to its unclear early clinical symptoms and the lack of easy-to-promote screening methods,most patients are already in the middle and late stages at the time of diagnosis,with a low 5-year survival rate and poor quality of life.Chemotherapy is a treatment method that uses chemical drugs to kill tumor cells or inhibit the growth of tumor cells.It has the characteristics of a wide range of effects,no need for positioning,and a high cure rate.It has become one of the most effective methods for treating cancer.As an excellent carrier of chemotherapeutic drugs,nanomaterials have become a new research hotspot in the combination of medicine and industry,providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.This article reviews the mechanism of chemotherapy,the classification of nanomaterials,and their research progress in the chemotherapy of esophageal cancer.It looks forward to the future development direction,opportunities and challenges,to provide a reference for the chemotherapy of esophageal cancer.