Research Progress on Regulation of cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway in Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on"Yin-Yang Imbalance"Theory

LI Xuejun; JIANG Zhiyan; WANG Shumin; XIAO Zhen

Abstract：Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is difficult to control,easy to recur,and seriously impairs children's motor,emotional,and academic life.The pathogenesis of ADHD is unknown,involving neurotransmitter transmission,neuroinflammation,and oxidative stress,etc.,and the essence of the disease is attributed to"Yin-Yang imbalance.The essence of the pathogenesis is attributed to"Yin-Yang imbalance".Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)signaling pathway induces phosphorylation of a series of protein substrates,which are involved in the formation of motor and learning memories,promotes the synthesis of neurotransmitters,inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species(ROS)to improve the core symptoms of ADHD,and the dysregulation of this pathway leads to energy metabolism disorders and abnormal nerve impulse transmission,which coincide with the theory of"Yin and Yang imbalance"in traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Chinese medicine plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children by restoring the balance of Yin and Yang through intervening in the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway,and effectively solves the problem of the restricted use of psychotropic drugs in children.Based on the increasing research on Chinese medicine in ADHD,this paper describes the structure and conduction of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and its relationship with the mechanism of ADHD,the pathogenesis of ADHD in Chinese medicine and the syndrome differentiation and classification of ADHD,and summarizes the current status of the research on the intervention of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway by compound prescription of Chinese Medicine,monomers and single-Chinese medicines in the treatment of ADHD.The aim of this study is to provide a basis for the pharmacological study of ADHD in Chinese medicine,to enrich the theoretical connotation of Chinese medicine theory of ADHD"Yin and Yang disorders",and to provide new insights and directions for the prevention and treatment of ADHD.