Relationship between IL-35,CRP,ET-1 and Carotid Intima-media Thickness and the Predictive Value of Plaque Formation in Young and Middle-aged Hypertensive Patients

HAO Likun; CAI Zengbo; MENG Xiaomin

doi:10.3639/j.issn.2095-3097.2025.09.005

Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-35(IL-35),C-reactive protein(CRP),endothelin-1(ET-1)and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension and their predictive value for plaque formation.Methods A total of 112 young and middle-aged patients with hypertension admitted to Baoding First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from May 2021 to April 2023 were selected.The incidence of plaque formation was calculated.Clinical data and serum levels of IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 were compared between the plaque group and the non-plaque group.The correlation between serum IL-35,CRP,ET-1 and carotid IMT was analyzed.Influencing factors of plaque formation in these patients were analyzed.The predictive value of serum IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 for plaque formation was evaluated.The influence of serum IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 on the risk of unstable plaque occurrence was analyzed.Results Among 112 patients,40 patients(35.71%)had carotid plaque formation and were included in the plaque group;the rest were included in the non-plaque group(n=72).Age,the proportion of patients with hypertension duration>10 years,carotid IMT,and serum CRP and ET-1 levels in the plaque group were higher than those in the non-plaque group,while serum IL-35 levels were lower(P<0.05).Serum IL-35 was negatively correlated with carotid IMT,while serum CRP and ET-1 were positively correlated with carotid IMT(P<0.05).After adjusting for age,hypertension duration,and other factors,serum IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 remained independent influencing factors for plaque formation in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)values for serum IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 in predicting plaque formation were 0.747,0.755,and 0.738,respectively.The combined prediction AUC value was 0.930,which was higher than that of each indicator alone(P<0.05).When patients with plaque formation had high serum levels of IL-35,CRP,and ET-1,their risk of unstable plaque was 0.333 times,3.800 times,and 2.429 times that of patients with low levels,respectively.Conclusion Serum IL-35,CRP,and ET-1 are closely related to carotid IMT in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients.The combination of these three biomarkers has high value in predicting plaque formation,and detecting their levels helps assess the risk of plaque instability.