Investigation of the Causes of Initial Blood Screening Failures in Emergency Apheresis Platelet Donors

ZHOU Wenqun

doi:10.13919/j.issn.2095-6274.ZHJY202411016

Abstract：Objective To analyze the incidence and primary causes of blood screening failures among emer-gency apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center.Methods A total of 720 apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center from March 2023 to April 2024 were included in this study.The following parameters were tested:platelet count,red blood cell count,white blood cell count,hemoglobin levels,hematocrit,lipemia,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels.The donors were grouped by gender and donation frequency(first-time vs.repeat donors),and differences in test indicators between the groups were compared.Results Of the 720 apheresis platelet samples,68(9.44%)failed the initial blood screening.The primary causes of failure were elevated ALT levels(failure rate of 3.75%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.22%).Among male donors,the main caus-es of screening failure were ALT levels(failure rate of 4.73%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.26%).For female do-nors,the primary causes were low hemoglobin levels(failure rate of 2.99%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.14%).The failure rate for ALT was significantly higher in males than females(P<0.05),while the failure rates for hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher in females(P<0.05).Among the 144 first-time donors,31(21.53%)had failed screenings,while 37(6.42%)of the 576 repeat donors failed.The failure rate in first-time donors was significantly higher than in repeat donors(P<0.001).In first-time donors,the main causes of screening failure were elevated ALT(failure rate of 11.81%)and lipemia(failure rate of 4.86%).In repeat donors,the main causes of failure were also elevated ALT(failure rate of 1.74%)and lipemia(failure rate of 1.56%).The failure rates for ALT,lipemia,and HBsAg positivity were significantly higher in first-time donors compared to repeat donors(P<0.05).Conclusion The primary causes of initial blood screening failure among emergency apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center were elevated ALT levels and lipemia.Male donors commonly failed due to elevated ALT,while female donors most often had issues with hemoglobin levels and hematocrit.The failure rate was significantly higher in first-time donors compared to repeat donors.It is recommended to strengthen health education and improve donor recruitment strategies to further reduce the screening failure rate.