Research on the architecture and key technologies of blockchain-based trustworthy sensor systems

SI Xueming; JIA Miao; YAO Zhongyuan; ZHU Weihua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6906.2025.03.001

Abstract：With the scale of industrial internet of things devices growing exponentially,sensor nodes in scenarios such as intelligent manufacturing and smart cities are facing security risks such as low da-ta storage and query efficiency,identity forgery,and frequent failures caused by heterogeneous de-vices in an open network environment.To address these issues,a blockchain trusted sensor architec-ture is proposed,and its key technologies are studied from three aspects:distributed identity authenti-cation mechanism,massive data storage and indexing,and sensor fault detection and repair.This a-chieves closed-loop assurance spanning from trustworthy data source authentication to full lifecycle management.The blockchain trusted sensor architecture include the hardware perception layer,the blockchain layer and the trusted service layer.Among them,the trusted module of the perception lay-er combines the threshold signature and the Physical Unclonable Function,and generates the device u-niqueness certificate based on the distributed identity authentication protocol of KGG to ensure the non-repudiation of the data collection source.The blockchain layer uses the Verkle tree as the data structure to store relevant data(such as sensor collection data,identity authentication certificates,fault detection and repair results,etc.),and reduces the complexity of data verification from O(logn)to O(1)through the KZG polynomial commitment.Meanwhile,the master-sub-inverted index is de-signed to improve the efficiency of large-scale data retrieval.The trusted service layer encapsulates the services of the hardware perception layer and the blockchain layer,aiming to provide technical support for personnel who carry out expansion work in this blockchain trusted sensor architecture.