Relation between dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome in young and middle-aged essential hypertension patients

Li Bixi; Li Yun; Liu Lisong

doi:10.3760/j.issn.1673-4777.2020.01.002

Abstract：Objective To investigate the impact of dietary pattern on metabolic syndrome(MS) in young and middle-aged essential hypertension patients.Methods Totally 304 untreated young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension admitted to Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled.Dietary patterns of patients were collected by questionnaire and they were divided into 3 groups:vegetarian group(62 cases),with vegetables,fruits and carbohydrates accounting for 70％ or more of daily diet;meat group (98 cases),with meat and animal food accounting for 70％ or more of daily dietary;balance group(144 cases),with vegetable food and meat accounting for 50％ respectively.Height,weight and waist circumference were measured.Clinical data and laboratory biochemical indicators were recorded.The correlation between dietary pattern and MS components was analyzed.Results Male ratio,body mass index,waist circumference,serum creatinine level,MS prevalence increased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased among the vegetarian group,balance group and meat group(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the vegetarian group,age in the meat group was significantly younger [(47 ± 8) years vs (50 ± 8) years],systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure,alanine aminotransferase,serum uric acid and triglyceride levels were significantly higher [(156 ± 20)mmHgvs (146±20)mmHg,(57±15)mmHg vs (50±15)mmHg,(36±22)IU/L vs (24±16)IU/L,(338 ± 89) μmol/L vs (269 ± 81) μ mol/L,(3.2 ± 2.7) mmo]/L vs (2.3 ± 2.0) mmol/L] (all P ＜ 0.05),butthere were no statistical differences between the vegetarian group and balance group (all P ＞ 0.05).Spearman analysis showed that the proportion of animal food in diet was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure,waist circumference,body mass index,serum triacylglycerol level and the prevalence rate of MS (r =0.263,0.460,0.406,0.213,0.328;P=0.001,＜0.001,＜0.001,0.007,＜0.001);it was negatively correlated with HDL-C(r =-0.421,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions MS in young and middle-aged essential hypertension patients is associated with dietary pattern.Blood pressure,overweight,abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia significantly increase with animal food proportion in daily diet.