Efficacy of Targeted B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Refractory Multiple Myeloma

YUAN Jiajia

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2025.30.010

Abstract：Objective:To explore the impact of the T-cell regimen targeting B-cell maturation antigens chimeric antigen receptors on T-cell subsets during the treatment of patients with refractory multiple myeloma and its long-term efficacy.Method:A total of 80 patients with refractory multiple myeloma treated at Wuxi Second People's Hospital from January to October 2023 were selected as the subjects and grouped according to the differences in treatment methods.The control group(40 cases)was treated with the VP regimen(V:bortezomib for injection,P:Dexamethasone),In the observation group(40 cases),chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen was added.The effective rate of disease control,the improvement of T cell subsets[helper T cells(Th cells),inhibitory T cells(Ts cells)]before and after treatment,the improvement of direct pathological indicators(ratios of osteoclasts,osteoblasts and plasma cells),the incidence of adverse reactions,and the one-year recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Result:The effective rate of disease control in the observation group of multiple myeloma patients was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of T cell subsets such as Th(CD3+CD4+)cells and Ts(CD3+CD8+)cells,the levels of pathological direct indicators such as the ratios of osteoclasts,osteoblasts and plasma cells between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the levels of T cell subsets such as Th(CD3+CD4+)cells and Ts(CD3+CD8+)cells,as well as the direct pathological indicators such as the ratios of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and plasma cells,all decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Moreover,the levels of T cell subsets such as Th(CD3+CD4+)cells and Ts(CD3+CD8+)cells as well as the ratios of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and plasma cells in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group with multiple myeloma,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse effects such as skin itching,rash,nausea and vomiting,and dizziness in the observation group were not statistically different from those in the control group(P>0.05).The one-year recurrence rate of multiple myeloma patients in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting B-cell maturation antigens have a good therapeutic effect on patients with refractory multiple myeloma and are relatively safe.