Influence of Frozen Testicular Sperm on Clinical Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology

XU Xiaoqin; CAI Changming; HUO Junye; CHENG Lizi; YU Wenjuan; FANG Xiaowu

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2025.10.020

Abstract：Objective:To explore the influence of frozen testicular sperm on the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology.Method:The data of 195 cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)with frozen testicular sperm in the Reproductive Center of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from January 2019 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed,according to the quality of frozen testicular sperm,they were divided into active sperm group and inactive sperm group,the active sperm group and inactive sperm group were further divided into obstructive azoospermia(OA)patients and non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA)patients;according to the source,they were divided into OA group and NOA group;according to the cryopreservation time,they were divided into≤3 months group and>3 months group.The basic information and clinical outcomes of each group were compared.Result:According to the quality,source and cryopreservation time of frozen testicular sperm were divided into groups,there were no significant differences in female age,male age,infertility years,female body mass index(BMI),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)(basal),luteinizing hormone(LH)(basal),estradiol(E2)(basal)endometrial thickness(transplantation day),number of antral follicles,total number of oocytes retrieved,D3 high-quality embryo rate,number of transplanted follicles,blastocyst formation rate,high-quality blastocyst rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate among groups(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the fertilization rate between the active sperm group and the inactive sperm group(P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference in female anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)(basal)between two groups(P>0.05).There was significant difference in fertilization rate between OA group and NOA group(P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference in female AMH(basal)between two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in fertilization rate between two groups(P>0.05).The fertilization rate of OA patients in the active sperm group was higher than that of NOA patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001);the fertilization rate and blastocyst formation rate of OA patients in the inactive sperm group were higher than those of NOA patients,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The fertilization ability of active sperm is significantly higher than that of inactive sperm,the fertilization ability of testicular sperm in OA patients is significantly higher than that in NOA patients,the cryopreservation time do not affect the fertilization ability of testicular sperm,different sources,different quality and different cryopreservation time of testicular sperm do not affect embryo quality and clinical pregnancy rate.