Advances in the immunotherapy for diffuse midline gliomas
GAO Qiang
ZHANG Wei
Abstract：Diffuse midline glioma(DMG)is an extremely aggressive malignancy originating from midline structures of the central nervous system,most commonly arising in the brainstem and predominantly affecting children and adolescents.The prognosis remains extremely poor,with a median overall survival of less than one year.Conventional therapies,including biopsy and radiotherapy,provide limited clinical benefit,and no standardized treatment guidelines are currently available.Patients are therefore encouraged to participate in clinical trials.In recent years,immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach,achieving significant clinical benefits in various peripheral malignant tumors and is now being actively investigated in DMG.This review summarizes the current clinical progress of immunotherapeutic strategies for DMG,with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell transfer,tumor vaccines,and oncolytic viruses.Although immunotherapy has demonstrated preliminary safety and efficacy in DMG,numerous challenges remain,including immune evasion,poor T-cell infiltration,and limited delivery across the blood-brain barrier.Moving forward,combining immunotherapy with other therapies and optimizing delivery systems may help overcome these barriers,paving the way for substantial improvements in clinical outcomes for patients with DMG.
Keywords：Diffuse midline gliomaImmunotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsAdoptive cell transferTumor vaccinesOncolytic viruses
Publication Date：2025-08-28
Online Publishing Date：2025-08-15(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 161-167 )