The Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and IGF-1 Levels and Growth and Developmental Delay in Preschool Children

CHEN Peng; ZHU Tiantian; CHEN Jixin; XU Jun; XIA Jianfeng

doi:10.3639/j.issn.2095-3097.2025.12.012

Abstract：Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)levels with growth and developmental delay in preschool children.Methods From January 2022 to January 2025,102 preschool children diagnosed with growth retardation at Rugao People's Hospital were selected as the growth retardation group,and another 100 preschool children with normal growth and development who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the normal growth group.General clinical data of the two groups were compared;multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors of growth retardation in preschool children;and ROC curve analysis was applied to evaluate the value of serum 25(OH)D and IGF-1 levels in assessing growth retardation in preschool children.Results In the growth retardation group,body height,body weight,outdoor activity time,proportion of parents with the highest education level of high school or above,per capita annual family income,and serum levels of 25(OH)D and IGF-1 were lower than those in the normal growth group,while the proportion of picky eating was higher than that in the normal growth group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that picky eating was an independent risk factor for growth and development retardation in preschool children,while increased body weight,parental education level of high school or above,serum 25(OH)D≥30.12 ng/mL,and IGF-1≥92.30 ng/mL were independent protective factors for growth and development retardation in preschool children(OR=2.067,95%CI:1.210-3.529,P=0.008;OR=0.504,95%CI:0.331-0.767,P=0.001;OR=0.423,95%CI:0.242-0.739,P=0.003;OR=0.405,95%CI:0.239-0.685,P=0.001;OR=0.358,95%CI:0.202-0.634,P<0.001).ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined(serial)assessment of serum 25(OH)D and IGF-1 for preschool children with growth retardation was 0.903,which was significantly better than the AUC values of 0.791 and 0.835 obtained by the single assessment of serum 25(OH)D and IGF-1 alone,respectively(Z=9.436,8.901,P<0.001).Conclusion Decreased serum 25(OH)D and IGF-1 levels are closely related to growth and developmental delay in preschool children,and the combined detection of the two has a good evaluation value for growth and developmental delay in preschool children.