Characteristics of extreme precipitation and flood disasters in China and response approaches and countermeasures

GENG Xiaojun; ZHAO Zhongnan; LI Yuanyuan; SHI Wenjing; ZHAO Baoxu

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2025.22.007

Abstract：Flood prevention and safety is a matter of great importance to the long-term stability and security of the nation.The characteristics of China's monsoon climate and natural geographical conditions determine that the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is extremely uneven,and the resulting water-related disasters have always been a prominent risk that cannot be ignored in the process of Chinese modernization.In recent years,under the influence of global climate change,the evolution of weather systems has intensified;extreme precipitation events in China have become more frequent and intense,and regional,sudden,and extreme flood disasters have increasingly manifested.In the future,the frequency of short-term intense rainfall events on an hourly scale and small-scale regional extreme flood events may increase,creating an urgent need to further streamline flood disaster prevention strategies under changing conditions,improve flood disaster defense measures,and comprehensively enhance the proactivity,systematization,and precision of flood disaster prevention.By analyzing and summarizing the characteristics and trends of extreme precipitation and flood disasters in China over the past decade,this study examines response strategies,elements,and objectives for extreme weather and flood disasters from four dimensions:forecast and warning,rigid resistance,flexible adjustment,and technological empowerment.It aims to form a comprehensive,safe,efficient,and resilient system to address the risks of extreme weather events and flood disasters,providing a reference for advancing the modernization of China's flood safety system and capabilities.