Value of Combined Detection of Serum PD-L1,IL-33,and GDF15 in Prognostic Evaluation of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients
LIAO Weihao
ZHANG Xuan
HU Yumei
SHEN Yi
QIAO Yunping
YUAN Linna
Abstract：Objective To assess serum levels of programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1),interleukin-33(IL-33),and growth differentiation factor-15(GDF15)in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and evaluate their combined prognosis value.Methods A total of 180 patients treated at our hospital from June 2017 to June 2021 were enrolled as the study group and categorized into survival(n=139)and death(n=41)groups based on outcomes.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect serum levels of PD-L1,IL-33,and GDF15.Clinical data were collected,and multivariate Cox regression identified prognostic factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival analysis were used to evaluate predictive performance and survival outcomes.Results Serum levels of factors PD-L1,IL-33,and GDF15 were significantly higher in the death group compared to the survival group(P＜0.05).Significant differences existed between groups in pathological stage,immunophenotype,and Kamofsky performance score(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis con-firmed PD-L1,IL-33,and GDF15 as independent risk factors(P＜0.05).The AUC of serum PD-L1,IL-33,GDF15,and their combined prediction of death in DLBCL patients was 0.761,0.809,0.835,and 0.910,respectively,and the AUC of their com-bined prediction was obviously better than that of PD-L1(Z=2.942,P=0.003),IL-33(Z=2.450,P=0.014),and GDF15(Z=1.990,P=0.047)predicted separately.The survival rate of PD-L1 low expression patients(88.51％,77/87)was obviously higher than that of high expression patients(66.67％,62/93)(Log Rank x2=13.461,P＜0.001).The survival rate of patients with low IL-33 expression(86.05％,74/86)was prominently higher than that of patients with high IL-33 expression(69.15％,65/94)(Log Rank x2=8.541,P=0.003).The survival rate of patients with low GDF15 expression(87.06％,74/85)was obviously higher than that of patients with high GDF15 expression(68.42％,65/95)(Log Rank x2=9.961,P=0.002).Conclusion Elevated serum PD-L1,IL-33,and GDF15 levels in DLBCL patients correlate with poor prognosis.Their combined assessment demonstrates superior clinical utility for outcome prediction.
Keywords：Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaProgrammed cell death ligand-1Interleukin-33Growth differentiation fac-tor-15Prognosis
Publication Date：2025-04-20
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：6( 97-102 )