Exploration of the construction path of a groundwater digital twin system in Shanxi Province

ZHANG Yu; WANG Huiru; WU Xiaoqin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2026.02.009

Abstract：Shanxi Province is one of the regions in northern China where groundwater over-exploitation is relatively severe,and groundwater management is confronted with multiple pressures,including over-exploitation control,ecological protection,and high-quality development.The construction of a groundwater digital twin system is a key approach to addressing the challenges of groundwater management in Shanxi Province.This paper systematically analyzes the demands of groundwater management and proposes a construction path for a groundwater management digital twin system in Shanxi Province.Starting from the establishment of a full-element database,multi-source data are integrated,and a"data base"is constructed with the support of remote sensing,geographic information systems,and global positioning systems(3S technologies)and building information modeling(BIM),together with the establishment of a dynamic data updating mechanism.A group of models is developed,including a refined three-dimensional groundwater flow numerical model and a solute transport simulation model,which are coupled with optimization algorithms to form a simulation-optimization coupled model.In addition,a"four pre"simulation module(forecast,early-warning,rehearsal,and contingency planning)is developed.After completion,the groundwater digital twin system can provide strong support for the implementation of groundwater management control indicators,supervision of groundwater abstraction,control of groundwater over-exploitation,and scientific allocation of groundwater resources,thus promoting the transformation of groundwater management from experience-driven to data-driven.