Diagnostic Efficacy of Combined Detection of Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Count and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Atopic Dermatitis

WU Yanqin; HUANG Zhuoqi; HUANG Lixuan; ZHOU Yibin; ZHUANG Mingcheng

doi:10.3639/j.issn.2095-3097.2025.10.018

Abstract：Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of combined detection of eosinophil(EOS)count and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]in atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods A total of 100 AD patients admitted to Puning People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the observation group,and 100 healthy individuals during the same period were selected as the control group.The EOS count,25(OH)D,serum immunoglobulin E(IgE)levels,and general data were compared between the two groups before treatment.The peripheral blood EOS count,25(OH)D,serum IgE levels,and Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI)were compared in the observation group before and after treatment.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between serum IgE,EOS count,25(OH)D,and EASI score.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify influencing factors for AD onset.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of EOS count and 25(OH)D alone and in combination for AD.Results The proportion of AD family history,serum IgE level,and peripheral blood EOS count in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the serum 25(OH)D level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum IgE level,EOS count,and EASI score in the observation group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the serum 25(OH)D level was higher than before treatment(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum IgE and peripheral blood EOS count were positively correlated with the EASI score in AD(P<0.05),while 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with the EASI score(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a family history of AD,elevated serum IgE,increased peripheral blood EOS count,and higher EASI score were independent risk factors for AD(all P<0.05),while increased serum 25(OH)D level was a protective factor for AD(P=0.006).The ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve(AUC)for peripheral blood EOS count,25(OH)D,and their combination in diagnosing AD were 0.737,0.768,and 0.869,respectively.The AUC of the combined diagnosis was significantly different from that of EOS count or 25(OH)D alone(P<0.05).Conclusion AD patients show high expression of peripheral blood EOS count and low expression of 25(OH)D,both of which are closely correlated with disease severity.The combined detection of EOS count and 25(OH)D has high diagnostic value for AD.