Serum Aβ1-42,sTREM2 and cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease

LIU Caixia; LI Qian; CHAI Xiaoliang; DING Xiaohan; WU Bing; ZHANG Xiaohong; MENG Ruili; LIU Hongxia

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2897.2025.05.010

Abstract：Objective To explore the correlation between serum amyloid β-protein1-42(Aβ1-42),soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(sTREM2)and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 120 patients confirmed with AD were enrolled between August 2021 and June 2024.According to scores of mini-mental state examination(MMSE),they were divided into mild group(n=38),moderate group(n=50)and severe group(n=32).The pathological characteristics and serological level in the three groups were compared.The correlation between serum Aβ1-42,sTREM2 levels and MMSE score was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The influencing factors of cognitive function in AD patients were analyzed by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Results There was no significant difference in lesion sites among the three groups(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in lesions size(χ2=11.116,P<0.05).The level of serum Aβ1-42 was the lowest in severe group and the highest in mild group(90.23±10.84,140.21±14.26 pg/mL).The level of serum sTREM2 was the highest in severe group and the lowest in mild group(7.23±1.84,4.16±1.25 ng/mL,P<0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that MMSE score was positively correlated with Aβ1-42 level,but negatively correlated with sTREM2(r=0.814,r=-0.798,P<0.05).The results of regression analysis showed that the higher the level of serum Aβ1-42 and the lower the sTREM2 level,the better the cognitive function in AD patients(P<0.05).Conclusions There is certain correlation between cognitive function and serum Aβ1-42,sTREM2 in AD patients.The higher the level of serum Aβ1-42 and the lower the sTREM2 level,the better the cognitive function.