The influence of maxillary structural changes on the dental implant of elderly patients

LIU Hong-chen; WANG Pei-huan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2973.2018.01.001

Abstract：After tooth loss in elderly patients,traditional denture retention is difficult due to the absorption of alveolar bone.And dental implant is an effective method to solve this problem.However,the changes of local oral anatomy make the dental implants of elderly patients show its unique characteristics.In the maxilla,alveolar process,maxillary tuberosity and alveolar bone wall are atrophic and absorbed in varying degrees due to the loss of teeth and other local or systemic factors.The position relationship between the implant and the long axis of alveolar process,the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus is more complicated.All of these increased the difficulty of planting treatment.On the other hand,the bone of some special anatomical structures such as canine buttress and zygomatic areas have also been atrophied and absorbed.However,the anatomical characteristics of these sites determine that they can be used as implantation sites for implants.And it is possible to restore the dental implant in elderly patients with severe alveolar bone atrophy.It is fully recognized that the changes of oral and maxillofacial anatomical structure of old people after tooth loss not only can avoid the occurrence of complications in maximum,but also expand the implant indications of elderly patients with edentulous jaws.And it is a gospel for elderly patients with severe alveolar bone atrophy.In this paper,we summarized the relationship between the anatomical characteristics and age-related changes of maxillary alveolar process,upper anterior teeth axis,alveolar bone wall,nasal cavity,maxillary sinus,canine buttress,zygomatic bone,maxillary tuberosity and the dental implant based on the actual situation of different types of artificial implant prosthesis,which we have completed in clinical practice and relevant literature in recent years to explore the condition and feasibility of elderly patients' dental implant basis,for peer reference.