The Correlation between Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α and Beclin 1 before and after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction

TIAN Jing; XIANG Jun; CAO Na; ZHOU Xiaodan; XIANG Chuhan; LIU Cheng; WANG Yan

doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2025.21.016

Abstract：Objective: To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Beclin1 levels before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A total of 130 AMI patients who underwent PCI at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the experimental group, and 130 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination at our hospital's health center were selected as the control group. Follow-up was conducted for 6 months, and the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion-induced restenosis in AMI patients after surgery was recorded. According to whether restenosis occurred, the patients were divided into the occurrence group (28 cases) and the non-occurrence group (102 cases). The serum levels of HIF-1α and Beclin1 in the experimental group and control group were compared before 1 h, 2 h, and after 1 h, 2 h, and 6 months. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between HIF-1α and Beclin1 in the experimental group before 1 h of PCI, after 1 h of PCI, and 6 months later. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for restenosis after PCI. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the serum levels of HIF-1α and Beclin1 in the experimental group and control group before and after PCI at 1 h, 2 h, and 6 months post-operation. The results showed that the group effect: compared with the control group, the serum HIF-1α levels in the experimental group were lower at 2 h before surgery, 1 h before surgery, 1 h after surgery, 2 h after surgery, and 6 months after surgery, while the Beclin1 levels were higher (P < 0.05). Time effect: there was no statistically significant difference in serum HIF-1α and Beclin1 levels between the experimental group before 1 h and 2 h (P > 0.05). Compared with before 1 h and 2 h, the serum HIF-1α levels increased at 1 h, 2 h, and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05), while the Beclin1 levels decreased (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between 1 h and 2 h after surgery (P > 0.05). Interaction effect: there was an interaction effect between serum HIF-1α and Beclin1 levels between groups and time. As time progressed, the serum HIF-1α levels in the experimental group increased to varying degrees, while the Beclin1 levels decreased (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between serum HIF-1α and Beclin1 levels before 1 h of PCI, after 1 h of PCI, and 6 months later (r values were -0.375, -0.453, -0.272, respectively; all P < 0.05). The occurrence group had higher white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Beclin1 levels at 1 h and 6 months after surgery, and lower HIF-1α levels at 1 h and 6 months after surgery compared to the non-occurrence group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low expression of HIF-1α and high expression of Beclin1 after surgery were risk factors for ischemia-reperfusion injury after PCI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Beclin1 and HIF-1α are closely related to the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury after PCI in AMI patients, and they are negatively correlated. Both are risk factors for restenosis after surgery.