Analysis of risk factors of carotid artery lesion

Zhou Yanxia; Ren Lijie; Han Manfu; Li Lujiang; Long Xia; Tang Xiang

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4777.2016.06.009

Abstract：Objective To explore the risk factors of carotid artery lesion.Methods Totally 1 531 people over 40 years of age were enrolled by cluster sampling method,all of whom had carotid artery ultrasonic examination.Distributions of carotid artery plaques were recorded and compared between patients with stroke,patients with transient ischemic attack,normal population and different sex and age population.The risk factors of carotid artery lesion were analyzed.Results Totally 1 508 cases (98.5％) had carotid artery lesions,among whom 1 224 cases had plaques;totally 7 218 plaques were detected,including 1 255 (17.4％) unstable plaques and 5 963 (82.6％) stable plaques.There was no statistically significant difference between the incidences of carotid plaques on left and right sides (P ＞ 0.05).Plaques on left side were most common in internal carotid sinus,on right side were most common in arteriae subclavia.The incidence of unstable plaques in patients with stroke was significantly higher than that in patients with transient ischemic attack [68.4％ (91/133) vs 53.8％ (183/340)] (P ＜0.05);the incidences of plaques in different gender and age had no statistically significant differences (P ＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension [odds ratio(OR) =6.146,95％ confidence interval(CI):1.386-9.318],heart disease (OR =4.763,95％ CI:1.167-9.088),smoking (OR =1.936,95％ CI:0.448-3.501),dyslipidemia (OR =2.502,95％ CI:O.678-4.213),diabetes mellitus (OR =3.710,95％ CI:1.837-8.831) and overweight or obesity (OR =1.273,95％ CI:O.446-3.013) were risk factors of carotid artery lesion (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hypertension,heart disease,smoking,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,overweight and obesity are risk factors of carotid artery lesion.