Comparative Study on the Intestinal Immune Regulation Effects of Polysaccharides from Huangjing Before and After Wine Process

LIN Tao; TIAN Ziqi; WANG Chun; SONG Zhiqian; PENG Shitao; YANG Fenghe; LU Wenjie; LIU Zhenli; NING Zhangchi

Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of polysaccharides from raw and wine-processed Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)on intestinal immunomodulation based on a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model.Methods Polysaccharides were extracted from raw and wine-processed Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)using the water extraction and ethanol precipitation method.An immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse model was established by cyclophosphamide administration(80 mg/kg×3 days).Mice were randomly divided into five groups:normal group,model group,positive drug group,raw Huangjing polysaccharide group,and wine-processed Huangjing polysaccharide group,followed by 20 days of continuous oral gavage.Spleen and thymus indices were calculated to evaluate immune organ function.Levels of secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA),interleukin(IL)-4,and interferon(IFN)-γ in intestinal lavage fluid were measured by ELISA.Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing,with principal component analysis(PCA)and linear discriminant analysis(LEfSe)were employed to analyze microbial diversity and identify biomarker taxa.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significant decreases in thymus and spleen indices(P<0.05),indicating successful immunosuppression.Intestinal SIgA concentrations decreased(P<0.05),while IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios significantly increased(P<0.05).The α-diversity of gut microbiota was significantly reduced,while the abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria increased,and that of Saccharibacteria decreased.Compared with the model group,the wine-processed Huangjing polysaccharide group demonstrated significantly increased spleen index(P<0.05),restored intestinal SIgA concentrations(P<0.05),and significantly reduced IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios(P<0.01).The α-diversity of gut microbiota significantly improved,while the abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria decreased,and that of Saccharibacteria increased.Conclusion Wine-processed Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)polysaccharides can improve spleen and thymus atrophy in immunosuppressed mice,downregulate Th1/Th2 polarization,modulate gut microbiota,and enhance intestinal immunomodulatory activity.These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Huangjing and optimization of its processing technology.