Observation of bleeding conditions in patients with varying severities of chronic periodontitis following basic periodontal treatment and anticoagulation therapy

ZHAO Qian; ZHANG Qing; CHEN Bao-shun; YAN Xin-ran; LIU Yong-jian

doi:10.19749/j.cn.cjgd.1672-2973.2025.05.004

Abstract：Objective To explore the feasibility of periodontal basic treatment for chronic periodontitis patients with different degrees of periodontal disease who are undergoing anticoagulation therapy,without discontinuing their anticoagulant medications,and across varying severities of the condition.Methods A total of 133 patients with chronic periodontitis who were treated at Taiyuan Central Hospital between January 2023 and February 2025 were recruited and stratified into an experimental group(n=68)and a control group(n=65)according to their use of anticoagulant medications.Probing depth(PD),plaque index(PLI),bleeding index(BI),and clinical attachment level(CAL)were recorded for each patient,with the maximum value representing the patient's final data.The experimental group of 68 cases were divided into stage Ⅱ periodontitis(Group A,39 cases)and stage Ⅲ periodontitis(Group B,29 cases).The control group of 65 cases were divided into stage Ⅱ periodontitis(Group C,33 cases)and stage Ⅲ periodontitis(Group D,32 cases).Gross observation was used to record active gingival bleeding in each group at 5 min,30 min,1 h,24 h,and 48 h after receiving periodontal basic treatment.Results The bleeding rates of the experimental group at 5 minutes,30 minutes,1 hour,and 24 hours after periodontal basic treatment were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,neither group exhibited any further bleeding 48 hours post-treatment.No further bleeding was observed in either group at 48 h post-treatment.Group A had significantly higher bleeding rates at 5 and 30 minutes after periodontal basic treatment compared to group C(P＜0.05),but the difference was no longer significant after 1 hour(P＞0.05),and there was no bleeding in both groups after 24 hours.Group B had significantly higher bleeding rates at 5 minutes,30 minutes,1 hour,and 24 hours after periodontal basic treatment compared to group D(P＜0.05),but there was no bleeding in both groups after 48 hours.Group B had significantly higher bleeding rates at 5 minutes,30 minutes,1 hour,and 24 hours after periodontal basic treatment compared to group A(P＜0.05).Within 48 hours,both group A and group B did not bleed again.Conclusion For patients with stageⅡperiodontal disease who take long-term oral anticoagulants,periodontal treatment can be received with confidence.However,for patients with stageⅢperiodontal disease who take long-term oral anticoagulants,although there is a risk of prolonged bleeding time,local hemostasis intervention is still feasible.