Progress in the differentiation,diagnosis and treatment of resistant hypertension and refractory hypertension
Qu Fengxue
Ma Linlin
Liu Jinghua
Wang Zuoguang
Cheng Wenli
Abstract：Resistant hypertension(RH)and refractory hypertension(RfH)refer to the failure or resistance of antihypertensive treatment.The prevalence of RH and RFH is difficult to quantify,but patients are at significantly increased cardiovascular risk.Standardized office blood-pressure measurements,confirmation of medical adherence,search for drug-or substant-induced blood-pressure elevations,drug-drug interactions,genetic polymor-phisms,pharmacometabolomics,ambulatory or home blood-pressure monitoring,and rule out pseudoresistance are warranted.Secondary hypertension was excluded on the basis of further investigations appropriate to clinical data.Lifestyle intervention and reasonable antihypertensive drug therapy are the cornerstone of RH management.If blood pressure is still not under control,device therapy,such as renal artery sympathetic radiofrequency ablation,should be considered.Device therapy such as renal artery sympathetic radiofrequency ablation can be considered,but the indications and safety need to be strictly evaluated.In practice,the management of RH and RfH should be individ-ualized according to the characteristics of patient.
Keywords：Resistant hypertensionRefractory hypertensionGene polymorphismPharmacoomicsProgress in diagnosis and treatment
Publication Date：2025-02-07
Online Publishing Date：2026-09-14(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 293-297 )