Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

ZHOU Jinxue; GAN Xiaochuan

doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2025.09.016

Abstract：Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in postmenopausal patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A total of 473 postmenopausal women diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction who were treated at Wuxue Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into non-MetS group (259 cases) and MetS group (214 cases) according to whether they had MetS. Follow-up was conducted, and the occurrence of MACE was recorded. Multivariate COX regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between MetS and MACE in postmenopausal patients with acute myocardial infarction, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Additionally, the relationship between MetS and prognosis in different subgroups (myocardial infarction type, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes) was analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, MACE, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and hypertension (P < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 3.26 years, the incidence of MACE was higher in the MetS group compared to the non-MetS group (P < 0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the risk of MACE was higher in the MetS group in model 1, model 2, and model 3. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that with increasing follow-up time, the cumulative risk rate in the MetS group was significantly higher than that in the non-MetS group. In different subgroups of myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and diabetes, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of MetS on MACE in postmenopausal patients with acute myocardial infarction (P interaction test > 0.05). Conclusion: MetS is an independent risk factor for MACE in postmenopausal patients with acute myocardial infarction, and MetS has important predictive significance for MACE in these patients.