Preparation and performance evaluation of surface micro-nano morphology of 3D printed gyroid structured TC4 bionic maxillary bone scaffold

CHEN He; WANG Xin-yu; HAN Ze-kui; WANG Huai-sheng; ZANG Yi-xin; LIU Lu

doi:10.19749/j.cn.cjgd.1672-2973.2025.01.012

Abstract：Objective To investigate the impact of constructing micro-nano composite morphology on the surface of Gyroid-structured specimens on their mechanical and biological properties,and to design and fabricate bionic scaffolds for repairing maxillary bone defects.Methods Mechanical models of Gyroid structures with wall thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 0.45 mm,in increments of 0.05 mm,were designed and fabricated.Based on the results of mechanical compression tests,an optimal wall thickness for repairing maxillary bone defects was identified.Subsequently,a maxillary bone repair scaffold with the selected wall thickness was designed and manufactured using selective laser melting(SLM)technology.The surface treatment experiments were divided into SLM group(conventional treatment),SLA group(Al2O3 sandblasting+acid treatment)and SAN group(Al2O3 sandblasting+acid treatment+anodic oxidation).The surface morphology,roughness and static contact Angle were observed,and the elastic modulus of each group after surface treatment was compared.The samples were co-cultured with mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells(MC3T3-E1),and the effects of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity on cell proliferation and differentiation were analyzed.Results The elastic modulus of the 0.35 mm wall thickness Gyroid structure was(2.78±0.03)Gpa,which was suitable for the maxillary scaffold.Under the same wall thickness,the difference of elastic modulus before and after surface treatment was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The cell proliferation,cell morphology and ALP activity of SAN group were better than SLA group and SLM group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The surface treatment of the Gyroid structure with a wall thickness of 0.35 mm has little effect on its mechanical properties.The micro-nano composite Gyroid structure has satisfactory cytocompatibility and osteogenic effect.