Clinical Value of SYK Combined with MELK Detection in Breast Cancer Condition and Prognosis Assessment

LI Shengyun; XU Yong; XIONG Fang; XIAO Zhi

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2024.06.017

Abstract：Objective This study investigates the clinical value of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and maternal em-bryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) co-detection in breast cancer tumor tissues for disease status and prognosis assessment.Methods 95 cases breast cancer patients treated at the First People's Hospital of Changde from January 2019 to December 2021 (breast cancer group) and 51 cases patients with benign breast diseases (control group) were selected.Real-time fluo-rescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of SYK and MELK and the differences in different clinical patho-logical characteristics were compared.ROC curve was used to analyze the efficacy of SYK and MELK expression in tumor tis-sues in predicting poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis of breast cancer.Kaplan-Meier model analysis and Log rank were used to compare the differences in survival time in SYK and MELK expression in different tumor tissues.Results In the breast cancer group,SYK expression was sig-nificantly lower compared to the control group (0.54±0.08 vs 0.71±0.12),while MELK expression was significantly higher (0.87±0.11 vs 0.45±0.07),with statistical significance (P<0.05).The expression of SYK and MELK in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients has nothing to do with age and tumor location (P>0.05),but is related to histological grade,T stage,number of metastatic lymph nodes,distant metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and AUC of SYK combined with MELK in predicting poor prognosis in breast cancer patients were higher than SYK,MELK,histological grade,T stage,number of metastatic lymph nodes,distant metastasis,and TNM stage (P<0.05).SYK≤0.54,MELK≥0.87,histological grade 3,T stage T3～T4,number of metastatic lymph nodes N2～N3,distant metastasis M1,and TNM stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ are independent risk factors for poor prognosis of breast cancer (P<0.05).The median survival time of breast cancer patients with tumor tissue SYK≤0.54 and MELK≥0.87 is significantly lower than that of patients with SYK>0.54 or MELK<0.87[median survival time (32.37±4.01) months vs (38.65±5.19) months,Log Rank=15.127,P<0.01].Conclusion The expression of SYK is significantly reduced and the expression of MELK is significantly increased in patients with breast cancer,which is related to the clinicopathological characteristics and survival time,and has high clinical value in the condition and prognosis of breast cancer.The combined detection of SYK and MELK can significantly improve the clinical value of predicting poor prognosis of breast cancer.