Clinical Characteristics of Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

CHEN Xiaolong; WANG Lu; DING Chunli

doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2025.02.015

Abstract：Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including 165 AMI patients aged 45 years or younger (as the young group) who were admitted to our hospital between 2014 and 2019. According to propensity score matching, 165 AMI patients aged over 45 years with similar admission conditions and receiving standard intervention therapy were included as the control group. Clinical data, imaging, serum markers, and other clinical features were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for AMI. All patients were followed up for a short term after discharge, and data on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were collected. The survival status after discharge was described using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Compared with the control group, the young group had a younger age, higher proportions of hyperlipidemia, family history of coronary heart disease, and family history of hyperlipidemia, while the proportions of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption were lower in the young group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The proportion of left anterior descending artery involvement and Gensini score was higher in the young group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the young group showed increased proportions of elevated triglycerides and interleukin (IL)-6, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of coronary heart disease, family history of hyperlipidemia, Gensini score, triglyceride levels, and elevated IL-6 were independent risk factors for AMI in young patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that family history of hyperlipidemia, Gensini score, triglyceride levels, and elevated IL-6 were influencing factors for AMI in young patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.851 [95% CI (0.774, 0.927)], indicating that the model has good predictive ability. Conclusion: Young AMI patients have a good short-term prognosis, and unhealthy lifestyle and family history of hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for AMI in young patients.